Fabre-Nicholas Geffrard (1806-1878) was a general in the Haitian army as well as Haitian president from 1859 until his deposition in 1867. Fabre-Nicholas Geffrard was born in Anse-a-Veau in 1806 to Nicholas Geffrard, a former soldier during the Haitian Revolution under Rigaud and governor of the South. After collaborating in a coup to remove Faustin Soulouque from power and returning Haiti back to republican rule, Geffrard was made president in 1859. 1806 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Since 1995, when the HNP was created to bring public security under civilian control as mandated in Haitis constitution, more than 6,000 police officers have completed training in modern law enforcement. ... 1859 (MDCCCLIX) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar). ... 1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Combatants Haiti France Strength Regular army: up to 55,000 Volunteers: up to 100,000 Regular army: 60,000 86 warships and frigates Casualties Unknown military deaths Civilian deaths: up to 100,000 5,000-6,000 dead 15,000 wounded 10,000 died of yellow fever epidemic Civilian deaths... Portrait of Faustin Soulouque 1782-1867 Faustin-Élie Soulouque (1782? - August 6, 1867) was a career officer and general in the Haitian army. ...

Presidency

His first act as president was to cut the army in half from 30,000 to 15,000. He also formed his own presidential guards called the Les Tirailleurs de la Guarde, who were trained under him personally. In June 1859, Geffrard founded the National Law School and reinstituted the Medical School that Boyer began. His ministers of Education, Jean Simon Elie-Dubois and Francois Elie-Dubois modernized and spread many Lyceum in Jacmel, Jeremie, St.Marc, and Gonaives. On October 10, 1863, he reintroduced the colonial law that required the roads to be built and maintained. He also followed Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Alexandre Pétion and Boyer policy of recruiting African Americans to settle in Haiti. In May 1861, a group of African Americans, led by James Theodore Holly, settled east of Croix-des-Boiquets. However, by 1862, Geffrard began to examine the constitution and eliminated the legislature to his own benefit. He first gave himself a raise, 2 plantations, and paid his personal luxury with hospital funds and army funds. People Carl Benjamin Boyer (1906-1976), historian of mathematics Charles Boyer (1897-1978), French actor Chris Boyer Morning disk Jokey on San Diegos 101. ... A lyceum can be an educational institution (often a school of secondary education in Europe), or a public hall used for cultural events like concerts. ... Jacmel is a city in southern Haïti. ... Jeremie is the name of: Jeremie, a city in Haiti. ... Gonaïves is a city in northern Haiti, the capital of Artibonite department. ... Jean-Jacques Dessalines Jean-Jacques Dessalines (September 20, 1758–October 17, 1806) was a leader of the Haitian Revolution and an Emperor of Haiti (1804–1806 under the name of Jacques I). ... Alexandre Sabès Pétion (April 2, 1770 – March 29, 1818) was President of the southern Republic of Haiti from 1806 until his death. ... People Carl Benjamin Boyer (1906-1976), historian of mathematics Charles Boyer (1897-1978), French actor Chris Boyer Morning disk Jokey on San Diegos 101. ... African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans or black Americans, are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Sub-Saharan and West Africa. ... African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans or black Americans, are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Sub-Saharan and West Africa. ... A plantation is an intentional planting of a crop, on a larger scale, usually for uses other than cereal production or pasture. ...

The Fight Against Voodoo

Geffrard was a Catholic, which made him renounced any form of the Voodoo faith. He gave orders to demolish altars, drums, and any other instruments used in ceremonies. In 1863, a six-year-old girl was killed by Voodoo practitioners in a gruesome fashion. Geffrard ordered a hard investigation and a public execution was held. This case became the famous Affaire De Bizoton, which was featured in a British minister's best-selling book. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Diplomacy

In 1859, Geffrard made the first attempt in negotiating with the Dominican Republic under the regime of Pedro Santana. Unfortunately, in March 1861, Pedro gave his country back to Queen Isabella II of Spain, thus making Haitian officials nervous of a European power back on their borders. In May of that year, guerilla war broke out in Santo Domingo against Spain. Geffrard sent his personal guards and men to help out the rebels against Spanish troops but in July 1861, Spain gave Haiti a ultimatum for participating and supporting the Dominican rebels. In the end, Geffrard agreed to surrender to Spain requests and dropped all intervention within Spain territory in the east. This episode left many Haitians humiliated and angry at Geffrard because he backed down to a European nation while Faustin Soulouque would've never accepted it. Dominican soldier and politician. ... This article is about the continent. ... Santo Domingo from space, May 1992 Plaza Colón Santo Domingo de Guzmán, population 2,061,200 (2003), estimated 2,253,437 in 2006, is the capital and the largest city of the Dominican Republic. ... Portrait of Faustin Soulouque 1782-1867 Faustin-Élie Soulouque (1782? - August 6, 1867) was a career officer and general in the Haitian army. ...

Geffrard, like all Haitians, supported the abolitionist movement in the U.S., holding a state funeral for John Brown. With the secession of the slave-owning Southern states in the American Civil War, Haiti was granted diplomatic recognition by the United States. During the war, Spanish and British colonial officials in Cuba, the Bahamas and neighboring Santo Domingo openly sided with the Confederacy, harboring Confederate commerce-raiders and blockade-runners. By contrast, Haiti was the one part of the Caribbean (with the exception of Danish St. Thomas) where the U.S. Navy was welcome, and Cap-Haïtien served as the headquarters of its West Indian Squadron, which helped maintain the Union blockade in the strategically invaluable Florida Straights. Haiti also took advantage of the war to become a major exporter of cotton to the United States, and Geffrard imported gins and technicians to increase production. However, the crops failed in 1865 and 1866, and by that point the U.S. was again exporting cotton. This article is about the abolition of slavery. ... John Brown John Brown (May 9, 1800 – December 2, 1859) was an American abolitionist, the first white abolitionist to advocate and to practice insurrection as a means to the abolition of slavery. ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert Edward Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... Santo Domingo from space, May 1992 Plaza Colón Santo Domingo de Guzmán, population 2,061,200 (2003), estimated 2,253,437 in 2006, is the capital and the largest city of the Dominican Republic. ... Motto: Deo Vindice (Latin: With God As Our Vindicator) Anthem: God Save the South (unofficial) Dixie (popular) The Bonnie Blue Flag (popular) Capital Montgomery, Alabama (February 4, 1861–May 29, 1861) Richmond, Virginia (May 29, 1861–April 2, 1865) Danville, Virginia (April 3–April 10, 1865) Largest city New Orleans... St. ... Looking into Cap-Haïtien from the northern edge of downtown Cap-Haïtien (or Le Cap) (Okap or Kapayisyen in Kréyòl) is a city of about 111,094 people (2003 census) on the north coast of Haiti. ... Categories: Stub | Straits ...

Conspiracies

By the 8th month of Geffrard's presidency, Faustin Soulouque's minster of interior, Guerrier Prophete began to lay out his plan to overthrow Geffrard. Fortunately for Geffrard, his plan was picked up by Geffrard's guards and Prophete was exiled. Portrait of Faustin Soulouque 1782-1867 Faustin-Élie Soulouque (1782? - August 6, 1867) was a career officer and general in the Haitian army. ...

• On September 1859, Geffrard's daughter Madame Cora Manneville-Blanfort was assassinated by Timoleon Vanon.
• In 1861, General Legros tried to takeover the weaponry storage but was detained by government forces.
• In 1862, Etienne Salomon tried to rally the rural community to revolt against Geffrard but was instead shot and killed.
• In 1863, Aime Legros gathered troops to overthrow Geffrard but his troops betrayed him and was shot.
• In 1864, the elite community in Port-au-Prince tried to take over the weaoponry storage but was later prosecuted and sentenced to jail.
• In 1867, Geffrard bodyguards, Tirailleurs, betrayed him and tried to assassinate him inside the national palace.

Categories: Caribbean geography stubs | Capitals in North America | Haiti ...

Too much to handle

In 1865, Major Salnave began his takeover of the North and Artibonite part of Haiti. By May 15, both Geffrard and his government troops clashed with Salnave Northern troops. After using the British Navy for gunboat diplomacy with Salnave, Geffrard regime was in ruins, especially financially. He reopened old wounds between North, West, and South Haitians and brought foreigners into domestic affairs. In 1866, a huge fire engulfed hundreds of houses and business. In March 1867, Geffrard and his family disguised themselves and fled to Jamaica, where he died in Kingston in 1878. The Royal Navy is the navy of the United Kingdom. ... The City of Kingston is the capital and largest city of Jamaica. ...