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The Fairlight CMI
(Computer Musical Instrument) was the first digital sampling synthesizer. It was designed in 1978 by the founders of Fairlight, Peter Vogel and Kim Ryrie, and based on a dual microprocessor computer designed by Tony Furse in Sydney, Australia. It rose to prominence in the early 1980s. A sampler can be any of the following things: In general, a sampler is any broadly representative cross-section of some collection; for instance, food products are sometimes packaged in samplers containing a variety of chocolates or beers. ...
A synthesizer (or synthesiser) is an electronic musical instrument designed to produce electronically generated sound, using techniques such as additive, subtractive, FM, physical modelling synthesis, or phase distortion. ...
This article is about the demo/warez group. ...
A microprocessor (sometimes abbreviated µP) is a digital electronic component with transistors on a single semiconductor integrated circuit (IC). ...
This is about the city of Sydney in Australia. ...
The first buyers of the new system were Peter Gabriel, Todd Rundgren, Nick Rhodes of Duran Duran, producer Rhett Lawrence, and Stevie Wonder. Among the first commercially-released albums to incorporate it were Kate Bush's Never for Ever (1980) and Jean-Michel Jarre's Magnetic Fields (1981). Jarre also made extensive use of the instrument on his The Concerts in China (1982) and Zoolook (1984) albums. It was used on The Buggles' last album, Adventures in Modern Recording and, after his time with The Buggles, Geoff Downes went on to use it with Yes and Asia. Gabriel's "Shock the Monkey" and its parent album Security (1982) also feature the instrument. Peter Brian Gabriel (born February 13, 1950, in Chobham, Surrey, England) is an English musician. ...
Todd Harry Rundgren (born June 22, 1948 in Upper Darby, a suburb of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA) is an American musician, singer, songwriter and record producer. ...
Nick Rhodes in 1981. ...
Duran Duran are an English New Wave band notable for a long series of catchy, synthesizer-driven hit singles and vivid music videos. ...
Rhett Lawrence Producer and Songwriter Rhett Lawrence is a record producer and songwriter. ...
Stevie Wonder (born Stevland Morris[1] on May 13, 1950), is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, musician, and social activist. ...
Kate Bush (born Catherine Bush) on 30 July 1958 in Bexleyheath, Kent (now part of Greater London), is a British singer-songwriter with an expressive four-octave voice[citation needed]. She has an English father and an Irish mother. ...
Never for Ever (1980) is Kate Bushs third album. ...
Jean-Michel André Jarre (born August 24, 1948 in Lyon, France) is a French composer and producer. ...
Magnetic Fields (also known as Les Chants Magnétiques) is the third album by Jean-Michel Jarre, and was released in 1981 on Disques Dreyfus. ...
The Concerts in China is a live album by Jean-Michel Jarre, which was recorded in 1981 and released in 1982 on Disques Dreyfus. ...
Zoolook is the fifth album by Jean-Michel Jarre, and released in 1984 on Disques Dreyfus. ...
The Age of Plastic The Buggles were a New Wave band formed in 1977 consisting of Geoff Downes (percussion, keyboards), Trevor Horn (bass guitar, guitar, percussion, vocals) and Bruce Woolley. ...
Adventures In Modern Recording is the second and last record from the British synth-pop duo The Buggles. ...
Geoff Downes Geoffrey Downes (born August 25, 1952 in Stockport, Cheshire, England) is a rock keyboard player. ...
Look up yes in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Asia is an arena rock/progressive rock group. ...
Shock the Monkey is a 1982 song by Peter Gabriel. ...
Security (1982) is an album by the British progressive rock musician Peter Gabriel. ...
History
The Fairlight CMI was a development of an earlier synthesiser called the Quasar M8, an attempt to create sound by modelling all of the parameters of a waveform in real time. Unfortunately, this was beyond the available processing power of the day, and the results were disappointing. In an attempt to make something of it, Vogel and Ryrie decided to see what it would do with a naturally recorded soundwaves as a starting point. To their surprise the effect was remarkable, and the sampler was born.
By 1979, the Fairlight CMI Series I was being demonstrated, but the sound quality was not quite up to professional standards, having only 24kHz sampling, and it wasn't until the Series II of 1982 that this was rectified. In 1983 MIDI was added with the Series IIx, and in 1985, support for full CD quality sampling (16bit/50kHz) was available with the Series III. This page refers to the year 1979. ...
1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Musical Instrument Digital Interface, or MIDI, is a system designed to transmit information between electronic musical instruments. ...
1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
A CD (Compact Disc), is an optical disc used to store digital data, originally developed for storing digital audio. ...
The Fairlight ran its own operating system known as QDOS (was a modified version of the Motorola MDOS operating system) and had a primitive (by modern standards) menu-driven GUI. The basic system used a number of Motorola 6800 processors, with separate cards dealing with specific parts of the system, such as the display driver, keyboard interface, etc. The main device for interacting with the machine apart from the keyboard was a light pen, which could be used to select options presented on a monochrome green-screen. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
This article or section needs a complete rewrite for the reasons listed on the talk page. ...
Motorola 6800 Microprocessor The 6800 is a microprocessor produced by Motorola and released shortly after the Intel 8080 in 1975. ...
CPU redirects here. ...
A light pen is a computer input device in the form of a light-sensitive wand used in conjunction with the computers CRT monitor. ...
The Series III model dropped the light pen interface (the light pen cable apparently was one of the most fragile hardware elements in the system) in favour of a graphics tablet interface which was built in to the keyboard. This model was built around Motorola 68000 processors, running Microware's OS-9 Level II operating system (6809 version). One of the Fairlight's most significant software features was the so-called "Page R", which was a real time graphical pattern sequence editor, widely copied on other software synths since. This feature was often a key part of the buying decision of artists. A Wacom Graphire2 graphics tablet. ...
The 68000 grew out of the MACSS (Motorola Advanced Computer System on Silicon) project, begun in 1976. ...
Microware is the corporation that produced the OS-9 operating system. ...
For Mac OS 9, see Mac OS 9. ...
The Fairlight CMI was very well built, assembled by hand with expensive components and consequently it was highly priced (around £20,000 for a Series I). Although later models, adjusting for inflation, were getting comparatively less expensive as the relative technology was getting cheaper, competitors with similar performance and lower prices started to multiply. Fairlight managed to survive until the mid-1980s, mainly bidding on its legendary name and its cult status, sought after by those that could afford its prices. It has been suggested that cult debate be merged into this article or section. ...
Fairlight went bankrupt a few years later owing to the expense of building the instruments — AUD$20,000 in components per unit. Peter Vogel said in 2005, "We were reliant on sales to pay the wages and it was a horrendously expensive business ... Our sales were good right up to the last minute, but we just couldn't finance the expansion and the R&D." ISO 4217 Code AUD User(s) Australia, Kiribati, Nauru, Tuvalu, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and Norfolk Island Inflation 4% (Australia only) Source Reserve Bank of Australia, June 2006 Subunit 1/100 cent Symbol $ or AUD Coins 5c, 10c, 20c, 50c , $1, $2 Banknotes $5, $10, $20, $50, $100 Central...
Influence The success of the Fairlight CMI caused other firms to introduce sampling. New England Digital modified their Synclavier digital synth to perform sampling, while E-mu introduced a less costly sampling keyboard, the Emulator, in 1981. New England Digital Corp. ...
The New England Digital Synclavier System was a powerful, integrated system for music synthesis and recording, first developed at Dartmouth College by Jon Appleton and colleagues. ...
After seeing a Fairlight CMI at a convention in 1979, E-mu founders Scott Wedge and Dave Rossum began working on designing a less expensive sampler. ...
1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
In the United States, a new sampler company called Ensoniq introduced the Ensoniq Mirage in 1985, at a price that made sampling affordable to the average musician for the first time. Though the Mirage was essentially a poor man's sampler with significantly inferior hardware specs, at less than $2000, it was nevertheless sufficiently powered (8-bit microprocessor) to signal the start of end of the CMI. In addition to these low-cost dedicated systems, very cheap add-in cards for popular home computers started to appear at this time, for example the Apple II-based Greengate DS3 sampler card, and new computer systems such as the Apple Macintosh featured built-in sampling sound systems. Ensoniq Corp. ...
Ensoniq Mirage The Ensoniq Corporations Mirage was an 8-bit sampler introduced in 1985. ...
1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The Apple II was one of the most popular personal computers of the 1980s. ...
The first Macintosh computer, introduced in 1984, upgraded to a 512K Fat Mac. The Macintosh or Mac, is a line of personal computers designed, developed, manufactured, and marketed by Apple Computer. ...
Features timeline Quasar I, II, and (last) M8 (1975-1977) - $20,000 base price
- Dual Motorola 6800 CPUs
- Made by Fairlight and Creative Strategies
- 8 voices (no sampling, just numeric additive synthesis with 128 harmonics)
- Memory: 4 kB per voice
- Synthesis: Fourier synthesis; dynamic harmonic control, waveform editing
- Hole paper tape reader
CMI Series I (1979) Motorola 6800 Microprocessor The 6800 is a microprocessor produced by Motorola and released shortly after the Intel 8080 in 1975. ...
Additive synthesis is a technique of audio synthesis which creates musical timbre. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with harmonic analysis. ...
- ~£18,000
- The first musical sampler
- 8 voices of polyphony
- Sampling specification: 8 bits at 16 kHz (mono)
- Memory: 16 kB per voice, System: 64 kB
- Dual Motorola 6800 CPUs
- Synthesis: freeform waveform via lightpen; dynamic harmonic control, waveform editing
- Keyboard: 73 note unweighted velocity sensitive + slave keyboard
- Sequencer: Basic keyboard sequencer, Musical Composition Language (MCL),
- Video RAM: 16 kB (512x256 pixels)
- Two 8" floppy drives
CMI Series II (1980) Polyphony is the property of an electronic musical instrument which describes how many notes it can sound at one time. ...
Motorola 6800 Microprocessor The 6800 is a microprocessor produced by Motorola and released shortly after the Intel 8080 in 1975. ...
- ~£25,000
- 8 voices of polyphony
- Sampling specification: 8 bits at 2100 Hz to 30200 kHz (mono)
- Memory: 16 kB per voice, System: 64 kB
- Dual Motorola 6800 CPUs
- Synthesis: freeform waveform via lightpen; dynamic harmonic control, waveform editing
- Keyboard: 73 note unweighted velocity sensitive + slave keyboard
- Control: MIDI
- Sequencer: Basic keyboard sequencer, Musical Composition Language (MCL),
- Video RAM: 16 kB (512x256 pixels)
- Two 8" floppy drives
CMI Series IIx (1983) Polyphony is the property of an electronic musical instrument which describes how many notes it can sound at one time. ...
Motorola 6800 Microprocessor The 6800 is a microprocessor produced by Motorola and released shortly after the Intel 8080 in 1975. ...
Musical Instrument Digital Interface, or MIDI, is a system designed to transmit information between electronic musical instruments. ...
- ~£27,000
- 8 voices of polyphony
- Sampling specification: 8 bits at 2100 Hz to 30.2 kHz (mono)
- Memory: 16 kB per voice, System: 256 kB
- Dual Motorola 6809 CPUs
- Synthesis: freeform waveform via lightpen; dynamic harmonic control, waveform editing
- Keyboard: 73 note unweighted velocity sensitive + slave keyboard
- Control: MIDI, SMPTE
- Sequencer: Page R, Basic keyboard sequencer, Musical Composition Language (MCL),
- Video RAM 16 kB (512x256 pixels)
- Two 8" floppy drives
CMI Series III (1985) Polyphony is the property of an electronic musical instrument which describes how many notes it can sound at one time. ...
1 MHz Motorola 6809E processor, manufactured in 1983. ...
Musical Instrument Digital Interface, or MIDI, is a system designed to transmit information between electronic musical instruments. ...
SMPTE timecode is a set of cooperating standards to label individual frames of video or film with a timecode defined by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. ...
- £50,000
- 16 voices of polyphony (expandable)
- Sampling specification: 16 bits at 100 kHz (mono) or 50 kHz (stereo), System: 356 kB
- Memory: 14 MB, expandable to 32 MB and maximum 64 MB on last hard revision (RAM RAM disk)
- Dual Motorola 6809 CPUs, and one 6809 CPU for each voice card, one Motorola 68000 (to 68020) for waveform processor card
- Synthesis: freeform waveform via graphics tablet; FFT; waveform editing
- Keyboard: 73 note unweighted velocity sensitive (MIDI compatible)
- Control: MIDI, SMPTE
- Sequencer: CAPS (Composer, Arranger, Performer Sequencer), 80 track polyphonic, Musical Composition Language (MCL),
- Hard drive and Tape DC600 Streamer (ESDI, SCSI), one 8" floppy drive
Polyphony is the property of an electronic musical instrument which describes how many notes it can sound at one time. ...
1 MHz Motorola 6809E processor, manufactured in 1983. ...
The 68000 grew out of the MACSS (Motorola Advanced Computer System on Silicon) project, begun in 1976. ...
Musical Instrument Digital Interface, or MIDI, is a system designed to transmit information between electronic musical instruments. ...
SMPTE timecode is a set of cooperating standards to label individual frames of video or film with a timecode defined by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. ...
Sound clips Note: These sound clips require an Ogg Vorbis player. Click here for a list of downloadable players. This page is about the audio compression codec. ...
This page is about the audio compression codec. ...
- A water droplet sample played musically. Composer: Greg Holmes - Original source
- A sequenced, multi-sound song played on the Fairlight CMI. Composer: Greg Holmes - Original source
- You're the Voice- the unmistakeable "clack-clack" sound etc. is a chief sound of the Fairlight CMI, as used in this John Farnham song.
- A Touch of Paradise- This John Farnham song makes extensive use of the Fairlight CMI for background atmosphere as well as lead parts
Image File history File links Arpegiator. ...
Software development stages In computer programming, development stage terminology expresses how the development of a piece of software has progressed and how much further development it may require. ...
Artists using the Fairlight CMI A Fairlight CMI can be seen in the Devo film We Are Devo and in Jan Hammer's music video for the Miami Vice theme song. It also makes an appearance being operated by Nick Rhodes in Duran Duran's video "The Reflex". ABC is an English New Wave band that charted eleven Top 40 singles between 1981 and 1990. ...
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