Part of the Politics series on Fascism

Definition Definitions of fascism Politics is a process by which decisions are made within groups. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Image File history File links Fasces. ... What constitutes fascism and fascist governments is a highly disputed subject that has proved complicated and contentious. ... Varieties and derivatives of fascism Italian fascism Nazism Neo-Fascism Rexism Falangism Ustaše Clerical fascism Austrofascism Crypto-fascism Japanese fascism Greek fascism Brazilian Integralism Italian fascism (IPA; in Italian, fascismo) was the authoritarian political movement which ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943 under the leadership of Benito Mussolini. ... National Socialism redirects here. ... This page pertains to fascism after World War II. For a discussion of groups and movements that also include as core tenets racial nationalism, antisemitism, and praise for Hitler, see Neo-Nazism. ... Léon Degrelle Rexism was a fascist political movement in the first half of the twentieth century in Belgium. ... The Falange or sometimes the Phalange is the name assigned to several political movements and parties dating from the 1930s, most particularly the original movement in Spain. ... The UstaÅ¡e (often spelled Ustashe in English; singular UstaÅ¡a or Ustasha) was a Croatian organization put in charge of the Independent State of Croatia by the Axis Powers in 1941, in which they pursued Nazi policies. ... Clerical fascism is an ideological construct that combines the political and economic doctrines of fascism with theology or religious tradition. ... Supporters of the Austrian Christian Social Party in 1934 Austrofascism is a term which is frequently used to describe the authoritarian rule installed in Austria between 1934 and 1938. ... Crypto-fascism is when a party or group secretly adheres to the doctrines of fascism while attempting to disguise it as another political movement. ... This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims. ... From 1936 to 1941, Greece was ruled by an authoritarian regime under the leadership of General Ioannis Metaxas akin to that of Francos Spain. ... Brazilian Integralism was a fascist movement in the 1930s. ... Fascist political parties and movements Fascism as an international phenomenon To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... List of fascist movements by country Fascism in history Fascio March on Rome Italian Social Republic 4th of August Regime The neutrality of this article is disputed. ... For the movie by Dino Risi, see March on Rome (film) The March on Rome was a pseudo-coup détat by which Mussolinis National Fascist Party came to power in Italy. ... War flag of the Italian Social Republic. ... From 1936 to 1941, Greece was ruled by an authoritarian regime under the leadership of General Ioannis Metaxas akin to that of Francos Spain. ... Relevant lists List of fascists This is a list of persons who self-identify as fascists or adherents to a variant of fascism or related ideology (e. ... Related subjects Fascist symbolism Roman salute Blackshirts Corporatism Fascism and ideology National syndicalism Fascist Manifesto Black Brigades Actual Idealism Fascist unification rhetoric Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini National Bolshevism International Third Position Neo-Nazism Grand Council of Fascism Anti-fascism It has been suggested that Nazi symbolism be merged into this article or section. ... The Oath of the Horatii, by Jacques-Louis David The Roman salute is a gesture in which the arm is held out forward straight, with palm down. ... The Blackshirts (Italian: camicie nere) were Fascist paramilitary groups in Italy during the period immediately following World War I and until the end of World War II. Inspired by Garibaldis Redshirts, the Blackshirts were organized by Benito Mussolini due to his disgust with the corruption and apathy of the... Historically, corporatism or corporativism (Italian corporativismo) is a political system in which legislative power is given to civic assemblies that represent economic, industrial, agrarian, and professional groups. ... There are numerous debates concerning fascism and ideology and where fascism fits on the political spectrum. ... National Syndicalism is typically associated with the right-wing labor movement in Italy which would later become the basis for Mussolini’s Fascist Party. ... The Fascist manifesto was the initial declaration of the political stance of the founders of Fascism in Italy. ... Black Brigades (Italian: Brigate Nere) were one of the fascist paramilitary groups operating in Italian Social Republic (in northern Italy), during the final years of World War II, and after the signing of the Italian Armistice in 1943. ... Actual Idealism was a form of idealism developed by Giovanni Gentile that grew into a grounded idealism contrasting the Transcendental Idealism of Immanuel Kant and the Absolute idealism of Georg Hegel. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... Hitler redirects here. ... Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (July 29, 1883 – April 28, 1945) led Italy from 1922 to 1943. ... Flag of the National Bolsheviks. ... International Third Position (ITP) was a group formed by Nick Griffin and Derek Holland and as a continuation of the Political Soldier movement that originated in the right-wing British National Front in the early 1980s. ... The terms Neo-Nazism and Neo-Fascism refer to any social or political movement to revive Nazism or Fascism, respectively, and postdates the Second World War. ... The Grand Council of Fascism (Italian: ) was the main body of Mussolinis Fascist government in Italy. ... Anti-fascism is the opposition to fascist ideology, organization, or government, on all levels. ...

Fascism Portal Politics Portal · edit

Fascio (plural: fasci) is an Italian language word which was used in the late 19th century to refer to radical political groups of many different (and sometimes opposing) orientations. A number of nationalist fasci later evolved into the 20th century movement known as fascism. Italian ( , or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 80 million people primarily in Italy. ... A political party is a political organization that subscribes to a certain ideology and seeks to attain political power within a government. ... Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix Nationalism is an ideology that holds that (ethnically or culturally defined) nations are the fundamental units for human social life, and makes certain cultural and political claims based upon that belief; in particular, the claim that the nation is the only legitimate... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

During the 19th century, the bundle of rods, in Latin called fasces and in Italian fascio, came to symbolize strength through unity, the point being that whilst each independent rod was fragile, as a bundle they were strong. By extension, the word fascio came in modern Italian political usage to mean group, union, band or league. It was first used in this sense in the 1870s by groups of revolutionary democrats and socialists in Sicily, to describe themselves. The most famous of these groups was the Fasci Siciliani during 1895–96.^[1] Thereafter, the word retained revolutionary connotations. It was these connotations which made it attractive, for example, to young nationalists of leftist background who demanded Italian intervention in World War I. The fasci they formed were scattered over Italy, and it was to one of these spontaneously created groups, devoid of party affiliations, that Benito Mussolini belonged. ^[2] On August 18, 1914, Alceste de Ambris speaking from the rostrum of the Milanese Syndical Union (USM) began a ferocious attack against neutrality and urged intervention against German reaction and the necessity of aiding France and the United Kingdom in WWI. He equated the war with the French Revolution. Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... // Events and Trends Technology The invention of the telephone (1876) by Alexander Graham Bell. ... This article is in need of attention. ... Democracy is, literally, rule by the people (from the Greek demos, people, and kratos, rule). The methods by which this rule is exercised, and indeed the composition of the people are central to various definitions of democracy, but useful contrasts can be made with oligarchies and autocracies, where political authority... Socialism refers to a broad array of doctrines or political movements that envisage a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to social control. ... Sicilian redirects here. ... The Fasci Siciliani (1891-1894) was a popular movement, of democratic and socialist inspiration, which arose in Sicily between the years 1891 and 1893 and whose aim was the collective organization of farmers, workers and miners, especially in the areas rich with sulphur. ... 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... In politics, left-wing, the political left or simply The Left are terms that refer to the segment of the political spectrum typically associated with any of several strains of socialism, communism, social democracy or social liberalism, and defined in contradistinction to its polar opposite, the right. ... Combatants Allies: Serbia, Russia, France, Romania, Belgium, British Empire, United States, Italy, and others Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire Casualties Military dead: 5 million Civilian deaths: 3 million Total of dead: 8 million Military dead: 4 million Civilian deaths: 3 million Total dead: 7 million The First... Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (July 29, 1883 – April 28, 1945) led Italy from 1922 to 1943. ... August 18 is the 230th day of the year (231st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Alceste de Ambris (1874-1934) was an Italian anarcho_syndicalist. ... A neutral country takes no side in a war between other parties, and in return hopes to avoid being attacked by either of them. ... Reactionary (or reactionist) is a political epithet typically applied to extreme ideological conservatism, especially that which wishes to return to a real or imagined old order of things, and which is willing to use coercive means to do so. ... Liberty Leading the People, a painting by Delacroix commemorating the July Revolution of 1830 but which has come to be generally accepted as symbolic of French popular uprisings against the monarchy in general and the French Revolution in particular. ...

This caused a deep split within the Unione Sindacale Italiana (USI). The majority opted for neutrality. The Parma Labor Chamber, the USM, and other radical syndicalists left the USI and on October 1, 1914, founded the Fasci d'Azione rivoluzionaria internazionalista. On October 5, Angelo Oliviero Olivetti published their manifesto in the first issue of a new series of Pagine libere. Mussolini shortly thereafter joined this group and took leadership.^[3] Unione Sindacale Italiana (USI; Italian Syndicalist Union or Italian Workers Union) is an Italian trade union. ... Syndicalism is a political and economic ideology which advocates giving control of both industry and government to labor union federations. ... October 1 is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... October 5 is the 278th day of the year (279th in Leap years). ...

On December 11, 1914, Mussolini started a political group, Fasci d'azione rivoluzionaria, which was a fusion of two other movements: the above group, Fasci d'azione rivoluzionaria internazionalista and a previous group he started called the Fasci autonomi d'azione rivoluzionaria.^[4] December 11 is the 345th day (346th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ...

This new group was also referred to as the Milan fascio, of which Mussolini was the leader. January 24, 1915 was the turning point in the history of the fasci as their leaders met in Milan and formed a national organization.^[5] Milan (Italian: Milano; Milanese: Milán) is the main city of northern Italy, and is located in the plains of Lombardy, the most populated and developed region in Italy. ... January 24 is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1919, after the war had ended, Mussolini reconstituted the Milan fascio, using the new name Fasci Italiani di Combattimento ("League of Combat"). Other fasci of the same name were created, with the common goal of opposing all those — including the king and state — whose pacific leanings were deemed to be depriving Italy of the fruits of victory in the war. According to H. W. Schneider, the new Milan fascio was formed of roughly the same people who had been members of the older fascio in 1915, but with a new name and a new objective.^[6] 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Milan (Italian: Milano; Milanese: Milán) is the main city of northern Italy, and is located in the plains of Lombardy, the most populated and developed region in Italy. ... Look up monarch in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A state is an organized political community, occupying a territory, and possessing internal and external sovereignty, that enforces a monopoly on the use of force. ...

In November 1921, the Partito Nazionale Fascista (PNF), National Fascist Party, came into existence. 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The National Fascist Party (Partito Nazionale Fascista; PNF) was an Italian party, created by Benito Mussolini as the political expression of Fascism (previously represented by groups known as Fasci). ...

Other Italian Fasci

• Fasci of the Veneto led by Dino Grandi and Pietro Marsich.

Count Dino Grandi (1895-1988), born in Mordano (BO), Emilia. ...

Notes and references

1. ^ A History of Fascism 1914-1945, Stanley G. Payne, University of Wisconsin Press, 1995. p. 81
2. ^ By permission of author, Fascism, Noël O'Sullivan, J. M. Dent & Sons, London, 1983. pg 207.
3. ^ The Birth of Fascist Ideology, From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution, Zeev Sternhell with Mario Sznajder and Maia Asheri, trans. by David Maisel, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. l994. pp 140, 214.
4. ^ The Birth of Fascist Ideology, Zeev Sternhell, pg 303.
5. ^ By permission of author, Fascism, Noël O'Sullivan, J. M. Dent & Sons, London, 1983. pg 207.
6. ^ H. W. Schneider, Making the Fascist State, NY, 1928, pg 56, cited in Fascism, Noël O'Sullivan, J. M. Dent & Sons, London, 1983. pg 207.