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The term facies was introduced by the Swiss geologist Amanz Gressly in 1838 and was part of his significant contribution to the foundations of modern stratigraphy (see Cross and Homewood 1997), which replaced the earlier notions of Neptunism. A geologist is a contributor to the science of geology. ...
1838 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...
Stratigraphy, a branch of geology, is basically the study of rock layers and layering (stratification). ...
Neptunism is a discredited and obsolete scientific theory of geology proposed in the late 18th century and early 19th century that proposed rocks formed from the crystallization of minerals in the early Earths oceans. ...
Definition
The simplest definition of facies is provided by Reading (1996) - 'A facies is a body of rock with specified characteristics... A facies should ideally be a distinctive rock that forms under certain conditions of sedimentation, reflecting a particular process or environment.'
Facies types
Sedimentary facies Generally, facies are distinguished by what aspect of the rock or sediment is being studied. Thus, facies based on petrological characters such as grain size and mineralogy are called lithofacies, whereas facies based on fossil content are called biofacies. Petrology is a field of geology which focuses on the study of rocks and the conditions by which they form. ...
Lithofacies may refer to: A mappable subdivision of a designated stratigraphic unit, distinguished from adjacent subdivisions on the basis of lithology; a facies characterized by particular lithologic features. ...
A paleontologist carefully chips rock from a column of dinosaur vertebrae. ...
These facies types are usually further subdivided, for example, you might refer to a "tan, cross-bedded oolitic limestone facies" or a "blueschist facies". The characteristics of the rock unit come from the depositional (or, in the case of 'blue schist', the metamorphic) environment and original composition. Sedimentary facies reflect depositional environment, each facies being a distinct kind of sediment for that area or environment. Limey shale overlaid by limestone. ...
Blueschist is a rock that forms by the metamorphism of sodium-rich basic rocks at high pressures and low temperatures, approximately corresponding to a depth of 15 to 30 kilometers and 200 to 400 degrees Celsius (cool by metamorphic standards). ...
Sedimentary, volcanic, plutonic, metamorphic rock types of North America. ...
Two types of sedimentary rock: limey shale overlaid by limestone. ...
Since its inception, the facies concept has been extended to related geological concepts. For example, characteristic associations of organic microfossils, and particulate organic material, in rocks or sediments, are called palynofacies. Discrete seismic units are similarly referred to as seismic facies. Palynofacies studies examine the preservation of particulate organic matter and palynomorphs to provide information on the depositional environment of sediments and depositional palaeoenvironments of sedimentary rocks. ...
Seismology (from the Greek seismos = earthquake and logos = word) is the scientific study of earthquakes and the movement of waves through the Earth. ...
Metamorphic facies
 Pressure-Temperature diagram of metamorphic facies The sequence of minerals that develop during progressive metamorphism (that is, metamorphism at progressivley higher temperatures) define a facies series and depend on the pressure, or range of pressures, at which the progressive metamorphism occurred. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (765x639, 43 KB)Pressure-Temperature diagram of metamorphic facies File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (765x639, 43 KB)Pressure-Temperature diagram of metamorphic facies File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Metamorphism can be defined as the mineralogical, chemical and crystallographic changes in a solid-state rock, i. ...
Walther's Law of Facies Walther's Law of Facies, named after the geologist Johannes Walther, states that the vertical succession of facies reflects lateral changes in environment. A classic example of this law is the vertical stratigraphic succession that typifies marine trangressions and regressions. However, the law is not applicable where the contact between different lithologies is non-conformable (i.e. sedimentation was not continuous), or in instances of rapid environmental change where non-adjacent environments may replace.
See also Lithofacies may refer to: A mappable subdivision of a designated stratigraphic unit, distinguished from adjacent subdivisions on the basis of lithology; a facies characterized by particular lithologic features. ...
Metamorphic rock is the result of the transformation of a pre-existing rock type, the protolith, in a process called metamorphism, which means change in form (from the Greek words meta, change, and morphe, form). The protolith is subjected to extreme heat (greater than 150 degrees Celsius) and pressure causing...
Palynofacies studies examine the preservation of particulate organic matter and palynomorphs to provide information on the depositional environment of sediments and depositional palaeoenvironments of sedimentary rocks. ...
This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. ...
Interstate road cut through limestone and shale strata in eastern Tennessee In geology and related fields, a stratum (plural: strata) is a layer of rock or soil with internally consistent characteristics that distinguishes it from contiguous layers. ...
References Cross, T. A. and Homewood, P. W., (1997), Amanz Gressly's role in founding modern stratigraphy. Geological Society of America Bulletin 109 (12) 1617-1630.
Reading, H. G. (Ed.), (1996), Sedimentary Environments and Facies. Blackwell Scientific Publications. ISBN 0632036273
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