Fanya Baron (Фаня Барон ) (? - 1921) was a Russian anarchist revolutionary who is rumoured to have assassinated the head of the Okhrana (tsarist secret police). She lived in America from 1915 [1] to 1917 [2], when she returned to her homeland to build a post-revolutionary society. In 1921, she was executed by the Cheka. Jump to: navigation, search 1921 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Anarchism is a generic term describing various political philosophies and social movements that advocate the elimination of hierarchy and imposed authority. ... Jump to: navigation, search A revolutionary is a person who either advocates or actively engages in some kind of revolution. ... The Okhrana was the secret police of the Russian Empire and part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) in late 1800s, aided by Special Corps of Gendarmes. ... ... Jump to: navigation, search 1915 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Jump to: navigation, search 1917 was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. ... Cheka-KGB emblem: sword and shield The Cheka (ЧК in Russian) was the first of many Soviet secret police organizations. ...

A life lived in 36 months

Nabat and the Makhno movement

Fanya was involved in the Ukrainian Anarchist Confederation (active 1919-1920) who published a paper Nabat ("The Alarm"). The Nabat confederation had links with the Makhno movement. Several Nabat members (among them Fanya's husband Aaron Baron, Voline and Peter Arshinov) were active in the Cultural-Educational Section of the Makhno movement. Nestor Makhno in 1909 Nestor Ivanovich Makhno (October 27, 1889–July 25, 1934) was an anarchist Ukrainian revolutionary who refused to align with the Bolsheviks after the October Revolution. ... Vsevolod Mikhailovich Eikhenbaum (August 11, 1882 - September 18, 1945), known in later life as Voline (Волин), was a leading Russian anarchist. ... Peter Andreyevich Arshinov (Пётр Андреевич Аршинов in Russian) (1887 - c. ...

Voline and Aaron Baron were among anarchists who were arrested in a Cheka crackdown on anarchism at the end of 1920 (Avrich, 1973). It is likely that Fanya Baron was also arrested at this time.

Fanya and Aaron Baron circa 1917-1921

Fanya and Aaron Baron (25KB) Original Image: circa. ... Fanya and Aaron Baron (25KB) Original Image: circa. ...

Escape from prison

In early July 1921, Fanya escaped from Ryazan prison. She planned to help her husband Aaron Baron escape from prison in Moscow. Aaron's brother, a bolshevik communist, offered to help with the plan, and then betrayed her. Fanya was arrested by the Checka in 1921 [3]. Ryazan (Ряза́нь) is a city in Central Russia federal district, the administrative center of the Ryazan Oblast. ... Moscow (Russian: Москва́, Moskva, IPA:   listen?) is the capital of Russia, located on the river Moskva. ... Jump to: navigation, search Leaders of the Bolshevik Party and the Communist International, a painting by Malcolm McAllister on the Pathfinder Mural in New York City and on the cover of the book Lenin’s Final Fight published by Pathfinder. ... Communism - Wikipedia /**/ @import /w/skins-1. ... Cheka-KGB emblem: sword and shield The Cheka (ЧК in Russian) was the first of many Soviet secret police organizations. ...

Capture and execution

Fanya Baron was among 13 anarchists held at Taganka concentration camp without charges. In July 1921, they went on hunger strike, attracting the attention of visiting French, Spanish and Russian syndicalists who argued for their release. Trotsky remarked at the time "We do not imprison the real anarchists, but criminals and bandits who cover themselves by claiming to be anarchists". (Voline, 1947) Taganka is a district in Moscow (Russia), between the Moskva River and the Yauza River near the mouth of the latter. ... A concentration camp is a large detention center created for political opponents, aliens, specific ethnic or religious groups, civilians of a critical war-zone, or other groups of people, often during a war. ... A hunger strike is a method of non-violent resistance in which participants fast as an act of political protest or to achieve a goal such as a policy change. ... Syndicalism refers to a set of ideas, movements and tendencies which share the avowed aim of transforming capitalist society through action by the working class on the industrial front. ... 1915 passport photo of Trotsky Leon Davidovich Trotsky (Russian: Лев Давидович Троцкий; also transliterated Trotskii, Trotski, Trotzky) (October 26 (O.S.) = November 7 (N.S.), 1879 - August 21, 1940), born Lev Davidovich Bronstein (Лев Давидович Бронштейн), was a Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxist intellectual. ...

Ten of the 13 anarchists were released and deported on 17 September 1921: Voline, Vorobiov, Mratchny, Michailov, Maximoff, Ioudine, Iartchouk, Gorelik, Feldman and Fedorov. Fanya Baron and the poet Lev Chernyi were detained, to be executed later that month. Jump to: navigation, search Grigori Petrovitch Maximoff (1893-1950) was a Russian born anarcho-syndicalist who was involved in Nabat, a Ukrainian anarcho-syndicalist movement. ... Lev Chernyi (18??-1921) was a Russian anarchist poet who suffered imprisonment in Siberia under the Russian Czarist regime for his revolutionary activities. ...

Fanya was shot by the Cheka on 29 September 1921, her death becoming symbolic of the barbarity of bolshevik governance. Aaron Baron, was spared execution [4] until 1940, after spending 18 years in Taganka [5]. Cheka-KGB emblem: sword and shield The Cheka (ЧК in Russian) was the first of many Soviet secret police organizations. ... Jump to: navigation, search September 29 is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years). ... Jump to: navigation, search 1921 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Jump to: navigation, search Leaders of the Bolshevik Party and the Communist International, a painting by Malcolm McAllister on the Pathfinder Mural in New York City and on the cover of the book Lenin’s Final Fight published by Pathfinder. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1940 was a leap year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Taganka is a district in Moscow (Russia), between the Moskva River and the Yauza River near the mouth of the latter. ...

Eulogy

Emma Goldman wrote about the execution of Fanya Baron in My Further Dissilussionment in Russia: Jump to: navigation, search Emma Goldman (June 27, 1869 – May 14, 1940) was a Lithuanian-born anarcho-communist known for her anarchist writings and speeches. ...

Fanya Baron was of the type of Russian woman completely consecrated to the cause of humanity. While in America she gave all her spare time and a goodly part of her meagre earnings in a factory to further Anarchist propaganda. Years afterward, when I met her in Kharkov, her zeal and devotion had become intensified by the persecution she and her comrades had endured since their return to Russia. She possessed unbounded courage and a generous spirit. She could perform the most difficult task and deprive herself of the last piece of bread with grace and utter selflessness. Under harrowing conditions of travel, Fanya went up and down the Ukraina to spread the Nabat, organize the workers and peasants, or bring help and succour to her imprisoned comrades. She was one of the victims of the Butyrki raid, when she had been dragged by her hair and badly beaten. After her escape from the Ryazan prison she tramped on foot to Moscow, where she arrived in tatters and penniless. It was her desperate condition which drove her to seek shelter with her husband's brother, at whose house she was discovered by the Tcheka. This big-hearted woman, who had served the Social Revolution all her life, was done to, death by the people who pretended to be the advance guard of revolution. Not content with the crime of killing Fanya Baron, the Soviet Government put the stigma of banditism on the memory of their dead victim.

Fanya Baron in contemporary culture

An Australian anarchist bookshop, Jura Books, has named their library collection The Fanya Baron Library in honour of her courage and sacrifice for anarchist revolution.

See also

• Anarchism
• Peter Arshinov
• Alexander Berkman
• Emma Goldman
• Nestor Makhno
• Okhrana
• Russian revolution

Jump to: navigation, search Anarchism can refer to any of a range of political views, characterized by a rejection of authority in various forms. ... Peter Andreyevich Arshinov (Пётр Андреевич Аршинов in Russian) (1887 - c. ... Alexander Berkman together with Emma Goldman in 1917 Alexander Berkman (21 November 1870 - 28 June 1936) was a Russian writer and activist who lived and worked for many years in the United States, where he was a leading member of the anarchist movement. ... Jump to: navigation, search Emma Goldman (June 27, 1869 – May 14, 1940) was a Lithuanian-born anarcho-communist known for her anarchist writings and speeches. ... Jump to: navigation, search This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The Okhrana was the secret police of the Russian Empire and part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) in late 1800s, aided by Special Corps of Gendarmes. ... Jump to: navigation, search The phrase Russian Revolution can refer to the following events in the history of Russia. ...

Sources

• Avrich, Paul (Editor), 1973, The Anarachists in the Russian Revolution
• Berkman, Alexander, 1922, The Bolshevik Myth
• Goldman, Emma My Further Dissillusionment in Russia
• Goldman, Emma Living my Life (Volume 2)
• Serge, Victor, July, August 1920, The Anarchists and the Experience of the Russian Revolution
• Voline, The Unknown Revolution, Black Rose Books 1974 (originally published 1947)
• Woodcock, George, 1944, Socialism from Below: A History of Anarchism

Paul Avrich is a professor and historian. ... Alexander Berkman together with Emma Goldman in 1917 Alexander Berkman (21 November 1870 - 28 June 1936) was a Russian writer and activist who lived and worked for many years in the United States, where he was a leading member of the anarchist movement. ... Jump to: navigation, search Emma Goldman (June 27, 1869 – May 14, 1940) was a Lithuanian-born anarcho-communist known for her anarchist writings and speeches. ... Jump to: navigation, search Emma Goldman (June 27, 1869 – May 14, 1940) was a Lithuanian-born anarcho-communist known for her anarchist writings and speeches. ... Victor Lvovich Kibalchich (Ð’.Л. Кибальчич) (1890-1947) (better known as Victor Serge) was born in Brussels, the son of Russian Narodnik exiles. ... Vsevolod Mikhailovich Eikhenbaum (August 11, 1882 - September 18, 1945), known in later life as Voline (Волин), was a leading Russian anarchist. ... George Woodcock (May 8, 1912 - January 28, 1995) was a Canadian writer. ...

External links

• The Fanya Baron Library at Jura Books