4th century BC Iberian falcata. The falcata is a type of sword typical of Pre-Roman Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula, modern Spain and Portugal), similar to the Greek kopis or Nepalese kukri. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1506x237, 56 KB) Summary / Resumen (en) Iberian falcata. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1506x237, 56 KB) Summary / Resumen (en) Iberian falcata. ...
Swiss longsword, 15th or 16th century Look up Sword in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
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Roman theater at Mérida; the statues are replicas Hispania was the name given by the Romans to the whole of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal, Spain, Andorra and Gibraltar) and to two provinces created there in the period of the Roman Republic: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior. ...
The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe. ...
An illustration showing a kopis with a hook-like hilt. ...
For the genus of snakes having the common name kukri snakes, see oligodon. ...
Name
The term Falcata is not ancient. It seems to have been coined by Fernando Fulgosio in 1872,[1] on the model of the Latin expression ensis falcatus "sickle-shaped sword" (which, however, refers to the Harpe). He presumably went with falcata rather than falcatus because the Spanish word for sword espada is feminine, althought there are other presumable theories. The name caught on very quickly, and is now firmly entrenched in the scholarly literature. 1872 (MDCCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...
Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ...
Using a sickle A Adam is a curved, hand-held agricultural tool typically used for harvesting grain crops before the advent of modern harvesting machinery. ...
The Harpe was a type of sword mentioned in Greek and Latin sources, almost always in mythological contexts. ...
Shape The Falcata has a one edged blade that pitches forward towards the point, the edge being concave on the lower part of the sword, but convex on top. The hilt is typically hook-shaped, the end being stylized in the shape of a horse or a bird. There is often a thin chain connecting the tip of the hilt the upper section. Althought it was a one-edge weapon, two-edge falcatas have been found .
Origin The falcata-like swords were derived from the slicke-shape knives of the Iron Age, that too explains their ritual uses. It is thought that it was introduced in the Iberian Peninsula by the Celts who spread the iron technology. It seems that its origin is parallel to the Greek Kopis, and not derived from it. Iron Age Axe found on Gotland This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age, for the mythological Iron Age see Iron Age (mythology). ...
Celts redirects here. ...
An illustration showing a kopis with a hook-like hilt. ...
Quality and Manufacturing Roman armies in the Second Punic War and later, during the Conquest of Hispania, were surprised about the quality of these weapons, used by Iberian mercenaries and warriors. The overall quality of the Falcata came not only from the shape, but also from the quality of the iron. Steel plates were buried in the ground from two to three years, corroding the weakened steel from them. With the rest, the sword was made. The blade was made from three laminas of this steel, joining them in a Bloomery. Due to the strengh of the Falcata, the Roman Legions reinforced their shield borders and their armours and hand weapons where redesigned, and it is probable that the Falcata influenced the posterior designs of the standard legion weapon, the Gladius. The Roman army is the set of land-based military forces employed by the Roman Kingdom, Roman republic and later Roman empire as part of the Roman military. ...
Combatants Image:SPQR-Stone. ...
The Conquest of Hispania was a historical period that began with the Roman landing at Empúries in 218 B.C. and ended with the conclusion of the Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula by Caesar Augustus in 17 B.C., including all of the events that occurred in the...
Roman theater at Mérida; the statues are replicas Hispania was the name given by the Romans to the whole of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal, Spain, Andorra and Gibraltar) and to two provinces created there in the period of the Roman Republic: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior. ...
A mercenary is defined as one that serves merely for wages; especially a soldier hired into foreign service [1] The conotation of a mercenary however can also be a pejorative term for anyone motivated by private gain without regard for political or ideological considerations. ...
The old steel cable of a colliery winding tower Steel is an alloy whose major component is iron, with carbon content between 0. ...
This article is about the leaf, a plant organ. ...
A bloomery is a type of furnace once widely used for smelting iron from its oxides. ...
The Roman legion (from Latin , from lego, legere, legi, lectus — to collect) is a term that can apply both as a transliteration of legio (conscription or army) to the entire Roman army and also, more narrowly (and more commonly), to the heavy infantry that was the basic military unit of...
// Gladius is Latin for sword (in general). ...
Ornamental and Liturgical uses In the early times of the Celtic tribes in the Iberia, when the use of iron was expensive and not yet spread, its use was more ornamental and liturgical than military. Very decorated Falcatas have been found, namely in tombs, such as the Falcata de Almedinilla. Celts redirects here. ...
The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe. ...
An ornamental is a plant variety that is grown for its beauty (in its end use), rather than commercial or other value. ...
The word leitourgia is derived from the two Greek words, leos and ergon. Leos, meaning the people of God and Ergon meaning the work. ...
In Ancient Texts Since "Falcata" is not a term used in Classical Latin, it is difficult to tell when, or if it is being referred to in ancient literature. There is, however, one passage that is generally agreed to refer to this type of sword, in Seneca's De Beneficiis 5.24: Classical Latin is the language used by the principal exponents of that language in what is usually regarded as classical Latin literature. ...
Bust, traditionally thought to be Seneca, now identified by some as Hesiod. ...
- A veteran who had been a bit too rough with his neighbors was pleading his case before the Divine Julius. "Do you remember," he said, Imperator, how you twisted your ankle near Sucro?" When Caesar said he did remember: "Then you certainly remember that when you were dying to rest under a tree that was casting just a tiny shadow, in a very tough terrain with just that one lonely tree sticking out, one of your men laid out his cloak for you?"
- Caesar said "Why shouldn't I remember, even if I was exhausted? Because I was unable to walk I couldn't go to the nearby spring, and I would have been willing to crawl there on hands and knees, if it were not for a good soldier, a brave industrious chap, hadn't brought me water in his helmet?" to which the man replied
- "Then, Imperator, you could recognize that man, or that helmet?" Caesar answered that he couldn't recognize the helmet, but certainly the man, and added, a bit irritated I think, "And you certainly are not him!"
- "It's not surprising," said the man, "that you do not recognize me, Caesar; for when that happened I was whole. Afterwards, at Munda my eye was gouged out, and my skull smashed in. Nor would you recognize that helmet if you saw it: it was split by a Hispanian saber (machaera Hispana). "
Caesar awarded the case to the veteran. Gaius Julius Caesar[1] (Latin pronunciation ; English pronunciation ; July 12 or July 13, 100 BC – March 15, 44 BC), often simply referred to as Julius Caesar, was a Roman military and political leader and one of the most influential men in world history. ...
The Latin word imperator was a title originally roughly equivalent to commander during the period of the Roman Republic. ...
Cullera is a municipality in Valencia in the Land of Valencia, Spain, situated in the Ribera Baixa comarca. ...
The Latin word imperator was a title originally roughly equivalent to commander during the period of the Roman Republic. ...
Combatants Populares Optimates Commanders Julius Caesar Titus Labienus †, Gnaeus Pompeius; Strength 8 legions, 8,000 cavalry total: circa 40,000 men 13 legions, cavalry and auxiliaries total: circa 70,000 men Casualties 1,000 30,000 The Battle of Munda took place on March 17, 45 BC in the plains...
See also Ewart Oakeshotts typology of the medieval sword is based on blade morphology. ...
Sword making, historically, has been the work of specialized smiths or metalworkers called armorers or swordsmiths. ...
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Swordsman redirects here. ...
This is a list of sword types found through history all around the world. ...
In terms of weapons and martial arts, a waster is typically a wooden replica of a particular weapon with which the user practices. ...
Bibliography - Aranegui, C. y De Hoz, J. (1992): “Una falcata decorada con inscripción ibérica. Juegos gladiatorios y venationes”, en Homenaje a Enrique Pla Ballester, Trabajos Varios del SIP 89, 319-344
- Cuadrado Díaz, E. (1989): La panoplia ibérica de “El Cigarralejo” (Mula, Murcia). Documentos. Serie Arqueología. Murcia
- Nieto, G. y Escalera, A. (1970): “Estudio y tratamiento de una falcata de Almedinilla”, Informes y trabajos del Instituto de Restauración y Conservación, 10
- F. Quesada Sanz: "Máchaira, kopís, falcata" in Homenaje a Francisco Torrent, Madrid, 1994, pp. 75-94.
- Quesada Sanz, F. (1990a): “En torno al origen y procedencia de la falcata ibérica”. Archivo Español de Arqueología, 63, 63-95
- Quesada Sanz, F. (1990b): “Falcatas ibéricas con damasquinados en plata”. Homenaje a D. Emeterio Cuadrado, Verdolay, 2, 45-59
- Quesada Sanz, F. (1992a): Arma y símbolo: la falcata ibérica. Instituto de Cultura Juan Gil-Albert, Alicante
- Quesada Sanz, F. (1992b): “Notas sobre el armamento ibérico de Almedinilla”, Anales de Arqueología Cordobesa, 3, 113-136
- Quesada Sanz, F. (1997a): “Algo más que un tipo de espada: la falcata ibérica”. Catálogo de la Exposición: La guerra en la Antigüedad. Madrid, pp.196-205
- Quesada Sanz, F. (1997b): El armamento ibérico. Estudio tipológico, geográfico, funcional, social y simbólico de las armas en la Cultura Ibérica (siglos VI-I a.C.). 2 vols. Monographies Instrumentum, 3. Ed. Monique Mergoil, Montagnac, 1997
- Quesada Sanz, F. (1998): “Armas para los muertos”. Los íberos, príncipes de Occidente Catálogo de la Exposición. Barcelona, pp. 125-31
Notes - ^ In: Fulgosio, Fernando (1872): "Armas y utensilios del hombre primitivo en el Museo Arqueológico Nacional", in José Dorregaray (ed.),Museo Español de Antigüedades, Madrid, Vol. I, pp. 75-89.
External links - A 4th century BC falcata from Iberia
- Another Falcata, a replica with an unhistorical cast-metal hilt
- Spanish site about celtiberian pre-roman history
- Detailed map of the Pre-Roman Peoples of Iberia (around 200 BC)
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