Farinelli, by Wagner after Amigoni 1735

Farinelli (January 24, 1705 – September 16, 1782), was the stage name of Carlo Broschi, one of the most famous Italian soprano castrato singers of the 18th century. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events Construction begins on Blenheim Palace, in Oxfordshire, England. ... // 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr declared Prince of Wales by his followers. ... 1782 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... A stage name, also called a screen name, is a pseudonym used by performers and entertainers such as actors, comedians, musicians, djs, clowns, and professional wrestlers. ... A castrato is a male soprano, mezzo-soprano, or alto voice produced either by castration of the singer before puberty or one who, because of an endocrinological condition, never reaches sexual maturity. ...

Early years

Broschi was born in Andria (now in the Italian region of Apulia) into a family of musicians. As recorded in the baptismal register of the church of S. Nicola in Andria, his father Salvatore was a composer and maestro di cappella of the city's cathedral, and his mother, Caterina Barrese, a citizen of Naples. The Duke of Andria, Fabrizio Carafa, a member of one of the most prestigious families of the Neapolitan nobility, honoured Maestro Broschi by taking a leading part in the baptism of his second son, who was christened Carlo Maria Michelangelo Nicola (in later life, Farinelli wrote: "Il Duca d'Andria mi tenne al fonte" - "the Duke of Andria held me at the font"). In 1706 Salvatore also took up the non-musical post of governor of the town of Maratea (on the western coast of what is now Basilicata), and in 1709 that of Terlizzi (some twenty miles south-east of Andria). Unlike many castrati, who came from poor families, Farinelli's background was "well-to-do", there even being minor nobility amongst his ancestors on both sides of the family. Country Italy Region Bari Province Bari (BA) Mayor Elevation 151 m Area 407 km² Population  - Total (as of December 31, 2004) 95,653  - Density 226/km² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Coordinates Gentilic Andriesi Dialing code 0883 Postal code 70031 Frazioni Castel del Monte, Montegrosso Patron St. ... This article is about the Italian region. ... Maratea is a town and comune in the province of Potenza, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata. ...

From 1707, the Broschi family had been living in the coastal city of Barletta, only a few miles from Andria itself, but at the end of 1711, they made the much longer move to the capital city of Naples, where, in 1712 Carlo's elder brother Riccardo was enrolled at the Conservatory of S. Maria di Loreto, specialising in composition. Carlo had already showed talent as a boy singer, and was now introduced to the most famous singing-teacher in Naples at that time, Nicola Porpora. Already a successful opera composer, in 1715 he was appointed maestro at the Conservatory of S. Onofrio, where his pupils included such well-known castrati as Giuseppe Appiani, Felice Salimbeni, and Caffarelli, as well as such distinguished female singers as Regina Mingotti and Vittoria Tesi; Farinelli may well have studied with him privately. Nicola (Antonio) Porpora (August 19, 1686 - March 3, 1768) was an Italian composer of Baroque operas (see opera seria) and teacher of singing, whose most famous pupil was the castrato Farinelli. ... Giuseppe Appiani (1740-1812) was an Italian painter of the Neoclassic periods. ... For the mathematician, see Luis Caffarelli. ...

Salvatore Broschi died unexpectedly on 4 November 1717, aged only 36, and it seems likely that this unforeseen event, and the consequent loss of economic security for the whole family, was a catalyst for the decision, presumably taken by Carlo's brother, for him to be castrated. As was often the case, an excuse had to be found for this always illegal operation, and in Carlo's case it was said to have been necessitated by a fall from a horse. Under Porpora's tuition, he progressed rapidly, making his debut, at the age of only fifteen, in a serenata by his master entitled Angelica e Medoro. The text of this work was the first by the soon-to-be-famous Pietro Trapassi, known as "Metastasio", who became a lifelong friend of the singer - Farinelli fondly remarked that the two of them had made their debuts on the same day, and each frequently referred to the other as his caro gemello ("dear twin"). The derivation of Broschi's stage name is not certain, but it was possibly from two rich Neapolitan lawyers, the brothers Farina, who may have acted as sponsors for his studies. is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events January 4 — The Netherlands, Britain & France sign Triple Alliance February 26-March 6 What is now the northeastern United States was paralyzed by a series of blizzards that buried the region. ... Pietro Trapassi (January 13, 1698 – April 12, 1782), Italian poet, is better known by his pseudonym of Metastasio. ...

Farinelli quickly became famous throughout Italy as il ragazzo ("the boy"). In 1722, he first sang in Rome in Porpora's Eumene and Flavio Anicio Olibrio, as well as taking the female lead in Sofonisba by Luc'Antonio Predieri - it was common practice for young castrati to appear en travesti. All these appearances were greeted with huge public enthusiasm, and it is from about this time that there dates an almost legendary story that he had to perform an aria with trumpet obbligato, which evolved into a contest between singer and player. The latter thought he had achieved prodigies of technique and ornamentation, only for Farinelli to surpass him so much that he "was at last silenced only by the acclamations of the audience" (to quote the music historian Charles Burney – this account cannot be verified one way or the other, since no surviving work which Farinelli is known to have performed at this time contains an aria for soprano with trumpet obbligato). Charles Burney by Sir Joshua Reynolds in 1781 Charles Burney (April 12, 1726 – April 12, 1814) was an English music historian and father of author Fanny Burney. ...

Career in Europe

In 1724, Farinelli made his first appearance in Vienna, at the invitation of Pio di Savoia, director of the Imperial Theatre. He spent the following season in Naples. In 1726, he also visited Parma and Milan, where Johann Joachim Quantz heard him and commented: "Farinelli had a penetrating, full, rich, bright and well-modulated soprano voice, with a range at that time from the A below middle C to the D two octaves above middle C. ... His intonation was pure, his trill beautiful, his breath control extraordinary and his throat very agile, so that he performed the widest intervals quickly and with the greatest ease and certainty. Passagework and all kinds of melismas were of no difficulty to him. In the invention of free ornamentation in adagio he was very fertile." “Wien” redirects here. ... For other uses see, Naples (disambiguation) and Napoli (disambiguation) Location of the city of Naples (red dot) within Italy. ... Parma is a city in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna, famous for its architecture and the fine countryside around it. ... For other uses, see Milan (disambiguation). ... Johann Joachim Quantz (January 30, 1697–July 12, 1773) was a German flutist, flute maker and composer. ...

Farinelli sang at Bologna in 1727, where he met, for the first time, the famous castrato Antonio Bernacchi, twenty years his senior. In a duet in Orlandini's Antigona, Farinelli poured forth unstintingly all the beauties of his voice and refinements of his style, executing a number of passages of great virtuosity, which were rewarded with tumultuous applause. Nothing daunted, Bernacchi replied by repeating every trill, roulade, and cadenza of his young rival, but performing all of them even more exquisitely, and adding variations of his own. Farinelli, admitting defeat, entreated his conqueror to give him instruction in grazie sopraffine ("ultra-refined graces"), which Bernacchi, with equal generosity, willingly consented to bestow. Antonio Maria Bernacchi Antonio Bernacchi (b Bologna, 23 June 1685; d Bologna, 1 March 1756) was an Italian alto castrato, composer, and teacher of music. ...

In 1728 Farinelli crossed the Alps for the first time, singing Torri's Nicomede at the Munich court, and also performing another concert before the Emperor in Vienna. In 1729, during the Carnival season at Venice, he was requested to undertake the role of Arbace in Metastasio's Catone in Utica, with music by Leonardo Leo, and he also appeared as Mirteo in the poet's Semiramide Riconosciuta, as set by Porpora. During this period he could really do no wrong - loaded with riches and honours, he was so famous and so formidable as a performer that one rival castrato, Gioacchino Conti ("Gizziello") is said to have fainted away from sheer despondency on hearing him sing. At this time Handel was also keen to engage Farinelli for his company in London, and while in Venice on January 1730, tried unsuccessfully to meet him. Events Astronomical aberration discovered by the astronomer James Bradley Swedish academy of sciences founded at Uppsala The founding of the University of Havana (Universidad de la Habana), Cubas most well-established university. ... Leonardo Leo (August 5, 1694 - October 31, 1744), more correctly Lionardo Oronzo Salvatore de Leo was an Italian Baroque composer, born at S. Vito dei Normanni, near Brindisi. ... George Frideric Handel, 1733 George Frideric Handel (23 February 1685 – 14 April 1759) was a German-born British Baroque composer who was a leading composer of concerti grossi, operas and oratorios. ...

Farinelli, by Corrado Giaquinto c1753

In 1731, Farinelli visited Vienna for a third time. There he was received by the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles VI, on whose advice, according to the singer's first biographer, Giovenale Sacchi, he modified his style, expanding his affective repertoire to include pathos and simplicity alongside bravura. After further seasons in Italy, and another visit to Vienna, during which he sang in oratorios in the Imperial chapel, Farinelli came to London in 1734. Image File history File links Carlo_Broschi. ... Image File history File links Carlo_Broschi. ... The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...

Farinelli in London

He arrived at a time when, in opposition to Handel's "Second Academy", performing at the King's Theatre, Haymarket, there had been established a rival "Opera of the Nobility", operating from a theatre in Lincoln's Inn Fields. This company had Porpora for its composer, and Senesino, who, after many years working with Handel had at last irrevocably quarrelled with him, as its principal singer. Financially, the new company had not been a success, running up huge debts during its first season of 1733-34; the engagement of Porpora's most famous pupil saved the day, for a while at least.

Farinelli first appeared for the Nobility Opera in Artaserse, a pasticcio with music by his brother Riccardo and by Giovanni Adolfo Hasse. The favourite airs were "Pallido il sole," set by Hasse and sung by Senesino; "Per questo dolce amplesso," by the same, and "Son qual nave," by Broschi, both sung by Farinelli. The first of these two arias gave rise to a famous incident, again reported by Charles Burney: "Senesino had the part of a furious tyrant, and Farinelli that of an unfortunate hero in chains; but in the course of the first air, the captive so softened the heart of the tyrant, that Senesino, forgetting his stage-character, ran to Farinelli and embraced him in his own." "Son qual nave", on the other hand, was composed by Riccardo Broschi as a special showpiece for his brother's virtuosic skills. Burney described it thus: "The first note he sung was taken with such delicacy, swelled by minute degrees to such an amazing volume, and afterwards diminished in the same manner to a mere point, that it was applauded for full five minutes. After this he set off with such brilliancy and rapidity of execution, that it was difficult for the violins of those days to keep pace with him." Pasticcio (Italian for hodgepodge) is a term used to describe a musical work assembled from portions of other musical works, usually by other composers. ... Senesino (Francesco Bernardi) (1690?-1750?) was a celebrated Italian castrato who worked in London for some time. ... Burney may refer to: // Ansar Burney renowned human rights activist Charles Burney composer and music historian Sir Charles Dennistoun Burney - British engineer and inventor Fahad Burney human rights campaigner Fanny Burney novelist and diarist Sarim Burney human rights activist Venetia Burney named the dwarf planet Pluto Ansar Burney Trust international...

Both the cognoscenti and the public adored him. The librettist Paolo Rolli, a close friend and firm supporter of Senesino, commented: "Farinelli has surprised me so much that I feel as though I had hitherto heard only a small part of the human voice, and now have heard it all. He has besides, the most amiable and polite manners ...". Some fans were more unrestrained: one titled lady was so carried away that, from a theatre box, she famously exclaimed: "One God, one Farinelli!" and was immortalised, for her pains, in a detail of Plate II of Hogarth's "The Rake's Progress" (she may also appear in Plate IV of his series "Marriage à la mode" of 1745). William Hogarth (November 10, 1697 – October 26, 1764) was a major English painter, printmaker, pictorial satirist, and editorial cartoonist who has been credited as a pioneer in western sequential art. ...

Though Farinelli's success was instantaneous and enormous, neither the Nobility Opera nor Handel's company was able to sustain the public's interest, which waned rapidly. Though his official salary was £1500 for a season, gifts from admirers probably increased this to something more like £5000, an enormous sum at the time. Farinelli was by no means the only singer to receive such large amounts, which were unsustainable in the long term. As one contemporary observer remarked: "within these two years we have seen even Farinelli sing to an audience of five-and-thirty pounds". Nonetheless, he was still under contract in London in the summer of 1737 when he received a summons, via Sir Thomas Fitzgerald, Secretary of the Spanish Embassy there, to visit the Spanish court.

At the court of Spain

Carlo Broschi Farinelli, wearing the Order of Calatrava, by Jacopo Amigoni ca 1750-52

Apparently intending to make his continental visit only a brief one, Farinelli called at Paris on his way to Madrid, singing at Versailles to King Louis XV on 9 July. Louis XV gave him his portrait set in diamonds, and 500 louis d'or. On 15 July he left for Spain, arriving about a month later. Probably influenced by contemporary theories on the usefulness of music as a therapeutic device passed on to her by her personal physician, Giuseppe Cervi, the Queen of Spain, Elisabetta Farnese, had come to believe that Farinelli's voice might be able to cure the severe depression from which her husband, King Philip V, had long suffered, to the severe detriment of affairs of state. Having sung before the King, on 25 August 1737, he was named Chamber Musician to the king, and criado familiar (this translates approximately as "honorary member of the Royal Family"). He never sang again in public. Though his singing cannot be said to have cured the King, this early music therapy certainly had some success: Farinelli became a royal favourite, and very influential at court. For the remaining nine years of Philip's life, Farinelli gave nightly private concerts to the royal couple. He also sang for other members of the royal family and organised private performances by them, and by professional musicians in the royal palaces. In 1738 he arranged for an entire Italian opera company to visit Madrid, beginning a real fashion for opera seria in the Spanish capital. The Coliseo of the royal palace of Buen Retiro was remodelled, and became Madrid's only opera house. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (682 × 908 pixel, file size: 283 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Faithful reproductions of two-dimensional original works cannot attract copyright in the U.S. according to the rule in Bridgeman Art Library v. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (682 × 908 pixel, file size: 283 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Faithful reproductions of two-dimensional original works cannot attract copyright in the U.S. according to the rule in Bridgeman Art Library v. ... The order emblem, a greek cross in gules with fleur-de-lis at its ends. ... Categories: Artist stubs | 1682 births | 1752 deaths | Italian painters ... Louis XV (February 15, 1710 – May 10, 1774), called the Well-Beloved (French: le Bien-Aimé), was King of France from 1715 to 1774. ... Elisabetta Farnese, queen of Spain Elizabeth Farnese (October 22, 1692 – July 11, 1766), Queen consort of Spain, also known as Isabel de Farnesio or Isabella Farnese, was the only daughter of Odoardo II Farnese. ... In everyday language depression refers to any downturn in mood, which may be relatively transitory and perhaps due to something trivial. ... King Philip V of Spain (December 19, 1683 – July 9, 1746) or Philippe of Anjou was king of Spain from 1700 to 1746, the first of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain. ... Music therapy is the clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions to accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship by a qualified professional who has completed an approved music therapy program. ... Opera seria is an Italian musical term which refers to the noble and serious style of Italian opera that predominated in Europe from the 1720s to ca 1770. ...

On the accession of Philip's son, Ferdinand VI, Farinelli's influence became even greater. Ferdinand was a keen musician, and his wife, Barbara of Portugal, little short of a musical fanatic (as long ago as 1728 she had appointed Farinelli's fellow Italian, Domenico Scarlatti, as her harpsichord teacher; the musicologist Ralph Kirkpatrick acknowledges Farinelli's correspondence as providing "most of the direct information about Scarlatti that has transmitted itself to our day"). The relationship between singer and monarchs was personally close: he and the queen sang duets together, and the king accompanied him on the harpsichord. During the new reign, his power within the court was virtually limitless, and he took charge of all spectacles and court entertainments. He was himself also officially received into the ranks of the nobility, being made a Knight of the Order of Calatrava in 1750, an honour of which he was enormously proud. Although much courted by diplomats, Farinelli seems to have managed to keep out of politics, but history eventually caught up with him. Ferdinand VI, (September 23, 1713 - August 10, 1759), king of Spain from 1746 until his death, second son of Philip V, founder of the Spanish Bourbon dynasty (as opposed to the French Bourbons), by his first marriage with Maria Louisa of Savoy, was born at Madrid on September 23 1713. ... Giuseppe Domenico Scarlatti (October 26, 1685 – July 23, 1757) was an Italian composer who spent much of his life in Spain and Portugal. ... Ralph Kirkpatrick (June 10, 1911–April 13, 1984) was a musician, musicologist and harpsichordist, born in Leominster, Massachusetts. ... The order emblem, a greek cross in gules with fleur-de-lis at its ends. ...

Retirement and death

In 1759, Ferdinand was succeeded by his half-brother Charles III, who was no lover of music. Charles was the son of Elisabetta Farnese, who had never forgiven Farinelli for his (professionally entirely understandable) decision to remain at court on the death of Philip V, rather than following her into internal exile. It was clear that Farinelli would now have to leave Spain, though he was allowed to retain a generous state pension. He retired to Bologna, where as long ago as 1732 he had acquired a property and citizenship. Though rich and still famous, much feted by local notables and visited by such notable figures as Burney, Mozart and Casanova, his was a lonely old age, not least because he had outlived many of his friends and former colleagues. One distinguished friend of his latter years was the music historian, Giovanni Battista (known as "Padre") Martini. He also continued his correspondence with Metastasio, still court poet at Vienna, dying a few months after him. In his will, Farinelli asked that he be buried in his mantle of the order of Calatrava, and was interred in the cemetery of the Capuchin monastery of Santa Croce in Bologna. His estate included gifts from royalty, a large collection of paintings, including works by Velázquez, Murillo and Ribera, as well as portraits of his royal patrons, and several of himself, one by his friend Jacopo Amigoni. He also had a collection of keyed instruments in which he took great delight, especially a piano made at Florence in 1730 (called in the will cembalo a martellini), and violins by Stradivarius and Amati. His original place of burial was destroyed during the Napoleonic wars, and in 1810 Farinelli's great-niece Maria Carlotta Pisani had his remains transferred to the cemetery of La Certosa in Bologna. Farinelli's immediate heir, his nephew Matteo Pisani, sold Farinelli's house in 1798. (It later became the headquarters of a sugar factory, and was demolished in 1949, having been much damaged by bombardment during the second World War.) Maria Carlotta clearly adored her famous great-uncle, and, having bequeathed many of his letters to Bologna's University Library, was buried in the same grave as Farinelli in 1850. Charles III of Spain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Burney may refer to: // Ansar Burney renowned human rights activist Charles Burney composer and music historian Sir Charles Dennistoun Burney - British engineer and inventor Fahad Burney human rights campaigner Fanny Burney novelist and diarist Sarim Burney human rights activist Venetia Burney named the dwarf planet Pluto Ansar Burney Trust international... Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (January 27, 1756 – December 5, 1791) was one of the most significant and influential of all composers of Western classical music. ... Giacomo Casanova (April 5, 1725 - June 4, 1798). ... Giovanni Battista Martini (April 24, 1706 - August 4, 1784), Italian musician, was born at Bologna. ... Velázquezs 1643 self-portrait This article pertains to the artist. ... Murillo is a village within the municipality of Oliver Paipoonge in Ontario, Canada. ... Ribera is a Spanish word meaning the basin of a river has several meanings. ... Categories: Artist stubs | 1682 births | 1752 deaths | Italian painters ... Antonio Stradivari, by Edgar Bundy, 1893: a romanticized image of a craftsman-hero One of the violins in the Stradivarius collection of the Palacio Real, Madrid, Spain A Stradivarius is a stringed instrument built by members of the Stradivari family, especially by Antonio Stradivari. ... Certosa di Pavia is the name of a famous monastery complex in Lombardy, Italy, situated near a small town (in Province of Pavia) with the same name. ...

Farinelli's other musical activities

Farinelli not only sang, but like most musicians of his time, was a competent harpsichordist. In old age, he learned to play the viola d'amore. He occasionally composed, writing a cantata of farewell to London (entitled Ossequiosissimo ringraziamento, for which he also wrote the text), and a few songs and arias, including one dedicated to Ferdinand VI. Viola dAmore from the mid eighteenth century (Library of Congress collection) The viola damore (Italian: love viol) is a 7- or 6-stringed musical instrument with sympathetic strings used chiefly in the baroque period. ...

Farinelli Study Centre

Farinelli lived in Bologna from 1761 until his death. The Farinelli Study Centre (Centro Studi Farinelli) was opened in Bologna in 1998. Major events and achievements include:

• The restoration of Farinelli’s grave in the Certosa of Bologna (2000)
• An historical exhibition Farinelli a Bologna (2001 and 2005)
• The inauguration of a City Park in the name of Farinelli, near the site where the singer lived in Bologna (2002)
• An international symposium Il Farinelli e gli evirati cantori on the occasion of Farinelli’s 300th anniversary of his birth (2005)
• An official publication Il fantasma del Farinelli (2005)
• The disinterment of Farinelli at the Certosa of Bologna (2006)

Disinterment

Farinelli's remains were disinterred from the Certosa cemetery on 12 July 2006. The stacking of the bones had degraded the condition of Farinelli's remains, but these included his jawbone, several teeth, parts of his skull and almost all of the major bones. Florentine antiquarian Alberto Bruschi and Luigi Verdi, Secretary of the Farinelli Study Centre, co-ordinator and general manager of the project, promoted the exhumation. The next day Carlo Vitali of the Farinelli Study Centre stated that the major bones were "long and sturdy, which would correspond with Farinelli's official portraits, as well as the castrati's reputation for being unusually tall." Maria Giovanna Belcastro of the Anthropology Institute of Bologna University, Gino Fornaciari, paleoanthropologist of the University of Pisa and engineer David Howard of York University are charged with deriving such new data on Farinelli and his lifestyle, habits and possible diseases, as well as the physiology of a castrato, as can be retrieved from these remains. Their research methods will include X-rays, CAT scans and DNA sampling. is the 193rd day of the year (194th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Luigi Verdi (born November 24, 1958 in Rome) is an italian composer, musicologist and orchestra conductor. ... Anthropology (from Greek: ἀνθρωπος, anthropos, human being; and λόγος, logos, knowledge) is the study of humanity. ... The University of Bologna (Italian Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, UNIBO) is the university of Bologna, the second biggest university in Italy. ... The University of Pisa (Italian Università di Pisa) is one of the most renowned Italian universities. ... York University (French: Université York), located in Toronto, Ontario, is Canadas third-largest university and has produced several of the countrys top leaders in the fields of law, politics, business, space sciences, and fine arts. ... In the NATO phonetic alphabet, X-ray represents the letter X. An X-ray picture (radiograph) taken by Röntgen An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength approximately in the range of 5 pm to 10 nanometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz... CAT apparatus in a hospital Computed axial tomography (CAT), computer-assisted tomography, computed tomography, CT, or body section roentgenography is the process of using digital processing to generate a three-dimensional image of the internals of an object from a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around...

Farinelli in popular culture and other contexts

A film, Farinelli, directed by Gérard Corbiau, was made about Farinelli's life in 1994. This takes considerable dramatic licence with history, emphasising the importance of Farinelli's brother and reducing Porpora's role, while Handel becomes an antagonist; the singer's time in Spain is ignored almost entirely. Farinelli's supposed sexual exploits are a major element of the film's plot. Though cinematically effective, they have no basis in reality. Farinelli is a 1994 biopic film starring Stefano Dionisi as Farinelli, an eighteenth century Italian opera singer, who was a castrato (a man castrated to prevent his voice from breaking). ... Gérard Corbiau (Brussels, September 19, 1941 –) is a Belgian film director. ...

The film is not the first dramatic work to take Farinelli's life as its source material. He appears as a character in the opera La Part du Diable, composed by Daniel Auber to a libretto by Eugène Scribe, and has the title-role in an opera by the English composer John Barnett, first performed at Drury Lane in 1839, where his part is, oddly, written for a tenor (this work is itself an adaptation of the anonymous Farinelli, ou le Bouffe du Roi, premiered in Paris in 1835). More recent operas include Matteo d'Amico's Farinelli, la voce perduta (1996) and Farinelli, oder die Macht des Gesanges by Siegfried Matthus (1998). Daniel François Esprit Auber (January 29, 1782 - May 13, 1871), French composer, the son of a Paris print-seller, was born in Caen in Normandy. ... Augustin Eugène Scribe (December 24, 1791 - February 20, 1861), was a French dramatist and librettist. ... John Barnett (1802—1890), English musical composer, son of a Prussian named Bernhard Beer, who changed his name on settling in England as a jeweller, was born at Bedford, and at the age of eleven sang on the Lyceum stage in London. ... Drury Lane is a street in the Covent Garden area of London, running between Aldwych and High Holborn. ... Siegfried Matthus (* 13. ...

In L.E. Modesitt's Spellsong Cycle, the soprano sorceress Anna names her horse (a gelding) Farinelli. L. E. (Leland Exton) Modesitt, Jr was born in 1943 in Denver, Colorado. ...

In the background of Blink 182's music video, Dammit, a poster advertising the film Farinelli can be seen. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Dammit is the first single by Blink-182 from the 1997 album Dude Ranch. ...

References

• this entry was originally based on that in the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica
• article on Farinelli in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, edited by Stanley Sadie (2001)
• Heriot, A: The castrati in Opera (London, 1956), pp 95–110
• Cappelletto, S: La voce perduta (Turin, 1995); the most recent biography of the singer
• Pérez Samper, M A: Isabel de Farnesio (Barcelona, 2003), pp 387–397
• Farinelli (British Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies; vol 28, no 3 (Oxford, 2005); the most recent collection of articles about the singer
• Crow, C: Orchestration… Or Castration (History Today, September 2006; vol 56, no 9, pp 4–5)

(Redirected from 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica) The Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1911) in many ways represents the sum of knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century. ...

External links

• Farinelli Study Centre
• Castrato superstar disinterred