NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Fallopian tube

The Fallopian tubes, also known as oviducts, uterine tubes, and salpinges (singular salpinx) are two very fine tubes leading from the ovaries of female mammals into the uterus. Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Gray589. ... For other uses, see Latin (disambiguation). ... Section of an artery For other uses, see Artery (disambiguation). ... In human anatomy, the ovarian artery is a blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the ovary. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... In mammals including humans, the lymphatic vessels (or lymphatics) are a network of thin tubes that branch, like blood vessels, into tissues throughout the body. ... The lumbar lymph nodes are a group of lymph nodes residing in the lumbar region. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... The MÃ¼llerian ducts are paired ducts of the embryo which empty into the cloaca, and which in the female develop into the upper vagina, cervix, uterus and oviducts; in the male they disappear except for the vestigial vagina masculina and the appendix testis. ... Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. ... Elseviers logo. ... Human female internal reproductive anatomy Ovaries are a part of a female organism that produces eggs. ... Subclasses & Infraclasses Subclass â€ Allotheria* Subclass Prototheria Subclass Theria Infraclass â€ Trituberculata Infraclass Metatheria Infraclass Eutheria Mammals (class Mammalia) are warm-blooded, vertebrate animals characterized by the production of milk in female mammary glands and by the presence of: hair, three middle ear bones used in hearing, and a neocortex region in... This article is about female reproductive anatomy. ...

Anatomy

There are two Fallopian tubes,attached to either side of the cornual end of the uterus, and each terminating at or near one ovary forming a structure called the fimbria. Uterus and uterine tubes In the female reproductive system, the fimbria is a fringe of tissue near the ovary leading to the Fallopian tube. ...

The Fallopian tubes are not directly attached to the ovaries, but open into the peritoneal cavity (essentially the inside of the abdomen); they thus form a direct communication between the peritoneal cavity and the outside via the vagina. In higher vertebrates, the peritoneum is the serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity - it covers most of the intra-abdominal organs. ...

In humans, the Fallopian tubes are about 7–14 cm long. This article is about modern humans. ...

Regions

The third part of the uterine tube is the the infundibulum. ... Uterus and uterine tubes In the female reproductive system, the fimbria is a fringe of tissue near the ovary leading to the Fallopian tube. ... The ampulla is the second portion of the uterine tube. ... The first part of the uterine tube is the isthmus tubae uterinae. ...

Histology

There are three layers of the fallopian tube:^[2] Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (2816 Ã— 2112 pixel, file size: 2. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (2816 Ã— 2112 pixel, file size: 2. ...

The mucous membranes (or mucosa) are linings of ectodermic origin, covered in epithelium, that line various body cavities and internal organs. ... cross-section of two cilia, showing 9+2 structure A cilium (plural cilia) is a fine projection from a eukaryotic cell that constantly beats in one direction. ... The muscular coat (or muscular layer, or muscular fibers, or muscularis externa) is a region of smooth muscle in many organs in the vertebrate body, adjacent to the mucous membrane. ... A serosa is a serous membrane, Serous membranes line the pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal cavities, enclosing their contents. ...

Motility

The Fallopian tubes are mobile, and have been observed on time-lapse videography moving about the pelvis. The flower of a geranium opening over a period of about two hours. ...

Although anatomical illustrations have them proceeding from the uterine horns to the ovary, this is not the case for most of the menstrual cycle, and a tube may cross to the other side or lie on top of the uterus. The uterine horns are the points where the the uterus and the uterine tubes meet. ... Menstrual cycle The menstrual cycle is a recurring cycle of physiological changes that occurs in the females of human beings and other great apes. ...

Function in fertilization

When an ovum is developing in an ovary, it is encapsulated in a sac known as an ovarian follicle. A human ovum Sperm cells attempting to fertilize an ovum An ovum (plural ova) is a haploid female reproductive cell or gamete. ... Ovarian follicles or Graafian follicles (after Regnier de Graaf) are the roughly spherical cell aggregations in the ovary containing an ovum and from which the egg is released during ovulation. ...

On maturity of the ovum, the follicle and the ovary's wall rupture, allowing the ovum to escape and enter the Fallopian tube. There it travels toward the uterus, pushed along by movements of cilia on the inner lining of the tubes. This trip takes hours or days. If the ovum is fertilized while in the Fallopian tube, then it normally implants in the endometrium when it reaches the uterus, which signals the beginning of pregnancy. This article is about female reproductive anatomy. ... cross-section of two cilia, showing 9+2 structure A cilium (plural cilia) is a fine projection from a eukaryotic cell that constantly beats in one direction. ... A sperm cell fertilizing an ovum This article is about reproduction in organisms. ... The endometrium is the inner membrane of the mammalian uterus. ... A pregnant woman near the end of her term Pregnancy is the carrying of one or more offspring in an embryonal or fetal stage of development by female mammals, including humans, inside their bodies, between the stages of conception and birth. ...

Occasionally the embryo implants into the Fallopian tube instead of the uterus, creating an ectopic pregnancy, commonly known as a "tubal pregnancy". This article is about female reproductive anatomy. ...

Embryology and homology

The Fallopian tubes are not homologous to the vas deferens or any other structure in males. In biology, homology is any similarity between structures that is due to their shared ancestry. ... The vas deferens (plural: vasa deferentia), also called ductus deferens, (Latin: carrying-away vessel) is part of the male anatomy of some species, including humans. ...

Embryos have two pairs of ducts to let gametes out of the body; one pair (the Müllerian ducts) develops in females into the Fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina, while the other pair (the Wolffian ducts) develops in males into the epididymis and vas deferens. For other uses, see Embryo (disambiguation). ... A gamete is a specialized germ cell that fuses with another gamete during fertilization (conception) in organisms that reproduce sexually. ... The MÃ¼llerian ducts are paired ducts of the embryo which empty into the cloaca, and which in the female develop into the upper vagina, cervix, uterus and oviducts; in the male they disappear except for the vestigial vagina masculina and the appendix testis. ... The vagina, (from Latin, literally sheath or scabbard ) is the tubular tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body in female placental mammals and marsupials, or to the cloaca in female birds, monotremes, and some reptiles. ... The Wolffian duct (also known as archinephric duct, Leydigs duct, mesonephric duct, or nephric duct) is a paired organ found in mammals including humans during embryogenesis. ... Male Anatomy The epididymis is part of the human male reproductive system and is present in all male mammals. ...

Normally, only one of the pair of tubes will develop while the other regresses and disappears in utero.

Pathology

Pelvic inflammatory disease can strike the fallopian tubes. This might cause a fallopian tube obstruction. Pelvic inflammatory disease (or disorder) (PID) is a generic term for infection of the female uterus, fallopian tubes, and/or ovaries as it progresses to scar formation with adhesions to nearby tissues and organs. ... Fallopian tube obstruction is a cause of female tubal infertility. ...

Surgery

The surgical removal of a Fallopian tube is called a salpingectomy. To remove both sides is a bilateral salpingectomy. An operation that combines the removal of a Fallopian tube with removal of at least one ovary is a salpingo-oophorectomy. An operation to restore a fallopian tube obstruction is called a tuboplasty. Salpingectomy refers to the surgical removal of a Fallopian tube. ... Oophorectomy is the surgical removal of the ovaries of a female animal. ... A tuboplasty is a surgical operation to correct an obstruction or adhesion of a fallopian tube to achieve a pregnancy in women with tubal infertility. ...

Etymology and nomenclature

They are named after their discoverer, the 16th century Italian anatomist, Gabriele Falloppio. (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... Gabriele Falloppio Gabriele Falloppio (1523- October 9, 1562), often known by his Latin name Fallopius, was one of the most important anatomists and physicians of the sixteenth century; he was born at Modena, Italy in 1523; he died October 9, 1562 at Padua. ...

Though the name 'Fallopian tube' is eponymous, some texts spell it with a lower case 'f' owing to the theory that the adjective 'fallopian' has been absorbed into modern English as the de facto name for the structure.

The Greek word salpinx (σαλπιγξ) means "trumpet". The trumpet is the highest brass instrument in register, above the French horn, trombone, baritone, euphonium, and tuba. ...

Additional images

See also

Pelvic inflammatory disease (or disorder) (PID) is a generic term for infection of the female uterus, fallopian tubes, and/or ovaries as it progresses to scar formation with adhesions to nearby tissues and organs. ... Menstrual cycle The menstrual cycle is a recurring cycle of physiological changes that occurs in the females of human beings and other great apes. ...

References

The State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, better known as SUNY Downstate Medical Center, is an academic medical center and is the only one of its kind in the Borough of Brooklyn in New York City. ... The Trojan Shrine, better known as Tommy Trojan located in the center of University of Southern California campus. ... The Trojan Shrine, better known as Tommy Trojan located in the center of University of Southern California campus. ...

External links

Categories: Female reproductive system | Gynecology | Pelvis eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base that was founded in 1996. ... For similarly-named academic institutions, see Boston (disambiguation). ... The human females reproductive system. ... The reproductive system is the ensembles and interactions of organs and/or substances within an organism that strictly pertain to reproduction. ... For ovary as part of plants see ovary (plants) Ovaries are egg-producing reproductive organs found in female organisms. ... Oogenesis or rarely oÃ¶genesis is the creation of an ovum (egg cell). ... The surface of the ovary is covered by a layer of columnar cells which constitutes the germinal epithelium of Waldeyer. ... On the surface of the ovary this tissue is much condensed, and forms a layer, the tunica albuginea, composed of short connective-tissue fibers, with fusiform cells between them. ... At one part of the mature follicle the cells of the membrana granulosa are collected into a mass which projects into the cavity of the follicle. ... The stroma of the ovary is a peculiar soft tissue, abundantly supplied with bloodvessels, consisting for the most part of spindle-shaped cells with a small amount of ordinary connective tissue. ... The medulla of ovary (or Zona vasculosa of Waldeyer) is a highly vascular stroma in the center of the ovary. ... Ovarian follicles or Graafian follicles (after Regnier de Graaf) are the roughly spherical cell aggregations in the ovary containing an ovum and from which the egg is released during ovulation. ... In biology, folliculogenesis refers to the maturation of the ovarian follicle, a densely-packed shell of somatic cells that contains an immature oocyte. ... The corpus hemorrhagicum (bloody body) is a temporary structure formed immediately after ovulation from the ovarian follicle. ... The corpus luteum (Latin for yellow body) is a small, temporary endocrine structure in animals. ... The corpus luteum (Latin for yellow body) is a small, temporary endocrine structure in mammals that develops from an ovarian follicle after it has released a mature egg. ... The theca folliculi comprise a layer of the ovarian follicles. ... The theca externa is the outer layers of the theca folliculi. ... In biology, folliculogenesis refers to the maturation of the ovarian follicle, a densely-packed shell of somatic cells that contains an immature oocyte. ... The follicular antrum is the portion of an ovarian follicle filled with liquor folliculi. ... Follicular fluid is a liquid which fills the follicular antrum and surrounds the ovum in an ovarian follicle UIUC Histology Subject 1083 MeSH Follicular+fluid Diagram at med. ... For the structure in neuroanatomy, see Corona radiata. ... The zona pellucida (or zona striata in older texts) is a glycoprotein membrane surrounding the plasma membrane of an oocyte. ... The larger ovarian follicles consist of an external fibrovascular coat, connected with the surrounding stroma of the ovary by a net-work of bloodvessels; and an internal coat, which consists of several layers of nucleated cells, called the membrana granulosa. ... Cells in culture, stained for keratin (red) and DNA (green) The cell is the structural and functional unit of all living organisms, and are sometimes called the building blocks of life. ... The ovarian ligament (also called the utero-ovarian ligament or proper ovarian ligament) is a fibrous ligament that connects the ovary to the lateral surface of the uterus. ... The suspensory ligament of the ovary (also infundibulopelvic ligament) is a fold of peritoneum that surrounds the ovarian artery and vein as they extend out from the ovary. ... 1. ... The broad ligament of the uterus refers to the wide fold of peritoneum that connects the sides of the uterus to the walls and floor of the pelvis. ... At first the mesonephros and genital ridge are suspended by a common mesentery, but as the embryo grows the genital ridge gradually becomes pinched off from the mesonephros, with which it is at first continuous, though it still remains connected to the remnant of this body by a fold of... The portion of the broad ligament which stretches from the uterine tube to the level of the ovary is known by the name of the mesosalpinx. ... The mesometrium is the mesentery of the uterus. ... The cardinal ligament (or lateral cervical ligament) is at the base of the broad ligament of the uterus (though it is not usually considered on of the three traditional divisions of that ligament. ... The first part of the uterine tube is the isthmus tubae uterinae. ... The ampulla is the second portion of the uterine tube. ... The third part of the uterine tube is the the infundibulum. ... Uterus and uterine tubes In the female reproductive system, the fimbria is a fringe of tissue near the ovary leading to the Fallopian tube. ... This article is about female reproductive anatomy. ... The cervix (from Latin neck) is the lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina. ... The external orifice of the uterus (or ostium of uterus, or external os) is a small, depressed, somewhat circular aperture on the rounded extremity of the vaginal portion of the cervix. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... The internal orifice of the uterus (or internal orifice of the cervix uteri or internal os) is a interior narrowing of the uterine cavity. ... The Cavity of the Body in the uterus is a mere slit, flattened antero-posteriorly. ... The fundus of the uterus is the top portion opposite from the cervix. ... The endometrium is the inner membrane of the mammalian uterus. ... The myometrium is the middle layer of the uterine wall consisting of smooth muscle cells and supporting stromal and vascular tissue. ... Uterus and uterine tubes The perimetrium is the outer serosa layer of the uterus, covered in peritoneum. ... The external genital organs of the female are collectively known as the vulva (plural vulvae, vulvas)[1] or genitalia feminina externa[2]. In common speech, the term vagina is often used improperly to refer to the vulva or female genitals generally, even though, strictly speaking, the vagina is a specific... In human anatomy or in mammals in general, the mons pubis (Latin, pubic mound), also known simply as the mons, is the soft mound of flesh present in both genders just above the genitals, raised above the surrounding area due to a pad of fat lying just beneath it which... A dead hippo with pubic hair entirely removed Anterior view of a wet, tight snatch. ... Labial commissures are junctions of the labia of the vulva. ... In female human anatomy, the frenulum labiorum pudendi (aka. ... Parts of a vulva The external genital organs of the female are collectively known as the vulva (also sometimes called the pudenda). ... The Cleft of Venus or pudendal cleft is the furrow at the base of the Mons veneris where it divides to form the labia majora. ... The labia minora (nymphae) are two small cutaneous folds, situated between the labia majora, and extending from the clitoris obliquely downward, lateralward, and backward for about 4 cm. ... The Vulval vestibule (or Vulvar vestibule) is a part of the vulva between the labia minora that the urethra and the vagina open into. ... The interlabial sulci are the grooves between the labia majora and the labia minora. ... The clitoris (Greek ) is a sexual organ that is present in biologically female mammals. ... In a female human anatomy, the clitoral hood, (also called preputium clitoridis and clitoral prepuce), is a fold of skin that surrounds and protects the clitoral glans. ... The Clitoral Glans is an external portion of the clitoris. ... The Frenulum clitoridis (also known as the Crus glandis clitoridis) is a frenulum that surrounds the clitoris. ... The clitoral crura are an internal portion of the clitoris. ... The clitoris is homologous to the corpus cavernosum penis in the male. ... The Vestibular Bulbs, also known as the Clitoral Bulbs, are an internal part of the Clitoris next to the clitoral body, clitoral crura, urethra, urethral sponge, and vagina. ... The vagina, (from Latin, literally sheath or scabbard ) is the tubular tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body in female placental mammals and marsupials, or to the cloaca in female birds, monotremes, and some reptiles. ... The Bartholins glands (also called Bartholin glands or greater vestibular glands) are two glands located slightly below and to the left and right of the opening of the vagina in women. ... Bartholins ducts are a pair of ducts leading from the Bartholins glands to the surface of the vulva. ... In human anatomy, the Skenes glands (also known as the lesser vestibular, periurethral glands, or paraurethral glands[1]) are glands located on the upper wall of the vagina, around the lower end of the urethra. ... The Skenes ducts are a pair of ducts leading from the Skenes glands to the surface of the vulva, to the left and right of the urethral opening. ... Between the hymen and the frenulum of the labia is the fossa of vestibule of vagina (or fossa navicularis), while in the groove between the hymen and the labium minus, on either side, the small opening of the greater vestibular gland (Bartholinâ€™s) can be seen. ... The fornices of the vagina are the deepest portions of the vagina, extending into the recesses created by the extension of the cervix into the vaginal space. ... For the Greek god of marriage, see Hymenaios. ... A pregnant womans breasts. ... Mammary glands are the organs that, in the female mammal, produce milk for the sustenance of the young. ... This article is about anatomical structure. ... Cross section of the breast of a human female. ... Lactiferous ducts are lobes of the mammary gland at the tip of the nipple. ... ... Female internal reproductive anatomy The urethral sponge is a spongy cushion of tissue, found in the lower genital area of women, that sits against both the pubic bone and vaginal wall, and surrounds the urethra. ...

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