Droughts and famines in Imperial Russia and USSR are known to have happened every 10-13 years, with average droughts happening every 5-7 years. Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start... A drought is a period of time when there is not enough water to support agricultural, urban or environmental water needs. ...

History

According to the report of Golubev and Dronin, one may distinguish three types of drought according to productive areas vulnerable to droughts: Central (Volga basin, Northern Caucasus), and Central Chernozem Region), Southern (Volga and Volga-Vyatka area , Ural, Ukraine), and Eastern (steppe and forest-steppe belts Western and Eastern Siberia and Kazakhstan). This report gives the following table of the major droughts in Russia. For other meanings of the word Volga see Volga (disambiguation) Волга Length 3,690 km Elevation of the source 225 m Average discharge  ? m³/s Area watershed 1. ... A drainage basin is the area within the drainage basin divide (yellow outline), and drains the surface runoff and river discharge (blue lines) of a contiguous area. ... Southern Federal District (Northern Caucasus) is one of the seven federal districts of Russia. ... Central Black Earth Region or Central Chernozem Region (Центрально-черноземная область, центральная черноземная область, центрально-черноземная полоса) is a part of the Eurasian chernozem belt that lies within Central Russia and comprises Voronezh Oblast, Lipetsk Oblast, Belgorod Oblast, Tambov Oblast, Oryol Oblast and Kursk Oblast. ... Kirov (Ки́ров) is a city in eastern European Russia, on the Vyatka River, capital of Kirov Oblast. ... Ural (Russian: ) is a geographical region in Russia, around Ural Mountains. ... A steppe in Western Kazakhstan in early spring In physical geography, a steppe (Russian: - step, Ukrainian: - step, Kazakh: - dala), pronounced in English as step, is a plain without trees (apart from those near rivers and lakes); it is similar to a prairie, although a prairie is generally considered as being... Siberian Federal District (dark red) and the broadest definition of Siberia (red) Udachnaya pipe Siberia (Russian: , Sibir; Tatar: ) is a vast region of Russia constituting almost all of Northern Asia. ...

• Central: 1920, 1924, 1936, 1946, 1972, 1979, 1981,1984.
• Southern: 1901, 1906, 1921, 1939, 1948, 1951, 1957, 1975, 1995.
• Eastern: 1911, 1931, 1963, 1965, 1991.

The first famine in the USSR happened in 1921-1923 and got wide international attention. It was due to the Southern type of drought, the most affected area being the Southeastern areas of European Russia (including Volga area, or Povolzhye) and Ukraine. Fridtjof Nansen was honored with the 1922 Nobel Prize for Peace, in part for his work as High Commissioner for Relief In Russia. Other organizations that helped to combat the Soviet famine were UISE (Union Internationale de Secours aux Enfants, International Save the Children Union) and the International Red Cross. The Russian famine of 1921, which began in the early spring of that year, and lasted through 1922, was a true famine: hunger so severe that it was doubtful that seed-grain would be sown rather than eaten. ... 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... European Russia can be considered the western areas of Russia, where most of the population is centred. ... Fridtjof Nansen Fridtjof Nansen (born October 10, 1861 in Store Frøen, near Christiania - died May 13, 1930 in Lysaker, outside Oslo) was a Norwegian explorer, scientist and diplomat. ... The Nobel Peace Prize (where Nobel is pronounced with the stress on the second syllable) is one of five Nobel Prizes bequested by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel. ... The International Save the Children Union (French: L’Union Internationale de Secours aux Enfants) was a Geneva-based international organisation of childrens charities founded in 1920 by Eglantyne Jebb, who had earlier founded Save the Children in the UK with her sister, Dorothy Buxton. ... The International Save the Children Union (French: L’Union Internationale de Secours aux Enfants) was a Geneva-based international organisation of childrens charities founded in 1920 by Eglantyne Jebb, who had earlier founded Save the Children in the UK with her sister, Dorothy Buxton. ... The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is the worlds largest group of humanitarian non-governmental organizations, often known simply as the Red Cross, after its original symbol. ...

Han heter ju Arne Strong aka Arne Schwarzenegger aka Hercules in New York.

The second famine happened during the collectivisation in the USSR. In 1932-1933 confiscations of grain and other food by the Soviet authorities^[2] caused a famine which affected more than 40 million people, especially in the south on the Don and Kuban areas and in Ukraine, where by various estimates from 5 to 10 million may have starved to death (the event known as Holodomor). About 200,000 Kazakh nomads fled to China, Iran, Mongolia and Afghanistan during the famine. The information about this famine was suppressed by Stalin's regime.^[1] A famine is a social and economic crisis that is commonly accompanied by widespread malnutrition, starvation, epidemic disease and increased mortality. ... In the Soviet Union, collectivisation was a policy introduced in the late 1920s, of consolidation of individual land and labour into co-operatives called collective farms (Russian: , kolkhoz) and state farms (Russian: , sovkhoz). ... 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will take you to a full 1932 calendar). ... 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... The word grain has several meanings, most being descriptive of a small piece or particle. ... Soviet redirects here. ... The Don (Дон) is one of the major rivers of Russia. ... Kuban (Russian: ) is a region of Russia surrounding the Kuban River, on the Black Sea between Ukraine and the Caucasus. ... Child victim of the Holodomor The Ukrainian famine (1932-1933) or Holodomor was one of the largest national catastrophes of the Ukrainian nation in modern history with direct loss of human life in the range of millions (estimates vary). ... The Kazakhs (also spelled Kazaks or Qazaqs), (in Kazakh: Қазақтар []; in Russian: Казахи; English term is the transliteration from Russian) are a Turkic people of the northern parts of Central Asia (largely Kazakhstan, but also found in parts of Russia and China). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Joseph Stalin. ...

The last major famine in the USSR happened mainly in 1947 due to the severe drought in 1946 in over 50% of the grain-productive zone of the country and to government mismanagement of its reserves. This led to an estimated 1 to 1.5 million excess deaths as well as to secondary population losses due to reduced fertility.^[2] Partly as a result of this famine, unlike many countries in Europe and North America the Soviet Union did not experience a Post-World War II baby boom. 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... A drought is a period of time when there is not enough water to support agricultural, urban or environmental water needs. ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... A U.S. postage stamp depicting the increase in birthrate experienced after World War II. As is often the case with a large war, the elation of victory and large numbers of males returning to their country triggered a baby boom after the end of World War II in many...

The drought of 1963 caused panic slaughtering of livestock, but there was no risk of famine. Since that year the Soviet Union started importing feed grains for its livestock in increasing amounts. 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ... Slaughter may refer to: result of slaughtering, see slaughterhouse a music group Slaughter Jimmy Ray Slaughter awaiting execution in Oklahoma amidst brain fingerprinting controversy This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Sheep are commonly bred as livestock. ... Fodder growing from barley In agriculture, fodder or animal feed is any foodstuff that is used specifically to feed livestock, such as cattle, sheep, chickens and pigs. ... An assortment of grains The word grain has a great many meanings, most being descriptive of a small piece or particle. ...

References and Notes

1. ^ U.S. Commission on the Ukraine Famine, "Findings of the Commission on the Ukraine Famine" [1], Report to Congress, Washington, D.C., April 19, 1988
2. ^ M. Ellman, "The 1947 Soviet famine and the entitlement approach to famines," Cambridge Journal of Economics 24 (2000): 603-630.

April 19 is the 109th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (110th in leap years). ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• John McCrory and Jennifer Kao, The Political Economy of a Disaster. Famine in Russia: 1921-1922.

See also

1921 Famine in Russia The Russian famine of 1921, which began in the early spring of that year, and lasted through 1922, was a true famine: hunger so severe that it was doubtful that seed-grain would be sown rather than eaten. ...

General References

• Genady Golubev and Nikolai Dronin, Geography of Droughts and Food Problems in Russia (1900-2000), Report of the International Project on Global Environmental Change and Its Threat to Food and Water Security in Russia (February, 2004).

• Zima, V. F. The Famine of 1946-1947 in the USSR: Its Origins and Consequences. Ceredigion, UK: Mellen Press, 1999. (ISBN 0-7734-3184-5)