Fanny Burney

For Frances Burney (1776–1828), niece of Frances Burney, later Madame D'Arblay (1752-1840), see Frances Burney

Fanny Burney, later Madame D'Arblay, (June 13, 1752-January 6, 1840) was an English novelist and diarist. She published her first novel Evelina anonymously in 1778. The revelation of its authorship brought her nearly immediate fame by its narrative and comic power. She published Cecilia in 1782 and Camilla in 1796. Her three major novels, much admired by Jane Austen, are about the entry into the world of a young, beautiful, intelligent but inexperienced girl. Her fourth novel, The Wanderer, was published in 1814. During her lifetime, she was best known as a novelist, but the posthumous publication of her journals and letters led to a later characterization as an eighteenth-century observer and writer of character sketches. She was virtually addicted to "scribbling" and produced large quantities of writing over the course of her long life. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (968x1335, 144 KB) Scanned by Phrood. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (968x1335, 144 KB) Scanned by Phrood. ... Frances Burney (1776–1828), governess and author, was the niece of Frances Burney the well-known novelist. ... June 13 is the 164th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (165th in leap years), with 201 days remaining. ... 1752 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... January 6 is the 6th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2005 est. ... A novel is an extended work of written, narrative, prose fiction, usually in story form; the writer of a novel is a novelist. ... See Diary (novel) for the novel by Chuck Palahniuk. ... Evelina is a novel written by English author Fanny Burney in 1778. ... 1778 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1782 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The name Camilla, originates from Latin meaning attendant. ... 1796 was a leap year starting on Friday. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Early life

She was born Frances Burney, daughter of Dr. Charles Burney, a self-made man and musician of some distinction at King's Lynn, Norfolk, where her father was organist. Her mother, Esther (née Sleepe) was granddaughter of a French refugee named Dubois. Frances was the fourth child in a family of six. Charles Burney by Sir Joshua Reynolds in 1781 Charles Burney (April 12, 1726 – April 12, 1814) was an English music historian and father of author Fanny Burney. ... Kings Lynn is a town and port in the English county of Norfolk. ... Norfolk (pronounced IPA: ) is a low-lying county in East Anglia in the east of southern England. ... An organist is a musician who plays the organ, whether pipe or electronic. ...

Of her brothers, James (1750-1821) became an admiral and sailed with Captain James Cook on his second and third voyages, and Charles Burney was a well-known classical scholar. In 1760 the family moved to London, and Dr. Burney took a house in Poland Street. Mrs. Burney died in 1761, when Frances was only nine years old, and her father was too busy to give her any attention. Her sisters Esther (Hetty), afterwards Mrs. Charles Rousseau, and Susanna, afterwards Mrs. Phillips, were sent to school in Paris, but Frances was largely self-educated. James Burney (13 June, 1750 – 1821) was an English Rear-Admiral who accompanied Captain Cook in his last two voyages and wrote a series of He was a son of the composer Charles Burney, brother to Charles Burney and the novelist Fanny Burney. ... Events March 2 - Small earthquake in London, England April 4 - Small earthquake in Warrington, England August 23 - Small earthquake in Spalding, England September 30 - Small earthquake in Northampton, England November 16 – Westminster Bridge officially opened Jonas Hanway is the first Englishman to use an umbrella James Gray reveals her sex... The coronation banquet for George IV 1821 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... James Cook, portrait by Nathaniel Dance, c. ... 1760 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... London (pronounced ) is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom. ... 1761 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country France Région ÃŽle-de-France Département Paris (75) Subdivisions 20 arrondissements Mayor Bertrand Delanoë  (PS) (since 2001) City Statistics Land...

Early in 1766 she paid her first visit to Dr. Burney's friend Samuel Crisp at Chessington Hall in Surrey. Dr. Burney had first made Crisp's acquaintance in about 1745 at the house of Charles Cavendish Fulke Greville, and they had studied music together. Crisp's play, Virginia, staged by David Garrick in 1754 at the request of the countess of Coventry (née Maria Gunning), had been unsuccessful, and Crisp had retired to Chessington Hall, where he frequently entertained Dr. Burney and his family, to whom he was familiarly known as "Daddy" Crisp. 1766 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Chessington Hall was a country house in the village of Chessington, Surrey. ... Surrey is a county in southern England, part of the South East England region and one of the Home Counties. ... // Events May 11 - War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy - At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army including the Black Watch June 4 – Frederick the Great destroys Austrian army at Hohenfriedberg August 19 - Beginning of the 45 Jacobite Rising at Glenfinnan September 12 - Francis I is elected... Charles Cavendish Fulke Greville (April 2, 1794 _ January 18, 1865) was an English diarist, a great-grandson by his father of the 5th earl of Warwick, and son of Lady Charlotte Bentinck, daughter of the duke of Portland, formerly a leader of the Whig party, and first minister of... Portrait of David Garrick David Garrick (February 19, 1717 – January 20, 1779) was an English actor, dramatist, theatrical producer and theatrical manager, and a friend and pupil of Samuel Johnson. ... 1754 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Maria Gunning (1733 - September 30, 1760) was a famous London beauty and society hostess during the reign of King George II. She was born at St Ives in Cambridgeshire of Irish parentage, the sister of Elizabeth Gunning. ...

It was to her "Daddy" Crisp and her sister Susan that Frances Burney addressed large portions of her diary and many of her letters. In 1767, Dr. Burney married Elizabeth Allen, widow of a King's Lynn wine-merchant. Frances lived in the midst of an exceptionally brilliant social circle, gathered round her father in Poland Street, and later at his new home in St. Martin's Street, Leicester Fields. David Garrick, the best-known actor of the period, was a constant visitor. Of the various "lyons" they entertained she leaves a graphic account, notably of Omai, the Otaheitan native, and of Alexis Orlov, the favorite of Catherine II of Russia. She first met Samuel Johnson at her father's home in March 1777. 1767 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Elizabeth Allan, who usually goes by the name Liz Allan (commonly misspelled, even in the published comics themselves, as Liz Allen), is a fictional comic book character in the Marvel Comics universe, part of the supporting cast of Spider-Man (Peter Parker). ... For details on the adjacent London Underground station, see Leicester Square tube station Leicester Square in 1750, looking north. ... Portrait of David Garrick David Garrick (February 19, 1717 – January 20, 1779) was an English actor, dramatist, theatrical producer and theatrical manager, and a friend and pupil of Samuel Johnson. ... Theodore von Holsts 1838 painting Omai was a young Tahitian who was picked up on Captain Cooks second voyage of discovery by Captain Furneaux on the HMS Adventure. ... Aleksey Orlov, also transliterated as Aleksei Orlov or Alexei Orlov. ... Catherine II of Russia Catherine II of Russia, called the Great (Russian: Екатерина II Великая, Yekaterina II Velikaya; 2 May 1729–17 November 1796 [O.S. 6 November]) — sometimes referred to as an epitome of the enlightened despot — reigned as Empress of Russia for some 34 years, from June 28, 1762 until... Samuel Johnson circa 1772, painted by Sir Joshua Reynolds. ... 1777 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

Writings, diaries

Her father's drawing-room, where she met many of the chief musicians, actors and authors of the day, was Frances' only school, but he had a huge library; Macaulay stated that in the whole of Dr. Burney's library there was only one novel, Henry Fielding's Amelia. Frances was acquainted with the Abbé Prévost's Doyen de Killérine, Marivaux's Vie de Marianne, Samuel Richardson's Clarissa, the books of Elizabeth Griffith, and those of Frances Brooke. Her diary contains the record of her reading. The young Frances once made a bonfire of her manuscripts, among them a History of Caroline Evelyn, a story containing an account of Evelina's mother. She also mentions then famous courtesan Kitty Fisher in her diaries. Quotes His imagination resembled the wings of an ostrich. ... Henry Fielding (April 22, 1707 – October 8, 1754) was an English novelist and dramatist known for his rich earthy humor and satirical prowess and as the author of the novel Tom Jones. ... Antoine François Prévost (Antoine Francois Prevost dExiles) (April 1, 1697 - December 23, 1763), usually known simply as the Abbé Prévost, was a French author and novelist. ... Pierre Carlet de Chamblain de Marivaux (February 4, 1688 - February 12, 1763), French novelist and dramatist, was born at Paris. ... Samuel Richardson (August 19, 1689 – July 4, 1761) was a major 18th century writer best known for his three epistolary novels: Pamela: Or, Virtue Rewarded (1740), Clarissa: Or the History of a Young Lady (1748) and Sir Charles Grandison (1753). ... Elizabeth Griffith, née Griffith (born 1727?, died 1793), was an eighteenth-century Irish dramatist, fiction writer, essayist and actress, best known for her edition of Shakespeares comedies published in 1775. ... Frances Brooke Frances (Moore) Brooke (1724 - 1789) was an English author. ... A courtesan of mid-16th century usage referred to a high-class prostitute or mistress, especially one associated with rich, powerful, or upper-class men who provided luxuries and status in exchange for her services. ... Catherine Maria (Kitty) Fisher (died 1767) was one of the most famous English courtesans of her day. ...

However, Burney made up for this loss in later years. The first entry in her journal or diary was made on May 30, 1768, addressed to "Miss Nobody," and it extended over seventy-two years. The earlier parts were savagely edited in later days, and much was obliterated by Burney herself in revising manuscripts. Editors Lars Troide and Joyce Hemlow recovered some of this obscured material while researching their late twentieth-century editions of the journals and letters. May 30 is the 150th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (151st in leap years). ... 1768 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

Burney kept the composition of her first novel a secret from her father, though her sisters were in on the secret. Evelina, or A Young Lady's Entrance into the World was planned out long before it was written down. Burney, who worked as her father's amanuensis, copied the manuscript in a "disguised hand" to prevent any identification of the book with the Burneys, thinking that her own handwriting might be recognized by a publisher. It was published by Thomas Lowndes in January 1778, but it was not until June that Dr. Burney learned its authorship, when the book had been reviewed and praised everywhere. Evelina is a novel written by English author Fanny Burney in 1778. ... 1778 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

Hester Thrale wrote to Dr. Burney on July 22: "Mr. Johnson returned home full of the Prayes of the Book I had lent him, and protesting that there were passages in it which might do honour to Richardson: we talk of it for ever, and he feels ardent after the denouement; he could not get rid of the Rogue, he said." Miss Burney soon visited the Thrales at Streatham Place, "the most consequential day I have spent since my birth" she calls the occasion. It was the prelude to much longer visits there. Dr. Johnson's best compliments were eagerly transcribed in her diary. His affectionate friendship for "little Burney" only ceased with his death. Hester Lynch Thrale by Sir Joshua Reynolds Hester Lynch Thrale (born Hester Lynch Salusbury and after her second marriage, Hester Lynch Piozzi ) (16 January 1741 (she mistakenly celebrated her own birthday on 27 January) - May 2, 1821) was a British diarist, author, and a friend and confidante of Samuel Johnson. ... July 22 is the 203rd day (204th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 162 days remaining. ... Hester Lynch Thrale by Sir Joshua Reynolds Hester Lynch Thrale (born Hester Lynch Salusbury and after her second marriage, Hester Lynch Piozzi ) (16 January 1741 (she mistakenly celebrated her own birthday on 27 January) - May 2, 1821) was a British diarist, author, and a friend and confidante of Samuel Johnson. ... The A205 or South Circular Road is a roughly semicircular trunk road that joins west London to east London via south London. ...

Evelina was a continued success. Sir Joshua Reynolds sat up all night to read it, as did Edmund Burke, who came next to Johnson in Burney's esteem. She was introduced to Elizabeth Montagu and the other bluestocking ladies, to Richard Brinsley Sheridan, and to the gay Mrs. Mary Cholmondeley, the sister of Peg Woffington, whose manners, as described in the diary, explain much of Evelina. At the suggestion of Thrale, and with offers of help from Arthur Murphy and encouragement from Sheridan, Burney began to write a comedy. Crisp tried to dissuade her, and the piece, The Witlings, was suppressed in deference to the views of "her two 'daddies.'" The piece may have contained satirical hits at contemporaries. Sir Joshua Reynolds Sir Joshua Reynolds (July 16, 1723–February 23, 1792) was the most important and influential of eighteenth-century English painters, specialising in portraits and promoting the Grand Style in painting which depended on idealization of the imperfect. ... Edmund Burke (January 12, 1729 – July 9, 1797) was an Anglo-Irish statesman, author, orator, political theorist, and philosopher, who served for many years in the British House of Commons as a member of the Whig party. ... Elizabeth Montagu (1720 - 1800), was an English literary critic. ... The Bluestocking society was an informal womens social and educational movement that came into being in England in the mid-eighteenth century in imitation of a similar - though more formal - movement in France. ... Richard Brinsley Sheridan Richard Brinsley Sheridan (October 30, 1751 – July 7, 1816) was an Irish playwright and Whig statesman. ... Margaret Peg Woffington (c. ... Arthur Murphy (December 27, 1727 _ June 18, 1805), was an Irish writer, known by the pseudonym, Charles Ranger. ... Comedy has a classical meaning (comical theatre) and a popular one (the use of humour with an intent to provoke laughter in general). ...

Meanwhile her friendship with Thrale left her little time for writing. She went with her to Bath in 1780, and was at Streatham Place again in 1781. Her next book was written partly at Chessington Hall and after much discussion with Mr. Crisp. Cecilia; or, Memoirs of an Heiress, by the author of Evelina, was published in five volumes in 1782 by Messrs Payne & Cadell (who paid the author £250). Cecilia is more skillfully constructed than Evelina, and contains many examples of what Johnson called Burney's gift of "character-mongering." Burke sent her a letter full of high praise. Some of her friends found the writing too closely modeled on Johnson's, and Horace Walpole thought the personages spoke too uniformly in character. For alternate meanings see Bath (disambiguation) Palladian Pulteney Bridge and the weir at Bath Bath is a city in south-west England, most famous for its baths fed by three hot springs. ... 1780 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The A205 or South Circular Road is a roughly semicircular trunk road that joins west London to east London via south London. ... 1781 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Chessington Hall was a country house in the village of Chessington, Surrey. ... 1782 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Horatio Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford, more commonly known as Horace Walpole, (September 24, 1717 – March 2, 1797), was a politician, writer and forerunner of the Gothic revival. ...

On April 24, 1783, Burney's "most judicious adviser and stimulating critic," "Daddy" Crisp, died. He was her devoted friend, as she was to him, "the dearest thing on earth." The next year she was to lose two more friends. Johnson died; Thrale's remarriage alienated her from many friends, including Burney. Burney had met the celebrated Mrs. Delany in 1783, and she now attached herself to her. Delany, who was living (1785) in a house near Windsor Castle presented to her by George III, was on the friendliest terms with both the King and Queen, and Burney was honored with more than one royal interview. April 24 is the 114th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (115th in leap years). ... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Mary Delany, nee Granville (14 May 1700 – 15 April 1788) was an Englishwoman and letter writer of literary and artistic tastes. ... 1785 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Windsor Castle: The Round Tower or keep dominating the castle, as seen from the River Thames. ... George III (George William Frederick) (4 June 1738 – 29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until 1 January 1801, and thereafter United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death. ...

Queen Charlotte, soon afterwards, offered Miss Burney the post of second keeper of the robes, with a salary of £200 a year, which after some hesitation was accepted. Unfortunately this position exhausted her and left her little time to write. She felt dominated by her superior, Mrs. Schwellenberg, who has been described as "a peevish old person of uncertain temper and impaired health, swaddled in the buckram of backstairs etiquette", and this was the worst part of Burney's duties. Duchess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Sophia Charlotte) (19 May 1744 - 17 November 1818) as Queen Charlotte was the queen consort of King George III. Coronation portrait of Queen Charlotte by Allan Ramsay, National Portrait Gallery // Birth, youth, and marriage Charlotte was the youngest daughter of Charles Louis Frederick, Prince of...

She had written nothing for four years, and felt she had used her best material. "What my daddy Crisp says," she wrote as early as 1779, "that it would be the best policy, but for pecuniary advantages, for me to write no more, is exactly what I have always thought since Evelina was published". However, Burney's journals from this time are full of amusing court gossip, and sometimes deal with graver matters, notably in the account of Warren Hastings' trial, and in the story of the beginning of George III's madness, as seen by a member of his household. On one famous occasion, she was chased by him at Kew Palace, an incident that at first frightened her but which she transformed in writing. 1779 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Warren Hastings (December 6, 1732 - August 22, 1818) was the first governor-general of British India, from 1773 to 1786. ... Three buildings at Kew, which is now a western suburb of London, have been known as Kew Palace. ...

After departing royal service

The strain told on her health, and Dr. Burney prepared with her a joint memorial asking the queen's leave to resign. She left the royal service in July 1791 with a retiring pension of £100 a year, granted from the queen's private purse, and returned to her father's house at Chelsea. (Dr. Burney had been appointed organist at Chelsea Hospital in 1783). 1791 (MDCCXCI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Statue of Thomas More on Cheyne Walk. ... Figure Court of Royal Hospital Chelsea The Royal Hospital Chelsea is a retirement home and nursing home for British soldiers who are unfit for further duty due to injury or old age, located in the Chelsea region of central London. ... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1792 Frances became acquainted with a group of French exiles, who had taken a house, Juniper Hall, near Mickleham, where Frances' sister, Mrs Phillips, lived. On July 31, 1793 she married one of the exiles, Gen. Alexandre D'Arblay, an artillery officer, who had been adjutant-general to La Fayette. They built Camilla cottage at Westhumble on the proceeds from Frances' third novel and her pension. In 1793 she produced her Brief Reflections relative to the Emigrant French Clergy. 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Statistics Population: Ordnance Survey OS grid reference: TQ171534 Administration District: Mole Valley D.C. Shire county: Surrey Region: South East England Constituent country: England Sovereign state: United Kingdom Other Ceremonial county: Surrey Historic county: Surrey Services Police force: Surrey Police Ambulance service: South East Coast Post office and telephone Post... July 31 is the 212th day (213th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 153 days remaining. ... 1793 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... An adjutant general is the chief administrative officer to a military general. ... Marie-Joseph-Paul-Roch-Yves-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette (September 6, 1757 – May 20, 1834), was a French aristocrat most famous for his participation in the American Revolutionary War and early French Revolution. ... The village of Westhumble is situated near Dorking, Surrey. ... 1793 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

Her son Alexandre was born on December 18, 1794. In 1795, her play, Edwy and Elgiva, was produced, which had been written during her unhappy time at court; it failed. In 1802 the family travelled to France, where Alexandre hoped to resume a position with the military. They remained for ten years, during which time Burney suffered a mastectomy without anaesthetic, for suspected breast cancer. The couple were trapped in Brussels by the Battle of Waterloo, and Fanny's Waterloo Journal is a useful source document. In the Gregorian Calendar, December 18 is the 352nd day of the year (353rd in leap years), at which point there will be 13 days remaining to the end of the year. ... 1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1795 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... --69. ... In medicine, mastectomy is the medical term for the surgical removal of one or both breasts, partially or completely. ... Anesthesia (AE), also anaesthesia (BE), is the process of blocking the perception of pain and other sensations. ... Breast cancer is cancer of breast tissue. ... Combatants France Prussia Allied army: -United Kingdom -United Netherlands -Hannover -Nassau -Brunswick Commanders Napoléon Bonaparte Michel Ney Duke of Wellington Gebhard von Blücher Strength 73,000 67,000 Allies 60,000 Prussian (48,000 engaged by about 18:00) Casualties 25,000 dead or wounded 22,000 dead...

She returned to England and published another novel, The Wanderer (1814), which fell flat. Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2005 est. ... 1814 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

She remained in Britain for the rest of her life, settling in Bath until her husband's death in 1818, and survived her father, sister (Mrs. Phillips), and son, not to mention Jane Austen, whose work seems to have been strangely unknown to her. Burney's last work was an edition of her father's memoirs (1832), written in an extraordinarily grandiloquent style, for which she cannibalized many of her own personal writings from years before. 1818 (MDCCCXVIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar. ... 1832 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

References

• This article incorporates public domain text from: Cousin, John William (1910). A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature. London, J.M. Dent & sons; New York, E.P. Dutton. • Burney, Fanny (1988). Lars E. Troide The Early Journals and Letters of Fanny Burney. Oxford: Clarendon. ISBN 0-19-812581-X. • Burney, Fanny (1986). Joyce Hemlow Selected

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
• This article incorporates public domain text from: Cousin, John William (1910). A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature. London, J.M. Dent & sons; New York, E.P. Dutton.
• Burney, Fanny (1988). Lars E. Troide: The Early Journals and Letters of Fanny Burney. Oxford: Clarendon. ISBN 0-19-812581-X.
• Burney, Fanny (1986). Joyce Hemlow: Selected Letters and Journals. Oxford: Clarendon. ISBN 0-19-818528-6.
• Doody, Margaret Anne (1988). Frances Burney: The Life in the Works. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP. ISBN 0-8135-1355-3.
• Hemlow, Joyce (1958). The History of Fanny Burney. Oxford: Oxford UP.

Encyclopædia Britannica, the 11th edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature is a collection of biographies of writers by John W. Cousin, published around 1910. ...

External links

• Verses written with Hester Thrale
• Works by Fanny Burney at Project Gutenberg
• Fanny Burney's own account of the mastectomy she underwent in 1811 from Mytimemachine.co.uk
• The Burney Society
• Valerie Patten, author biography of Frances Burney (1752-1840) at Chawton House Library