Faience or faïence is the conventional name in English for fine tin-glazed earthenware on a delicate pale buff body. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Earthenware is a particularly common type of ceramic material and is used extensively for tableware and decorative objects. ...

History of faience

Use of the term typically describes a type of earthenware that was produced in Italy after the fifteenth century and also Egypt as early as 4000 BC ([1]). (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... (5th millennium BC – 4th millennium BC – 3rd millennium BC - other millennia) Events City of Ur in Mesopotamia (40th century BC). ...

Prehistory

The term "faience" has been extended to include finely ceramics beads found in the Indus Valley Civilization. This definition also applies to beads that were made in Predynastic Egypt, circa 4000 BC . [2]. Egyptian and earlier faience was not made of clay but rather of a ceramic composed primarily of quartz. Blue faience was manufactured by grinding quartz into a fine powder then fusing by heat with a glaze of malachite, blue azurite and powdered talc. This may have been manufactured as a subsitute for mineral turquoise. The Indus Valley Civilization (3300–1700 BCE) was an ancient civilization thriving along the Indus River and the Ghaggar-Hakra River in what is now Pakistan and Northern India. ... The Predynastic Period of Egypt (prior to 3100 BC) is the period that culminates in the rise of the Old Kingdom and the first of the thirty dynasties based on royal residences, by which Egyptologists divide the history of pharaonic civilization using a schedule laid out first by Manethos... (5th millennium BC – 4th millennium BC – 3rd millennium BC - other millennia) Events City of Ur in Mesopotamia (40th century BC). ... Quaternary clay in Estonia. ... ‹ The template below has been proposed for deletion. ... Quartz is amongst one of the most common minerals in the Earths continental crust. ... Quartz is amongst one of the most common minerals in the Earths continental crust. ... Malachite from the Democratic Republic of Congo Malachite is a carbonate mineral, copper(II) carbonate hydroxide Cu2CO3(OH)2. ... Azurite Azurite ground as a pigment Azurite crystals Azurite is a carbonate mineral with chemical composition Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2, (copper carbonate hydroxide). ... Talc block Talc is a mineral composed of hydrated magnesium silicate with the chemical formula H2Mg3(SiO3)4 or Mg3Si4O10(OH)2. ... This article is about the gem. ...

Medieval

The name is simply the French name for Faenza, in the Romagna near Ravenna, Italy, where a painted ware on a clean, opaque pure-white ground, called majolica, was produced for export as early as the fifteenth century. A kiln capable of producing high temperatures exceeding 1000° C was required to achieve this result (see pottery). Faenza is an old Italian cathedral town, situated 50 km southeast of Bologna. ... Emilia-Romagna is an administrative region of Northern Italy comprising the two historic regions of Emilia and Romagna. ... Ravenna is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. ... Majolica is earthenware with a white tin glaze, decorated by applying colorants on the raw glazed surface. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... Charcoal Kilns, California Gold Kiln, Victoria, Australia Hop kiln. ... A degree Celsius (°C) is a unit of temperature named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701-1744), who first proposed a similar system in 1742. ... Unfired green ware pottery on a traditional drying rack at Conner Prairie living history museum. ...

"Majolica" (pronounced and also spelled "maiolica") is a garbled version of "Maiorica", for the island of Majorca, which was a transshipping point for refined tin-glazed earthenwares shipped to Italy from the kingdom of Aragon in Spain at the close of the Middle Ages. This type of Spanish pottery owed much to its Moorish inheritance. Majorca (Mallorca in Catalan and Spanish, sometimes also encountered in English),: from Latin insula maior, later Maiorica, (major island) is one of the Balearic Islands (Catalan: Illes Balears, Spanish: Islas Baleares), which are located in the Mediterranean Sea and are a part of Spain. ... Capital Zaragoza Area  – Total  – % of Spain Ranked 4th  47 719 km²  9,4% Population  – Total (2003)  – % of Spain  – Density Ranked 11th  1 217 514  2,9%  25,51/km² Demonym  – English  – Spanish  Aragonese  aragonés Statute of Autonomy August 16, 1982 ISO 3166-2 AR Parliamentary representation  – Congress seats  – Senate seats... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... For the terrain type see Moor Moors is used in this article to describe the medieval Muslim inhabitants of al-Andalus and the Maghreb, whose culture is often called Moorish. For other meanings look at Moors (Meaning) or Blackamoors. ...

European faïence

The first northerners to imitate the tin-glazed earthenwares being imported from Italy were the Dutch. Delftware is a kind of faience, made at potteries round Delft in Holland, characteristically decorated in blue on white, in imitation of the blue-and-white porcelain that was imported from China in the early sixteenth century, but it quickly developed its own recognisably Dutch décor. Delft pottery design on a BA Boeing 767 Delft pottery is typically the blue and white pottery generally made in the Netherlands around the town of Delft. ... Holland is a region in the central-western part of the Netherlands. ... A figurine made of porcelain For the indie band Fine China see Fine China. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ...

Dutch potters in northern (and Protestant) Germany established German centres of faience: the first manufactories in Germany were opened at Hanau (1661) and Heusenstamm (1662), soon moved to nearby Frankfurt-am-Main. Hanau is a town in Hesse, Germany with 91,000 inhabitants. ... Frankfurt am Main [ˈfraŋkfʊrt] is the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth largest city in Germany. ...

In France, centres of faience manufacturing developed from the early eighteenth century led in 1690 by Quimper in Brittany [3], which today possesses an interesting museum devoted to faience, and followed by Rouen and Strasbourg, (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Events Giovanni Domenico Cassini observes differential rotation within Jupiters atmosphere. ... Location within France Quimper, with its vernacular architecture, is a popular tourist destination Quimper (Kemper in Breton, Corspotium in Latin) is a commune of Brittany in northwestern France. ... Location within France Rouen Cathedral The entrance to Rouen Cathedral Abbey church of Saint-Ouen, (chevet) in Rouen Rouen, medieval house Rouen (pronounced in French, sometimes also ) is the historical capital city of Normandy, in northwestern France, and presently the capital of the Haute-Normandie (Upper Normandy) région. ... City motto: – City proper (commune) Région Alsace Département Bas-Rhin (67) Mayor Fabienne Keller (UMP) (since 2001) Land area 78. ...

The products of faience manufactories, rarely marked, are identified by the usual methods of ceramic connoisseurship: the character of the body, the character and palette of the glaze, and the style of decoration, faïence blanche being left in its undecorated fired white slip. Faïence parlante bears mottoes often on decorate labels or banners. Wares for apothecary use bear the names of their intended contents, generally in Latin and often so abbreviated to be unrecognizable to the untutored eye. Mottoes of fellowships and associations became popular in the 18th century, leading to the Faïence patriotique that was a specialty of the years of the French Revolution. Glaze is a thin shiny coating, or the act of applying the coating. ... A historical re-enactor protraying a 19th century apothecary in Old Salem, North Carolina. ... Liberty Leading the People, a painting by Delacroix commemorating the July Revolution of 1830 but which has come to be generally accepted as symbolic of French popular uprisings against the monarchy in general and the French Revolution in particular. ...

In the course of the later 18th century, cheap porcelain took over the market for refined faience, and fine stoneware in the early 19th century, fired so hot the unglazed body vitrifies, closed the last of the traditional makers' ateliers even for beer steins. At the low end of the market, local manufactories continued to supply regional markets with coarse and simple wares. A figurine made of porcelain For the indie band Fine China see Fine China. ... Stoneware is a category of clay and a type of pottery distinguished primarily by its firing and maturation temperature (from about 1200°C to 1315°C). ... Beer mugs and stein A beer stein is a traditionally German beer tankard or mug, made of pewter, silver, wood, porcelain, earthenware or glassware, and usually with a hinged lid and levered thumblift. ...

Faïence revival

In the 1870s, the Aesthetic movement, notably in Britain, rediscovered the robust charm of faience, and the large porcelain manufactories marketed revived faience, such as the "Majolica ware" of Minton and of Wedgwood. The Aesthetic movement is a loosely defined movement in art and literature in later nineteenth century Britain. ... This article is about the eldest Josiah Wedgwood. ...

Many centres of traditional manufacture are recognized, even some individual ateliers. A partial list follows.

England

• Faience fine (imported into France)

France

• Aprey faience
• Lyon faience
• Lunéville faience
• Marseille faience
• Moustiers faience
• Nevers faience
• Quimper faience
• Saint-Porchaire faience

Quimper faience is a style of faience produced in a factory near Quimper, in France. ...

Germany

• Abtsbessingen faience
• Nürnberg faience
• Öttingen–Schrattenhofen faience
• Schleswig faience
• Stockelsdorf faience - de:Stockelsdorfer Fayencemanufaktur
• Stralsund faience - de:Stralsunder Fayencenmanufaktur

Italy

• Savona faience
• Turin faience

Scandinavia

• Rörstrand faience
• Strålsund faience

On-line bibliographic references

• Dunn Friedman, Florence. Magazine Antiques
• Ancient Egyptian faience, September 1998.
• German faience beer steins