Part of the Politics series on Fascism

Definition Definitions of fascism Politics is the process by which groups make decisions. ... Fascism (IPA: ) is a political ideology and mass movement that seeks to place the nation, defined in exclusive biological, cultural, and/or historical terms, above all other sources of loyalty, and to create a mobilized national community. ... Image File history File links Fasces. ... What constitutes fascism and fascist governments is a highly disputed subject that has proved complicated and contentious. ... Varieties and derivatives of fascism Italian fascism Nazism Neo-Fascism Rexism Falangism Ustaše Clerical fascism Austrofascism Crypto-fascism Japanese fascism Greek fascism Brazilian Integralism Iron Guard Italian fascism (in Italian, fascismo) was the authoritarian political movement which ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943 under the leadership of Benito Mussolini. ... National Socialism redirects here. ... This page pertains to fascism after World War II. For a discussion of groups and movements that also include as core tenets racial nationalism, antisemitism, and praise for Hitler, see Neo-Nazism. ... Léon Degrelle Rexism was a fascist political movement in the first half of the twentieth century in Belgium. ... Yoke and Arrows. ... UstaÅ¡e volunteers for the Waffen SS (Domobran Regiment) marching during a parade in the Independent State of Croatia. ... Clerical fascism is an ideological construct that combines the political and economic doctrines of fascism with theology or religious tradition. ... Supporters of the Austrian Christian Social Party in 1934 Austrofascism is a term which is frequently used to describe the authoritarian rule installed in Austria between 1934 and 1938. ... Crypto-fascism is when a party or group secretly adheres to the doctrines of fascism while attempting to disguise it as another political movement. ... This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims. ... From 1936 to 1941, Greece was ruled by an authoritarian regime under the leadership of General Ioannis Metaxas akin to that of Francos Spain. ... Integralist banner The famous Integralist salute, Anauê!, which means you are my brother! (belived by some to have originated in a Tupi language expression) Brazilian Integralism was a fascist political movement created in April 1933. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Fascist political parties and movements Fascism as an international phenomenon To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... List of fascist movements by country Fascism in history Fascio March on Rome Fascist Italy Nazi Germany Italian Social Republic 4th of August Regime The neutrality of this article is disputed. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... This is the history of Italy as a monarchy and in the World Wars. ... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... War flag of the Italian Social Republic. ... From 1936 to 1941, Greece was ruled by an authoritarian regime under the leadership of General Ioannis Metaxas akin to that of Francos Spain. ... Relevant lists List of fascists This is a list of persons who self-identify as fascists or adherents to a variant of fascism or related ideology (e. ... Related subjects Adolf Hitler Anti-fascism Benito Mussolini Black Brigades Blackshirts Class collaboration Corporatism Economics of fascism Fascism and ideology Fascist symbolism Fascist unification rhetoric Grand Council of Fascism Roman salute National Bolshevism National syndicalism Neo-Fascism Neo-Nazism Third Position Hitler redirects here. ... Members of the Dutch Eindhoven Resistance with troops of the US 101st Airborne in Eindhoven in September 1944. ... Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (July 29, 1883 – April 28, 1945) was the prime minister and dictator of Italy from 1922 until 1943, when he was overthrown from power. ... Black Brigades (Italian: Brigate Nere) were one of the fascist paramilitary groups operating in Italian Social Republic (in northern Italy), during the final years of World War II, and after the signing of the Italian Armistice in 1943. ... The Blackshirts (Italian: camicie nere or squadristi) were Fascist paramilitary groups in Italy during the period immediately following World War I and until the end of World War II. The term was later applied to a similar group serving the British Union of Fascists before the War. ... Volksgemeinschaft was an attempt by the German Nazi Party to establish a national community of unified mind, will and spirit. ... ‹ The template below has been proposed for deletion. ... The Economics of fascism can be studied by examining the economic policies of various countries under fascist control during the period between World War One and the end of World War II. Some scholars and analysts argue that there is an identifiable political economy of fascism that is distinct from... There are numerous debates concerning fascism and ideology and where fascism fits on the political spectrum. ... It has been suggested that Nazi symbolism be merged into this article or section. ... The neutrality of this article is disputed. ... The Grand Council of Fascism (Italian: ) was the main body of Mussolinis Fascist government in Italy. ... The Oath of the Horatii, by Jacques-Louis David The Roman salute is a gesture in which the arm is held out forward straight, with palm down. ... Flag of the National Bolsheviks. ... National Syndicalism is typically associated with the right-wing labor movement in Italy which would later become the basis for Mussolini’s Fascist Party. ... This page pertains to fascism after World War II. For a discussion of groups and movements that also include as core tenets racial nationalism, antisemitism, and praise for Hitler, see Neo-Nazism. ... The terms Neo-Nazism and Neo-Fascism refer to any social or political movement to revive Nazism or Fascism, respectively, and postdates the Second World War. ... International Third Position was a group formed by Nick Griffin and Derek Holland as a continuation of the Political Soldier movement. ...

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Fascio (plural: fasci) is an Italian language word which was used in the late 19th century to refer to radical political groups of many different (and sometimes opposing) orientations. A number of nationalist fasci later evolved into the 20th century movement known as fascism. Italian ( , or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 70 million people, primarily in Italy. ... A political party is a political organization that subscribes to a certain ideology and seeks to attain political power within a government. ... Eugène Delacroixs Liberty Leading the People, symbolising French nationalism during the July Revolution. ... Fascism (IPA: ) is a political ideology and mass movement that seeks to place the nation, defined in exclusive biological, cultural, and/or historical terms, above all other sources of loyalty, and to create a mobilized national community. ...

During the 19th century, the bundle of rods, in Latin called fasces and in Italian fascio, came to symbolize strength through unity, the point being that whilst each independent rod was fragile, as a bundle they were strong. By extension, the word fascio came in modern Italian political usage to mean group, union, band or league. It was first used in this sense in the 1870s by groups of revolutionary democrats and socialists in Sicily, to describe themselves. The most famous of these groups was the Fasci Siciliani during 1895–96.^[1] Thereafter, the word retained revolutionary connotations. It was these connotations which made it attractive, for example, to young nationalists of leftist background who demanded Italian intervention in World War I. The fasci they formed were scattered over Italy, and it was to one of these spontaneously created groups, devoid of party affiliations, that Benito Mussolini belonged. ^[2] On August 18, 1914, Alceste de Ambris speaking from the rostrum of the Milanese Syndical Union (USM) began a ferocious attack against neutrality and urged intervention against German reaction and the necessity of aiding France and the United Kingdom in WWI. He equated the war with the French Revolution. Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... // Events and Trends Technology The invention of the telephone (1876) by Alexander Graham Bell. ... Revolutionary, when used as a noun, is a person who either advocates or actively engages in some kind of revolution. ... For other uses, see Democracy (disambiguation). ... Socialism refers to a broad array of doctrines or political movements that envisage a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to social control. ... Sicily (Sicilia in Italian, Latin, Sicilian and Spanish, Σικελία in Greek) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,700 km² and 5 million inhabitants. ... The Fasci Siciliani (1891-1894) was a popular movement, of democratic and socialist inspiration, which arose in Sicily between the years 1891 and 1893 and whose aim was the collective organization of farmers, workers and miners, especially in the areas rich with sulphur. ... 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... In politics, left-wing, the political left or simply the left are terms that refer to the segment of the political spectrum typically associated with any of several strains of, to varying extents, liberalism, socialism, green politics, anarchism, communism, social democracy, progressivism, American liberalism or social liberalism, and defined in... Combatants Allied Powers: Russian Empire France British Empire Italy United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary German Empire Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Commanders Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Ferdinand Foch Herbert Henry Asquith Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Armando Diaz Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Franz... Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (July 29, 1883 – April 28, 1945) was the prime minister and dictator of Italy from 1922 until 1943, when he was overthrown from power. ... August 18 is the 230th day of the year (231st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Alceste de Ambris (1874-1934) was an Italian anarcho_syndicalist. ... A neutral country takes no side in a war between other parties, and in return hopes to avoid being attacked by either of them. ... Reactionary (or reactionist) is a political epithet, generally used as a pejorative, originally applied in the context of the French Revolution to counter-revolutionaries who wished to restore the real or imagined conditions of the monarchical Ancien Régime. ... The French Revolution (1789–1799) was a vital period in the history of France and Europe as a whole. ...

This caused a deep split within the Unione Sindacale Italiana (USI). The majority opted for neutrality. The Parma Labor Chamber, the USM, and other radical syndicalists left the USI and on October 1, 1914, founded the Fasci d'Azione rivoluzionaria internazionalista. On October 5, Angelo Oliviero Olivetti published their manifesto in the first issue of a new series of Pagine libere. Mussolini shortly thereafter joined this group and took leadership.^[3] Unione Sindacale Italiana (USI; Italian Syndicalist Union or Italian Workers Union) is an Italian trade union. ... Syndicalism is a political and economic ideology which advocates giving control of both industry and government to labor union federations. ... October 1 is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... October 5 is the 278th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (279th in Leap years). ...

On December 11, 1914, Mussolini started a political group, Fasci d'azione rivoluzionaria, which was a fusion of two other movements: the above group, Fasci d'azione rivoluzionaria internazionalista and a previous group he started called the Fasci autonomi d'azione rivoluzionaria.^[4] December 11 is the 345th day (346th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

This new group was also referred to as the Milan fascio, of which Mussolini was the leader. January 24, 1915 was the turning point in the history of the fasci as their leaders met in Milan and formed a national organization.^[5] Milano redirects here. ... January 24 is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1919, after the war had ended, Mussolini reconstituted the Milan fascio, using the new name Fasci Italiani di Combattimento ("League of Combat"). Other fasci of the same name were created, with the common goal of opposing all those — including the king and state — whose specific leanings were deemed to be depriving Italy of the fruits of victory in the war. According to H. W. Schneider, the new Milan fascio was formed of roughly the same people who had been members of the older fascio in 1915, but with a new name and a new objective.^[6] Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Milano redirects here. ... Fascio (plural: fasci) is an Italian language word which was used in the late 19th century to refer to radical political groups of many different (and sometimes opposing) orientations. ... Look up monarch in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other uses, see State (disambiguation). ...

In November 1921, the Partito Nazionale Fascista (PNF), National Fascist Party, came into existence. Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for full calendar). ... The National Fascist Party (Partito Nazionale Fascista; PNF) was an Italian party, created by Benito Mussolini as the political expression of Fascism (previously represented by groups known as Fasci). ...

Other Italian Fasci

• Fasci of the Veneto led by Dino Grandi and Pietro Marsich.

Count Dino Grandi (1895-1988), born in Mordano (BO), Emilia. ...

Notes and references

1. ^ A History of Fascism 1914-1945, Stanley G. Payne, University of Wisconsin Press, 1995. p. 81
2. ^ By permission of author, Fascism, Noël O'Sullivan, J. M. Dent & Sons, London, 1983. pg 207.
3. ^ The Birth of Fascist Ideology, From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution, Zeev Sternhell with Mario Sznajder and Maia Asheri, trans. by David Maisel, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. l994. pp 140, 214.
4. ^ The Birth of Fascist Ideology, Zeev Sternhell, pg 303.
5. ^ By permission of author, Fascism, Noël O'Sullivan, J. M. Dent & Sons, London, 1983. pg 207.
6. ^ H. W. Schneider, Making the Fascist State, NY, 1928, pg 56, cited in Fascism, Noël O'Sullivan, J. M. Dent & Sons, London, 1983. pg 207.