Missouri Executive Order 44^[1] also known as The "extermination order" (alt. exterminating order) in Latter Day Saint history was an executive order issued on October 27, 1838 by Missouri governor Lilburn Boggs. The order was in response to what Boggs termed "open and avowed defiance of the laws, and of having made war upon the people of this State ... the Mormons must be treated as enemies, and must be exterminated or driven from the State if necessary for the public peace—their outrages are beyond all description." The order was not formally rescinded until 1976.^[2] The term Latter Day Saint most commonly refers to (but is not limited to) members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints which, its members believe, was founded under the direction of Jesus Christ by the prophet Joseph Smith, Jr. ... The Latter Day Saint movement is a religious movement within Christian Restorationism beginning in the early 19th century that led to the set of doctrines, practices, and cultures called Mormonism and to the existence of numerous Latter Day Saint churches. ... The presidential seal was used by Rutherford B. Hayes in 1880 and last modified in 1959 by adding the 50th star for Hawaii. ... is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... | Jöns Jakob Berzelius, discoverer of protein 1838 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Official language(s) English Capital Jefferson City Largest city Kansas City Largest metro area St Louis[1] Area  Ranked 21st  - Total 69,709 sq mi (180,693 km²)  - Width 240 miles (385 km)  - Length 300 miles (480 km)  - % water 1. ... For other uses, see Governor (disambiguation). ... Lilburn W. Boggs (1796-1860) was the Governor of Missouri from 1836 to 1840. ...

Background

Speeches by Sidney Rigdon

Main articles: Salt sermon and Rigdon's July 4th oration

Tensions between the Mormons and the Missourians escalated with two speeches given by Sidney Rigdon in June and July of 1838. The first speech, referred to as the Salt sermon, was targeted against former Mormons. In his 19 June 1838 sermon, Rigdon compared the Mormon church to the salt of the earth, and the Mormon dissenters to the salt that had lost its flavor. From this, Rigdon explained that it is the duty of the Saints to trample the dissenters under foot. An oration delivered on June 17, 1838 by Mormon leader, Sidney Rigdon, against Mormon dissenters. ... An oration delivered by Mormon leader Sidney Rigdon during a 4th of July celebration in Far West, Missouri in 1838. ... Sidney Rigdon Sidney Rigdon (19 February 1793–14 July 1876) was an important figure in the early history of the Latter Day Saint movement. ... An oration delivered on June 17, 1838 by Mormon leader, Sidney Rigdon, against Mormon dissenters. ... is the 170th day of the year (171st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

He informed the people that they had a set of men among them that had dissented from the church and were doing all in their power to destroy the presidency, laying plans to take their lives &c., accused them of counterfeiting, lying, cheating and numerous other crimes and called on the people to rise en masse and rid the county of such a nuisance. He said it is the duty of this people to trample them into the earth, and if the county cannot be freed from them any other way I will assist to trample them down or to erect a gallows on the Square of Far West and hang them up as they did the gamblers at Vicksburgh and it would be an act at which the angels would smile with approbation.^[3]

Rigdon's strongly-worded sermon may have played a significant role in encouraging the dissenters to leave the county.^[4] In case it wasn't sufficient, Rigdon wrote letters to various leading dissenters--Oliver Cowdery, David Whitmer, John Whitmer, William W. Phelps, and Lyman E. Johnson--informing them that Photograph of Oliver Cowdery found in the Library of Congress, taken in the 1840s Oliver Hervy Pliny Cowdery[1] (3 October 1806 – 3 March 1850) was the primary participant with Joseph Smith, Jr. ... David Whitmer (January 7, 1805–January 25, 1888) was an early adherent of the Latter Day Saint movement who eventually became the most interviewed of the Three Witnesses to the Book of Mormons Golden Plates. ... John Whitmer (1802–1878) was an early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement. ... William Wines Phelps (also W.W. Phelps, and William W. Phelps) (February 17, 1792–March 7, 1872) was an important early leader of the Latter Day Saint movement. ... Lyman E. Johnson (October 24, 1811–December 20, 1856) was an early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement. ...

you shall have three days after you receive this communication to you, including twenty-four hours in each day, for you to depart with your families peaceably; which you may do undisturbed by any person; but in that time, if you do not depart, we will use the means in our power to cause you to depart; for go you shall.^[5]

The second speech was Rigdon's 1838 Fourth of July oration given at Far West, which was characterized by Mormon historian Brigham Henry Roberts as a "'Declaration of Independence' from all mobs and persecutions."^[6] These speeches are believed by some to represent the beginning of the Missouri Mormon War.^{[citation needed]} The closing passages of the July 4th speech state, An oration delivered by Mormon leader Sidney Rigdon during a 4th of July celebration in Far West, Missouri in 1838. ... Far West, Missouri, was a Latter Day Saint (Mormon) settlement in Caldwell County, Missouri. ... The Mormon War is a name sometimes given to the 1838 conflict which occurred between Latter-day Saints (Mormons) and their neighbors in the northwestern region of the U.S. state of Missouri. ...

But from this day and this hour we will suffer it no more. We take God and all the holy angels to witness, this day, that we warn all men, in the name of Jesus Christ to come on us no more for ever, for from this hour we will bear it no more; our rights shall no more be trampled on with impunity; the man, or the set of men who attempt it, do it at the expense of their lives. And that mob that comes on us to disturb us, it shall be between us and them a war of extermination; for we will follow them until the last drop of their blood is spilled; or else they will have to exterminate us, for we will carry the seat of war to their own houses and their own families, and one party or the other shall be utterly destroyed. Remember it then, all men. We will never be the aggressors, we will infringe on the rights of no people, but shall stand for our own until death.^[7]

Danite band and the Affidavit of Thomas Marsh

Main article: Danite

Thomas B. Marsh, then President of the Mormon's Twelve Apostles, signed an affidavit before the Richmond Justice of the Peace, Henry Jacobs. Marsh's affidavit stated that "They have among them (the 'Mormons') a company consisting of all that are considered true 'Mormons,' called Danites, who have taken an oath to support the heads of The Church in all things, whether right or wrong. I have heard the Prophet say that he would yet tread down his enemies, and walk over their dead bodies; that, if he was not let alone, he would be a second Mohammed to this generation, and that he would make it one gore of blood from the Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean."^[8] The Danite were a fraternal organization founded by Latter Day Saints in June of 1838 , at Far West in Caldwell County, Missouri. ... Thomas B. Marsh(1799-1866) was the first ordained apostle in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints and president of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles from 1835-1839. ...

Events at Gallatin

Main article: Gallatin election day battle

Open physical conflict between the Mormons and Missourians occurred on election day (August 6, 1838), in the town of Gallatin, Missouri.^[9] A candidate for Representative to the state legislature named William Peniston made disparaging statements about the Mormons, calling them “horse thieves and robbers,^[10] and threatened them if they attempted to vote in the election.^[11] One of the Mormons present, Samuel Brown, claimed that Peniston’s statements were false and then declared his intention to vote. This triggered a brawl between the Mormons and Missourians.^[12] A number of Missourians left the scene to obtain guns and ammunition and swore that they would “kill all the Saints they could find, or drive them out of Daviess county, sparing neither men, women or children.”^[13] The crowd dispersed, and the Mormons returned to their homes. A few days later, Joseph Smith personally led a Danite group into Daviess County, threatening the officers of the county with death if they did not allow Mormons normal civil rights. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Mormon War. ... Gallatin is a city located in Daviess County, Missouri. ...

Two months later, open conflict developed in Daviess County. After the fall of Dewitt in Carroll County, the Mormons feared that the non-Mormons would run them out of Daviess County.

Justice of the Peace Philip Covington provided a sworn deposition in Daviess County that on 18 September 1838, he witnessed a band of 100 or more Mormon men march into Gallatin and drive out the citizens, before robbing and burning the store and Post Office. On 20 September, a group of 25 armed Mormons informed Covington that he had until the following morning to leave the county, or he and his family would be attacked.^[14] is the 261st day of the year (262nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Several non-Mormons attested that on 18 October 1838, on orders from Joseph Smith, a band of Mormons burned almost every building in Gallatin to the ground after robbing all items of value they could remove.^{[15][16][17][18][19][20]} is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Mormon War

Main articles: Mormon War and Battle of Crooked River

Late in the evening of October 24, 1838, Captain Samuel Bogart of the Missouri state militia patrolled the northern part of Ray County, and Buncombe's Strip, a 6 mile strip of land between Ray and Caldwell County that was administered by Ray County. In the course of this patrol, he encountered and arrested several members of the Mormon Arson and Destruction Company. He "accosted at least two Mormon settlers in their homes, ordering them to leave the state, and took three Mormons prisoner,"^[21] taking them to the state militia camp at Crooked River just down the road from the Mormon spy headquarters in Parson's home. One of the members of the Mormon Arson and Destruction Company was Thoret Parsons, who was told by Bogart that he was free to go, but had "to leave by ten o'clock the next day and remarked that he expected to give Far West "hell" before noon the next day."^[22] Captain David Patten led a detachment of Mormon Danites to rescue the prisoners,^[23] resulting in four fatalities: three among the Mormons (including Patten) and one from the state militia, an incident that became known as the Battle of Crooked River.^[24] An exaggerated report was sent to Governor Lilburn Boggs which stated that "Captain Bogart and all his company, amounting to between fifty and sixty men, were massacred at Buncombe, twelve miles north of Richmond, except three," and that Richmond was "to be laid in ashes this morning."^[25] Boggs, who just a few hours before had received word of the Mormon destruction of Daviess County, concluded that the Mormons were at war against the State and should be removed altogether. Missouri Executive Order 44 was issued October 27, to General John B. Clark of the Missouri State Militia.^[26][27] The Mormon War is a name sometimes given to the 1838 conflict which occurred between Latter-day Saints (Mormons) and their neighbors in the northwestern region of the U.S. state of Missouri. ... The Battle of Crooked River was a skirmish between Mormon forces and a faction of the state militia of Missouri under the command of Methodist minister Samuel Bogart. ... Kansas City metropolitan rivers with Crooked River in the east. ... David Patten is an American football player. ... The Battle of Crooked River was a skirmish between Mormon forces and a faction of the state militia of Missouri under the command of Methodist minister Samuel Bogart. ... Lilburn W. Boggs (1796-1860) was the Governor of Missouri from 1836 to 1840. ... John Bullock Clark, Sr. ...

Text of the Order

The following order was issued by Governor Lillburn Boggs:

Copy of a Military Order by the Governor of Missouri. HEAD QUARTERS, MILITIA, City of Jefferson, Oct. 27, 1838. Sir:--Since the order of the morning to you, directing you to cause four hundred mounted men to be raised within your division, I have received by Amos Rees, Esq. and Wiley E. Williams Esq., one of my aids, information of the most appalling character, which changes the whole face of things, and places the Mormons in the attitude of an open and avowed defiance of the laws, and of having made open war upon the people of this state. Your orders are, therefore, to hasten your operations and endeavor to reach Richmond, in Ray County, with all possible speed. The Mormons must be treated as enemies, and must be exterminated or driven from the state, if necessary, for the public good. Their outrages are beyond all description. If you can increase your force, you are authorized to do so to any extent you may think necessary. I have just issued orders to Maj. Gen. Wallock, of Marion County, to raise 500 men and march them to the northern part of Daviess, and there unite with Gen. Doniphan, of Clay, who has been ordered with 500 men to proceed to the same point, for the purpose of intercepting the retreat of the Mormons to the North. They have been directed to communicate with you by express. You can also communicate with them if you find it necessary. Instead, therefore, of proceeding, as at first directed, to reinstate the citizens of Daviess in their homes, you will proceed immediately to Richmond, and there operate against the Mormons. Brig. Gen. Parks, of Ray, has been ordered to have four hundred men of his brigade in readiness to join you at Richmond. The whole force will be placed under your command. L. W. BOGGS, Gov. And Command-in-chief. To Gen. Clark.

Consequences

Evacuation of Far West

An hour before sunset on 30 October 1838 (the same day as the Haun's Mill Massacre), 3500 members of the state militia, under the command of General Samuel Lucas, arrived outside Far West, Missouri.^[28] The Mormons in Far West, numbering about 200 men, were greatly frightened, but Joseph Smith ordered them to take up their weapons and prepare to fight. When the militia saw that the Mormons intended to fight, they withdrew into the woods to await the morning. Though some of the Mormons misinterpreted the soldier's retreat, Joseph Smith sent John Corrill and Reed Peck to search the militia camp for General Alexander W. Doniphan, who had been friendly and instrumental towards Mormon efforts since the first days of the Mormons in Missouri, several years earlier. Corrill and Peck had instructions from Smith to "beg like a dog for peace" from Doniphan. The militia agreed not to attack Far West until negotiations between the two groups could be conducted.^[29] is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A stone from Hauns Mill, at one time used as a memorial at the site of the massacre. ... Far West, Missouri, was a Latter Day Saint (Mormon) settlement in Caldwell County, Missouri. ... John Corrill (1794-1840) was an early member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, being baptized in 1831. ... Alexander William Doniphan (July 9, 1808–August 8, 1887) was an American lawyer and soldier, born in Mason County, Kentucky. ...

Lucas issued a set of four demands to the inhabitants of Far West:^[30]

1. The Mormon leaders were to surrender immediately to stand trial.
2. Mormon property would be seized and used to pay for damages.
3. The Mormons would leave the state immediately.
4. The Mormons would turn over all of their weapons.

Back in Far West Hyrum Smith and Brigham Young advised all the "Crooked River boys" to flee northward out of the state "for, if found, they will be shot down like dogs." Nearly seventy left.^[31]

Military tribunal

Church leaders were tried under a military tribunal, convicted of high treason against the state of Missouri and sentenced to death.^[32] General Lucas issued the following order to General Alexander W. Doniphan:

Brigadier-General Doniphan: Sir:—You will take Joseph Smith and the other prisoners into the public square of Far West, and shoot them at 9 o'clock to-morrow morning. Samuel D. Lucas, Major-General Commanding.^[33]

General Doniphan refused to carry out the order of death given by his superiors stating it was illegal and "cold-blooded murder," as he felt that Mormon leaders should not be tried by a military tribunal.^[34][35]

Ebenezer Robinson described the scene at Far West,

"General Clark made the following speech to the brethren on the public square:...'The orders of the governor to me were, that you should be exterminated, and not allowed to remain in the state, and had your leaders not been given up, and the terms of the treaty complied with, before this, you and your families would have been destroyed and your houses in ashes.'"^[36]

The Far West militia was marched out of the city and forced to turn over their weapons to General Lucas. The men under the command of Lucas were then allowed to ransack the city to search for weapons. Brigham Young recounts that, once the militia was disarmed, Lucas's men were turned loose on the city:

[T]hey commenced their ravages by plundering the citizens of their bedding, clothing, money, wearing apparel, and every thing of value they could lay their hands upon, and also attempting to violate the chastity of the women in sight of their husbands and friends, under the pretence of hunting for prisoners and arms. The soldiers shot down our oxen, cows, hogs and fowls, at our own doors, taking part away and leaving the rest to rot in the streets. The soldiers also turned their horses into our fields of corn.^[37]

B.H. Roberts wrote 62 years later that, "[t]he chastity of a number of women was defiled by force; some of them were strapped to benches and repeatedly ravished by brutes in human form until they died from the effects of this treatment."^[38] However, Mormon historian Stephen C. LeSueur notes, Brigham Henry Roberts (March 13, 1857 _ September 27, 1933) was born in Warrington, a manufacturing town of Lancashire, England. ...

Nearly all reports of rape are based on hearsay and rumors, and are not now believed to be true, even by LDS historians. In addition, the reports are generally vague and often exaggerated ... Charles Morehead, the representative of the state legislature from Ray County, said during a debate that 'he was in Far West when one of these reports was started, and he assisted in attempting to ascertain the truth, and the Mormons themselves admitted that it was false' (Missouri Republican, 24 December 1838).^[39]

Civil trial

General Clark turned over his prisoners, consisting of about 60 men including Joseph Smith, Jr. and Sidney Rigdon, for a preliminary hearing by a civil court of inquiry in Richmond under Judge Austin A. King, on charges of treason, murder, arson, burglary, robbery, larceny and perjury.^[40] The court of inquiry began 12 November 1838. After the inquiry, all but a few of the Mormon prisoners were released, but Joseph Smith, Sidney Rigdon, Lymen Wight, Caleb Baldwin, Hyrum Smith and Alexander McRae were held without conviction, bail or legal representation in the Liberty Jail in Liberty, Clay County on charges of treason against the state, murder, arson, burglary, robbery and larceny.^[41] The U.S. Senate voted 2 March 1841 to table a motion to consider printing out the court records of the Fifth Circuit of the State of Missouri regarding the trial for high treason and other crimes against that State of Joseph Smith, Jr., and others.^[42] Austin Augustus King (September 21, 1802-April 22, 1870) (also known as Austin A. King and Austin King) was a Democratic governor of Missouri and U.S. Congressman. ... Traitor redirects here. ... The Skyline Parkway Motel in Afton, Virginia after an arson fire on July 9, 2004. ... In the United States, larceny is a common law crime involving stealing. ... Perjury is the act of lying or making verifiably false statements on a material matter under oath or affirmation in a court of law or in any of various sworn statements in writing. ... is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Liberty Jail is a prison in Liberty, Missouri where Joseph Smith, Jr. ... Liberty is a city in Clay County, Missouri. ... Clay County is a county located in the U.S. state of Missouri. ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Smith and others escape

During a transfer to another prison in the spring of 1839, Smith escaped. The exact circumstances that allowed for him to escape are not certain, as one historian (John Whitmer) recounts that Smith bribed the guards,^[43][44] while another historian (Harold Schindler) states that high state officials--perhaps even Governor Boggs--realized that an escape would be convenient for everyone.^[45] Smith and the other Mormons resettled in Nauvoo, Illinois beginning in 1839. John Whitmer (1802–1878) was an early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement. ... There is also a Nauvoo, Alabama, and a Nauvoo, Pennsylvania Nauvoo (נָאווּ to be beautiful, Sephardi Hebrew NÃ¥vu, Tiberian Hebrew Nâwû) is a city in Hancock County, Illinois, United States. ...

Post evacuation

On the rainy evening of May 6, 1842, Governor Boggs was shot by an unknown party who fired at him through a window as he read a newspaper in his study. Boggs was hit by large buckshot in four places: Two balls were lodged in his skull, another lodged in his neck, and a fourth entered his throat, whereupon Boggs swallowed it. Several doctors—Boggs' brother among them—pronounced Boggs as good as dead; at least one newspaper ran an obituary. To everyone's great surprise, Boggs not only survived, but gradually improved. is the 126th day of the year (127th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

Meanwhile, the crime was investigated. Sheriff J.H. Reynolds discovered a revolver at the scene, still loaded with buckshot. He surmised that the perpetrator had fired upon Boggs and lost his firearm in the night when the weapon recoiled due to its unusually large shot. The gun was found to have been stolen from a local shopkeeper, who identified "that hired man of Ward's" as the most likely culprit. Reynolds determined the man in question was Orrin Porter Rockwell, a close associate of the Mormon prophet Joseph Smith, Jr.. However, Reynolds was unable to capture Rockwell. rEVOLVEr (2004) is the fourth studio album release by Swedish thrash metal band The Haunted. ... Orrin Porter Rockwell (nicknamed Old Port and labelled the Destroying Angel of Mormondom) (born either June 28, 1813, or June 25, 1815, died June 8, 1878), was a colorful figure of the Wild West period of American History, and a law man in the Utah Territory. ... Joseph Smith, Jr. ...

Some Mormons saw the assassination attempt positively: An anonymous contributor to The Wasp, a pro-Mormon newspaper in Nauvoo, Illinois, wrote on May 28 that "Boggs is undoubtedly killed according to report; but who did the noble deed remains to be found out."^{[citation needed]} Rockwell denied involvement in oblique terms, stating that he had "done nothing criminal" —although it is debatable whether he would consider shooting the hated former governor a crime. The Wasp (often referred to as Nauvoo Wasp) was a weekly newspaper edited and published by Latter Day Saint Apostle William Smith in Nauvoo, Illinois from April 1842 to April 1843. ... There is also a Nauvoo, Alabama, and a Nauvoo, Pennsylvania Nauvoo (נָאווּ to be beautiful, Sephardi Hebrew NÃ¥vu, Tiberian Hebrew Nâwû) is a city in Hancock County, Illinois, United States. ... May 28 is the 148th day of the year (149th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Also at about this time, John C. Bennett, a disaffected Mormon, reported that Smith had offered a cash reward to anyone who would assassinate Boggs, and that Smith had admitted to him that Rockwell had done the deed. He went on to say that Rockwell had made a veiled threat against Bennett's life if he publicised the story. Joseph Smith vehemently denied Bennett's account, speculating that Boggs—no longer governor, but campaigning for state senate—was attacked by an election opponent. Mormon writer Monte B. McLaws, in the Missouri Historical Review, supported Smith, averring that while there was no clear finger pointing to anyone, Governor Boggs was running for election against several violent men, all capable of the deed, and that there was no particular reason to suspect Rockwell of the crime. This opinion was not shared by Rockwell's most noted biographer, Harold Schindler. Whatever the case, the following year Rockwell was arrested, tried, and acquitted of the attempted murder (Bushman, p. 468), although most of Boggs' contemporaries remained convinced of his guilt. Engraving of John C. Bennett in a Napoleon-like pose as General of the Nauvoo Legion. ...

Rescinded in 1976

Although the Extermination Order technically became inoperative with an end to the state of war and the surrender of Mormon leaders on November 1, it continued to dignify forced removal of the Mormons by unauthorized citizens. The legislature tabled an appeal by Mormon leaders to rescind it, and nearly all Mormons, more than 10,000 were driven from the state by the spring of 1839. The extermination order was formally rescinded by Governor Christopher S. Bond on June 25, 1976, 137 years after being signed. In late 1975, RLDS (now Community of Christ) Far West, Missouri Stake President Lyman F. Edwards invited Governor Bond to participate in the RLDS annual stake conference in 1976 as a good-will gesture for the bicentennial celebration of the U.S. Declaration of Independence.^[46] In his address at that conference, Bond presented an Executive Order:^[47] Christopher Samuel Kit Bond (born March 6, 1939 in St. ... is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1976 Pick up sticks(MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... It has been suggested that Community of Christ membership statistics be merged into this article or section. ... Far West, Missouri, was a Latter Day Saint (Mormon) settlement in Caldwell County, Missouri. ... // The United States Declaration of Independence was an act of the Second Continental Congress, adopted on July 4, 1776, which declared that the Thirteen Colonies were independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain. ...

WHEREAS, on October 27, 1838, the Governor of the State of Missouri, Lilburn W. Boggs, signed an order calling for the extermination or expulsion of Mormons from the State of Missouri; and

WHEREAS, Governor Boggs' order clearly contravened the rights to life, liberty, property and religious freedom as guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States, as well as the Constitution of the State of Missouri; and

WHEREAS, in this bicentennial year as we reflect on our nation's heritage, the exercise of religious freedom is without question one of the basic tenets of our free democratic republic;

Now, THEREFORE, I, CHRISTOPHER S. BOND, Governor of the State of Missouri, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the State of Missouri, do hereby order as follows:

Expressing on behalf of all Missourians our deep regret for the injustice and undue suffering which was caused by the 1838 order, I hereby rescind Executive Order Number 44, dated October 27, 1838, issued by Governor W. Boggs.

In witness I have hereunto set my hand and caused to be affixed the great seal of the State of Missouri, in the city of Jefferson, on this 25 day of June, 1976.

(Signed) Christopher S. Bond, Governor.

Notes

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 35th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

• Allen, James B & Glen M Leonard (1992), The Story of the Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book Company, ISBN 0-87579-565-X.
• Anderson, Richard L (1994), Clarification of Boggs’ ‘Order’ and Joseph Smith’s Constitutionalism, p. 27-43, in Arnold K Garr & Clark V Johson, eds., Regional Studies in latter-day Saint History: Missouri, Provo, Utah: Department of Church History and Doctrine, Brigham Young University, 1994.
• Arrington, Leonard J & Davis Bitton (1979), The Mormon Experience: A History of the Latter-day Saints, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, ISBN 0-394-46566-0.
• Davis, Inez Smith (1948), The Story of the Church, Herald Publishing House [link accessed 2007-05-06].
• Gentry, Leland H (1974), "The Danite Band of 1838", BYU Studies 14(4).
• Greene, John P (1839), Facts Relative to the Expulsion of the Mormons or Latter Day Saints, from the State of Missouri, under the "Exterminating Order", Cincinatti, Ohio: R. P. Brooks [link accessed 2006-12-31].
• Hartley, William G (2001), "Missouri's 1838 Extermination Order and the Mormons' Forced Removal to Illinois", Mormon Historical Studies 2(1): 5–27.
• LeSueur, Stephen C. (1987), The 1838 Mormon War In Missouri, Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, ISBN 0-8262-0729-4.
• Roberts, Brigham H (1900), The Missouri Persecutions.
• Roberts, Brigham H (1965), A Comprehensive History of the Church, vol. 1.
• Roberts, Brigham H (1965), A Comprehensive History of the Church, vol. 2.
• Smith, Joseph (1948), History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, vol. 3, Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book Company.
• Smith, Joseph Jr.; Sidney Rigdon & Hyrum Smith (1840), An appeal to the American people : being an account of the persecutions of the Church of Latter Day Saints, and of the barbarities inflicted on them by the inhabitants of the state of Missouri, Cincinnati, Oh: Shepard and Stearns.
• Quinn, D. Michael (1994), The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Salt Lake City, Utah: Signature Books, ISBN 1560850566.

Brigham Henry Roberts Brigham Henry Roberts (March 13, 1857–September 27, 1933) (commonly known as B. H. Roberts) was a leader, historian, and defender of the faith of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. ... Brigham Henry Roberts Brigham Henry Roberts (March 13, 1857–September 27, 1933) (commonly known as B. H. Roberts) was a leader, historian, and defender of the faith of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. ... Brigham Henry Roberts Brigham Henry Roberts (March 13, 1857–September 27, 1933) (commonly known as B. H. Roberts) was a leader, historian, and defender of the faith of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. ...

See also

• Mormon War (1838 Missouri)
• Mormon Exodus (1846-1857)
• Pogrom

The Mormon War is a name sometimes given to the 1838 conflict which occurred between Latter-day Saints (Mormons) and their neighbors in the northwestern region of the U.S. state of Missouri. ... A commemorative statue of mormon pioneers. ... Pogrom (from Russian: ; from громить IPA: - to wreak havoc, to demolish violently) is a form of riot directed against a particular group, whether ethnic, religious or other, and characterized by destruction of their homes, businesses and religious centers. ...

External links

• Full text of the extermination order
• Text of both the Extermination Order and Bond's Executive Order.
• The Reed Peck Manuscript, first-hand account of events leading up to the Extermination Order
• Another attempt to provide historical context to the Extermination Order and subsequent events: http://www.thedigitalvoice.com/enigma/1902LinD.htm#pg200a
• Mormon War Letters, the battle correspondence leading up to, and including, the Extermination Order - presented by LDS historian Mel Tungate.

v • d • e Mormon War
Temple Lot * Evening and Morning Star * Zion's Camp * Caldwell County, Missouri * Far West, Missouri * Adam-ondi-Ahman * Danite * Salt sermon * Rigdon's July 4th oration * Gallatin election day battle * Battle of Crooked River * Extermination order * Haun's Mill massacre * Liberty Jail * Boggs Assassination Attempt The Mormon War is a name sometimes given to the 1838 conflict which occurred between Latter-day Saints (Mormons) and their neighbors in the northwestern region of the U.S. state of Missouri. ... A view of the Temple Lot with the Community of Christs Auditorium in the background. ... The Evening and Morning Star was an early Latter Day Saint periodical published monthly in Independence, Missouri from June 1832 to May 1833, and then in Kirtland, Ohio from June 1833 to September 1834. ... Zions Camp is the name given to an important group of early Latter Day Saints or Mormons. ... Caldwell County is a county located in the state of Missouri. ... Far West, Missouri, was a Latter Day Saint (Mormon) settlement in Caldwell County, Missouri. ... Adam-ondi-Ahman is a historic site along the east bank of the Grand River in Daviess County, Missouri. ... The Danite were a fraternal organization founded by Latter Day Saints in June of 1838 , at Far West in Caldwell County, Missouri. ... An oration delivered on June 17, 1838 by Mormon leader, Sidney Rigdon, against Mormon dissenters. ... An oration delivered by Mormon leader Sidney Rigdon during a 4th of July celebration in Far West, Missouri in 1838. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Mormon War. ... The Battle of Crooked River was a skirmish between Mormon forces and a faction of the state militia of Missouri under the command of Methodist minister Samuel Bogart. ... A stone from Hauns Mill, at one time used as a memorial at the site of the massacre. ... Liberty Jail is a prison in Liberty, Missouri where Joseph Smith, Jr. ... Lilburn W. Boggs (1796-1860) was the Governor of Missouri from 1836 to 1840. ...