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The Douglas F3D Skyknight, (later F-10 Skyknight) was a twin engine, mid wing jet fighter manufactured by the Douglas Aircraft Company in El Segundo, California. The F3D was designed as a carrier-based all-weather aircraft. It saw service with the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps, downing several MiG-15s over Korea, and serving as an electronic warfare platform in the Vietnam conflict. The aircraft is sometimes unofficially called "Skynight", dropping the second "k". Download high resolution version (810x538, 86 KB)Photo of F3D Skynight taken by me on board USS Intrepid in August 2003. ...
The deck of USS Intrepid The USS Intrepid The Entrance to the Sea-Air-Space Museum The Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum is a museum in New York City located at Pier 86 on the West Side of Manhattan. ...
An A-10 Thunderbolt II, F-86 Sabre, P-38 Lightning and P-51 Mustang fly in formation during an air show at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia. ...
An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing, building, testing, selling, and maintaining aircraft, aircraft parts, missiles, rockets, and/or spacecraft. ...
The Douglas Aircraft Company was founded by Donald Wills Douglas, Sr. ...
The Maiden flight of an aircraft is the first occasion on which an aircraft leaves the ground of its own accord. ...
is the 82nd day of the year (83rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
This is a list of aviation-related events from 1948: Events January January 17 - BOAC begins to replace flying boat routes with the Lockheed Constellation March the Israeli Air Force is formed, with the new state of Israel March 10 - VF-5 becomes the first US Navy carrier squadron to...
This is a list of aviation-related events from 1951: Events February February 21 - an English Electric Canberra becomes the first jet to make an unrefuelled crossing of the Atlantic, taking 4 hours 37 minutes March March 6 - the Martin aircraft company gains production rights to the English Electric Canberra...
This is a list of aviation-related events from 1970: Events January January 31 - Mikhail Mil dies, aged 61 February February 17-18 - US Air Force Laos. ...
USN redirects here. ...
The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is a branch of the United States military responsible for providing power projection from the sea,[1] utilizing the mobility of the U.S. Navy to rapidly deliver combined-arms task forces. ...
The Douglas F6D Missileer was a proposed carrier-based air-defense fighter aircraft, designed in response to a 1957 US Navy requirement. ...
The Douglas Aircraft Company was founded by Donald Wills Douglas, Sr. ...
El Segundo is also the name of a champion Australian racehorse. ...
USN redirects here. ...
The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is a branch of the United States military responsible for providing power projection from the sea,[1] utilizing the mobility of the U.S. Navy to rapidly deliver combined-arms task forces. ...
Design and development
The F3D was not a typical sleek and nimble fighter, but as a night fighter packing a powerful radar system and 2nd crew member, it was not intended to be. It originated in 1945 with a U.S. Navy requirement for a jet-powered radar-equipped carrier-based night fighter. The Douglas team led by Ed Heinemann designed around the bulky air intercept radar systems of the time, with side-by-side seating for the pilot and radar operator [1]. The result was an airplane with a broad, deep, and roomy fuselage. Instead of ejection seats, an escape tunnel was used, similar to the A-3 Skywarrior[1]. Edward Henry Heinemann (b. ...
The Douglas A-3 Skywarrior was a strategic bomber built for the United States Navy, and among the longest serving; it entered service in the mid 1950s and was not retired until 1991. ...
Power was provided by two Westinghouse J34 turbojets mounted in the roots of then-standard straight wings of the early jet era. The F3D was not much of a dogfighter. Instead, it was a stable platform for its radar system and the four 20 mm cannon mounted in the lower fuselage.[citation needed] The US Navy awarded Douglas a contract for three XF3D-1 prototype aircraft on April 3, 1946. (The losing design from Grumman evolved into the F9F Panther.)[citation needed] The Grumman logo The Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation, later Grumman Aerospace Corporation, was a leading producer of military and civilian aircraft of the 20th century. ...
The American Grumman F9F Panther was the manufacturers first jet fighter and the U.S. Navys second. ...
The radar system in the F3D-1 was the Westinghouse AN/APQ-35. The AN/APQ-35 was a combination of three different radars, each performing separate functions: a search radar, a tracking radar, and a tail warning radar.[citation needed] The complexity of this radar system, which was produced before the advent of semi-conductor electronics, required intensive maintenance to keep it operating fully.[citation needed]
First flight of the XF3D-1 occurred on March 23, 1948 [2]. A production contract for twenty-eight F3D-1 prodction aircraft soon followed in June 1948. The F3D-1 was followed by the F3D-2, which was first ordered in August 1949. The F3D-2 was intended to have Westinghouse J46 engines in enlarged nacelles to replace the J34--WE-32 engines of the F3D-1. Development problems with the J46 lead to F3D-2 aircraft being fitted with J34-WE-36 engines instead. The F3D-2 also incorporated an improved Westinghouse AN/APQ-36 radar system. 237 F3D-2s were built before production ended on March 23, 1952. A higher performance F3D-3 version with swept wings and J46 engines was planned, but was cancelled when the trouble-plagued J46 engine program was terminated.
 F3D Skyknight at Pima Air Museum, Tucson, AZ Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 368 pixelsFull resolution (1599 × 735 pixel, file size: 213 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Douglas F3D Skynight at Pima Air Museum, Tucson, AZ File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 368 pixelsFull resolution (1599 × 735 pixel, file size: 213 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Douglas F3D Skynight at Pima Air Museum, Tucson, AZ File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects...
Operational Service The few F3D-1 aircraft were used primarily to train F3D crews and did not see combat. F3D-2 aircraft, however, saw extensive service during the Korean War in land-based U.S. Marine Corps squadron VMF(N)-513.[citation needed] They were used as escort fighters, accompanying B-29 Superfortress bombers on night raids. They also flew nighttime intercept and interdiction missions. By the end of the war, Skyknights had shot down six enemy aircraft (one Polikarpov Po-2 and five Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15) without a loss.[3] The first air-to-air victory occurred on 3 November 1952 in a United States Marine Corps F3D-2 piloted by Major William T. Stratton, Jr. and radar operator Master Sergeant Hans C. Hoglind of VMF(N)-513.[3] Combatants United Nations: Republic of Korea Australia Belgium Canada Colombia Ethiopia France Greece Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand Philippines South Africa Thailand Turkey United Kingdom United States Medical staff: Denmark Italy Norway Sweden Communist: Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Peoples Republic of China Soviet Union Commanders Syngman Rhee Chung...
The Boeing B-29 Superfortress was a four-engine heavy bomber propeller aircraft flown by the United States Army Air Forces in World War II and other military organizations afterwards. ...
Airworthy Po-2 in Soviet markings at the Moscow MAKS air show The Polikarpov U-2 or Po-2 served as a general-purpose Soviet biplane, nicknamed Kukuruznik (Russian: , from Russian kukuruza (кукуруза) for maize)[1]. The reliable, uncomplicated and forgiving aircraft, powered by a 99 hp (74 kW) Shvetsov air...
The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 (Russian: ) (NATO reporting name Fagot) was a jet fighter developed for the USSR by Artem Mikoyan and Mikhail Gurevich. ...
is the 307th day of the year (308th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1952 (MCMLII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is a branch of the United States military responsible for providing power projection from the sea,[1] utilizing the mobility of the U.S. Navy to rapidly deliver combined-arms task forces. ...
Insignia of a Major in the United States Military Major is a rank used in the United States Army, United States Air Force, and United States Marine Corps, and is the equivalent of a Lieutenant Commander in the United States Navy and United States Coast Guard. ...
United States Master Sergeant insignia U.S. Marine Corps Master Sergeant insignia U.S. Army Master Sergeant insignia U.S. Air Force A Master Sergeant is: the eighth enlisted rank in the United States Marine Corps, just above Gunnery Sergeant, below Master Gunnery Sergeant, Sergeant Major, and Sergeant Major of...
Marine Attack Squadron 513 (Flying Nightmares) falls under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 13, based out of Marine Corps Air Station Yuma, Arizona. ...
In the years after the Korean War, the F3D was gradually replaced by more powerful aircraft with better radar systems. The F3D's career was not over though; its stability and spacious fuselage made it easily adaptable to other roles. The F3D (under the designations F3D-1M and F3D-2M) was used to support development of a number of air-to-air missile systems during the 1950s, including the Sparrow I, II, and III and Meteor missiles[citation needed]. A RIM-7 Sea Sparrow being launched from the USS Essex (LHD-2). ...
The F3D-2M was the first operational Navy jet aircraft to be fitted with an air-to-air missile, the Sparrow I, a missile that used beam riding guidance for the aircrew to control the flight of the missile. Only 38 aircraft (12 F3D-1Ms, and 16 F3D-2Ms) were made able to use the missiles.[citation needed]
In the late 1950s, a number of the Marine F3D-2 aircraft were re-configured as electronic warfare aircraft and were designated F3D-2Q (later EF-10B). Also, a few aircraft were converted for use as trainers and were designated F3D-2T.
Skyknights continued service through the 1960s in gull white color scheme, when their contemporaries had long since been retired. In 1962, when the U.S. Navy and U.S. Air Force unified their designation systems, the F3D-1 was redesignated F-10A and the F3D-2 was redesignated F-10B. EF-10Bs served in the electronic countermeasures role during the Vietnam War until 1969. The U.S. Marine Corps retired its last EF-10Bs in 1970. Some aircraft continued flying as testbeds for Raytheon until the 1980s.[citation needed] Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam People’s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000...
Raytheon Company (NYSE: RTN) is a major American defense contractor and industrial corporation with core manufacturing concentrations in defense systems and defense and commercial electronics. ...
When the U.S. Navy issued a requirement for a fleet defense missile fighter in 1959, Douglas responded with the F6D Missileer, essentially an updated and enlarged F3D that would carry the AAM-N-10 Eagle long-range missile with the most important characteristics being able to carry a large load of fuel, crew of two, and sophisticated electronics rather than speed or maneuverability. This concept was soon cancelled, but the missile system would later evolve into the AWG-9/Phoenix by the F-14 Tomcat which could swing its wing straight forward for loiter. The general engine and wing configuration would also re-appear on the Northrop A-9 contender for the AX. The Douglas F6D Missileer was a proposed carrier-based air-defense fighter aircraft, designed in response to a 1957 US Navy requirement. ...
Although relatively obscure by comparison with the Sabre or Mig-15, it was recently the subject of a Dogfights television episode in 2007, where one downed a Mig-15 at night on an escort mission.
Variants - XF3D-1
- Three prototypes with two J-34-WE-32 engines and four nose mounted cannons.
- F3D-1
- Production model with two J-34-WE-24 engines, redesignated F-10A in 1962, 28 built.
- F3D-1M
- F3D-1 conversions as missile carriers.
- F3D-2
- Updated version with two J-34-WE-36, -36A or -28 engines in an enlarged nacelles, redesignated F-10B in 1962, 237 built.
- F3D-2B
- F3D-2 modified to carry MK-7 and MK-12 Special Weapons.
- F3D-2M
- F3D-2 modified as missile carriers with provision for four Sparrow missiles, redesignated MF-10B in 1962, 16 conversions.
- F3D-2Q
- F3D-2 converted for electronic reconnaiassance, redesignatged EF-10B in 1962, 30 conversions.
- F3D-2T
- F3D-2 converted as radar trainers.
- F3D-2T2
- An upgrade to F3D-2Ts, redesignated TF-10B in 1962.
- F3D-3
- Projected version of F3D-2 with swept wings, 287 cancelled.
- F-10A
- F3D-1 redesignated in 1962.
- F-10B
- F3D-2 redesignated in 1962.
- EF-10B
- F3D-2Q redesignated in 1962.
- MF-10B
- F3D-2M redesignated in 1962.
- TF-10B
- F3D-2T2 redesignated in 1962.
Operators
 United States Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ...
The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is a branch of the United States military responsible for providing power projection from the sea,[1] utilizing the mobility of the U.S. Navy to rapidly deliver combined-arms task forces. ...
USN redirects here. ...
Specifications (F3D-2) Data from Standard Aircraft Characteristics F3D-2 "Skyknight" [4] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
General characteristics - Crew: 2
- Length: 45 ft 5 in (13.85 m)
- Wingspan: 50 ft 0 in (15.24 m)
- Height: 16 ft 1 in (4.90 m)
- Wing area: 400 ft² (37.2 m²)
- Empty weight: 14,989 lb (6,813 kg)
- Loaded weight: 21,374 lb (9,715 kg)
- Max takeoff weight: 26,731 lb (12,151 kg)
- Powerplant: 2× Westinghouse J34-WE-36 turbojets, 3,400 lbf (15.1 kN) each
Performance - Maximum speed: 460 knots (529 mph, 852 km/h)
- Cruise speed: 395 knots (454 mph, 731 km/h)
- Stall speed: 80.6 knots (93 mph, 149 km/h)
- Range: 1,195 nm (1,374 mi, 2,212 km) (with 2 x 150 gallon tanks)
- Service ceiling: 36,700 ft (11,200 m)
- Rate of climb: 2,970 ft/min (15.1 m/s)
- Wing loading: 53.4 lb/ft² (383 kg/m²)
- Thrust/weight: 0.32
Armament - Guns: 4× 20 mm (0.787 in) Hispano-Suiza M2 cannon, 200 rounds/gun
- Missiles: 4× Sparrow I air-to-air missiles (F3D-2M)
- Bombs: 2 x 2000 lb (909 kg) bombs
The distance AB is the wing span of this Aer Lingus Airbus A320. ...
In aviation, the Maximum Take-Off Weight (or MTOW) is the maximum weight with which an aircraft is allowed to try to achieve flight. ...
Turbojets are the simplest and oldest kind of general purpose jet engines. ...
V speeds are speeds that define certain performance and limiting characteristics of an aircraft. ...
Airspeed Indicator in a light aircraft The VC of an aircraft is the V speed which refers to the velocity of cruising. ...
Stall speed is an aerodynamic term. ...
The maximal total range is the distance an aircraft can fly between takeoff and landing, as limited by fuel capacity in powered aircraft, or cross-country speed and environmental conditions in unpowered aircraft. ...
In aeronautics, the service ceiling is the maximum density altitude where the best rate of climb airspeed will produce a 100 feet per minute climb(twin engine) and 50 feet(single engine) at maximum weight while in a clean configuration with maximum continuous power. ...
This page is a candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. ...
In aerodynamics, wing loading is the loaded weight of the aircraft divided by the area of the wing. ...
Thrust-to-weight ratio (where weight means weight at the Earths surface) is a dimensionless parameter characteristic of rocket and jet engines, and of vehicles propelled by such engines (typically space launch vehicles and jet aircraft). ...
The Hispano-Suiza HS.404 20 mm autocannon was one of the most widely used aircraft weapons of the 20th century, used by British, American, French, and many other military services. ...
M242 Bushmaster autocannon on an M2 Bradley. ...
A RIM-7 Sea Sparrow being launched from the USS Essex (LHD-2). ...
A US Navy VF-103 Jolly Rogers F-14 Tomcat fighter launches an AIM-54 Phoenix long-range air-to-air missile. ...
References - Notes
- ^ a b Donald 1997, p. 365
- ^ The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft, page 1559
- ^ a b Grossnick, Roy A. and Armstrong William J. United States Naval Aviation, 1910–1995. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Historical Center, 1997. ISBN 0-16049-124-X.
- ^ [1] Standard Aircraft Characteristics F3D-2 "Skyknight" Naval Historical Centre, Access date: 23 June 2007
- Bibliography
- Andrade, John M. U.S.Military Aircraft Designations and Serials since 1909. Midland Counties Publications, 1979, ISBN 0 904597 22 9
- Donald, David, ed. The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. London: Aerospace Publishing, 1997. ISBN 1-85605-375-X.
- Francillon, René. McDonnell Douglas Aircraft Since 1920: Volume I. London: Putnam, 1979. ISBN 0-87021-428-4.
- Goebel, Greg. The Douglas F3D Skyknight. Vectorsite. [2] Access date: 19 October 2005.
- Heinemann, Edward H. and Rausa, Rosario. Ed Heinemann - Combat Aircraft Designer. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1980. ISBN 0-87021-797-6.
- The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985). London: Orbis Publishing, 1985.
- Jones, Lloyd. U.S. Naval Fighters: 1922 to 1980s. Fallbrook, California: Aero Publishers, 1977. ISBN 0-8168-9254-7.
- Jones, Lloyd. U.S. Fighters: Army-Air Force 1925 to 1980s. Fallbrook, California: Aero Publishers, 1975. ISBN 0-8168-9200-8.
External links
Related content Related development Comparable aircraft Designation sequence - pre-1962 U.S Navy: XFD - (FD) - (F2D) - F3D - F4D - F5D - F6D
- post-1962 Tri-Service: YF-7 - F-8 - F-9 - F-10 - F-11 - YF-12 - F-14
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The Douglas Skystreak (the D-558-1) was designed in 1945 by the Douglas Aircraft Company for the U.S. Navy Bureau of Aeronautics, in conjunction with the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). ...
Douglas Skyrocket D-558-II The Douglas Skyrocket (the D-558-2) was a rocket-powered research aircraft built by the Douglas Aircraft Company for the U.S. Navy. ...
The Douglas X-3 Stiletto was an experimental jet aircraft with a slender fuselage and a long tapered nose, manufactured by the Douglas Aircraft Company. ...
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