Extreme physical information (EPI) is a principle, discovered by B. Roy Frieden, for discovering scientific laws taking the form of differential equations and probability distribution functions. Examples include the Schrödinger wave equation and the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law. B. Roy Frieden is a mathematical physicist living in Tucson, Arizona, in the United States. ... Graph of a differential equation In mathematics, a differential equation is an equation in which the derivatives of a function appear as variables. ... In mathematics, a probability distribution assigns to every interval of the real numbers a probability, so that the probability axioms are satisfied. ... In physics, the Schrödinger equation, proposed by the Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger in 1925, describes the time-dependence of quantum mechanical systems. ... The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution is a probability distribution with applications in physics and chemistry. ...

The EPI principle builds on the well known idea that the observation of a "source" phenomenon is never completely accurate. That is, information present in the source is inevitably lost when observing the source. Moreover, the random errors that contaminate the observations are presumed to define the probability distribution function of the source phenomenon. That is, "the physics lies in the fluctuations." Finally, the information loss can be shown to be an extreme value. Thus, if the Fisher information in the data is I, and the Fisher information in the source is J, the EPI principle states that I - J = extremum. The extremum for most situations is a minimum, meaning that there is a comforting tendency for any observation to describe its source faithfully. In statistics and information theory, the Fisher information (denoted ), named in honor of the geneticist and statistician Ronald Fisher, is the variance of the score. ...

Frieden (2004) employs EPI to derive most fundamental laws of physics, as well as some established principles and new laws of biology, the biophysics of cancer growth, chemistry, and economics. Fisher information, in particular the loss I - J resutling from observation, is a powerful new method for deriving laws governing many aspects of nature and human society. Biology is a branch of science, dealing with the study of life. ... Biophysics (also biological physics) is an interdisciplinary science that applies the theories and methods of physical sciences to questions of biology. ... When normal cells are damaged beyond repair, they are eliminated by apoptosis. ... Multicolored chemicals are frequent hallmarks of chemistry. ... Buyers bargain for good prices while sellers put forth their best front in Chichicastenango Market, Guatemala. ...

Reference

• B. Roy Frieden, 2004. Science from Fisher Information, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press.

B. Roy Frieden is a mathematical physicist living in Tucson, Arizona, in the United States. ...

External link

• B. Roy Frieden, "Fisher Information, a New Paradigm for Science: Introduction, Uncertainty principles, Wave equations, Ideas of Escher, Kant, Plato and Wheeler." This essay is continually revised in the light of ongoing research.