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The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) defines the main directories and their contents in Linux and other Unix-like computer operating systems. All files and directories appear under the root directory "/", even if stored on different physical devices. Directories defined by the FHS include:

Directory Description
/bin/ Essential command binaries for all users (e.g., cat, ls, cp)
/boot/ Boot loader files (e.g., kernels, initrd)
/dev/ Essential devices (e.g., /dev/null)
/etc/ Host-specific system-wide configuration files (from et cetera)
  • /etc/opt/
Configuration files for /opt/
  • /etc/X11/ (optional)
Configuration files for the X Window System, version 11
  • /etc/sgml/ (optional)
Configuration files for SGML
  • /etc/xml/ (optional)
Configuration files for XML
/home/ (optional) Users' home directories
/lib/ Libraries essential for the binaries in /bin/ and /sbin/
/mnt/ Temporarily mounted filesystems
/media/ Mount points for removable media such as CD-ROMs (appeared in FHS-2.3)
/opt/ Static application software packages
/proc/ Virtual filesystem documenting kernel and process status, mostly text files (e.g., uptime, network)
/root/ (optional) Home directory for the root user
/sbin/ Essential binaries for root (e.g., init, route, ifup) (superuser binaries)
/tmp/ (optional) Temporary files
/usr/ Secondary hierarchy for shareable, read-only (user) data
  • /usr/bin/
Same as for top-level hierarchy
  • /usr/include/
Standard include files
  • /usr/lib/
Same as for top-level hierarchy
  • /usr/sbin/
Same as for top-level hierarchy
  • /usr/share/
Architecture-independent (shared) data
  • /usr/src/ (optional)
Source code
  • /usr/X11R6/ (optional)
X Window System, Version 11 Release 6
  • /usr/local/
Tertiary hierarchy for local data installed by the system administrator
/var/ Variable files, such as logs and temporary files

External links

  • Home of the FHS standard (http://www.pathname.com/fhs/)

  Results from FactBites:
 
Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (161 words)
mailing list is available to discuss interpretations of the FHS document and of possible future changes and additions.
To be regarded seriously, proposals should include a unified patch to the sgml source (create the attachment after you've opened the bug, please do not cut-and-paste patches into comments).
The process is overseen by FHS editors, Rusty Russell, Daniel Quinlan, and Christopher Yeoh.
Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (6982 words)
Local placement of local files is a local issue, so FHS does not attempt to usurp system administrators.
FHS addresses issues where file placements need to be coordinated between multiple parties such as local sites, distributions, applications, documentation, etc.
FHS added this recommendation on the basis of historical precedent and common practice, but did not make it a requirement because system administration is not within the scope of this standard.
  More results at FactBites »


 
 

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