A fashion consists of a current (constantly changing) trend, favoured for frivolous rather than practical, logical, or intellectual reasons.

Fields prone to fashions

Fashions are social psychology phenomena common to many fields of human activity and thinking. Social psychology is the study of the nature and causes of human social behavior. ...

Although that concept frequently applies to clothes and other aspects of appearance, it can apply also to: (See also List of types of clothing) Introduction Humans often wear articles of clothing (also known as dress, garments or attire) on the body (for the alternative, see nudity). ... Variation in the physical appearance of humans is believed by anthropologists to be an important factor in the development of personality and social relations in particular physical attractiveness. ...

• music, art, politics, philosophy
• and even to mathematics, the choice of programming techniques,
• and also economic trends, such as those studied in behavioral finance,
• and so on

Fashion exists in the interstices of aesthetics with innovation, coupled with pleasing details and expense. This article needs cleanup. ... Although today the word art usually refers to the visual arts, the concept of what art is has continuously changed over centuries. ... Politics is the process and method of decision-making for groups of human beings. ... Philosophy (from the Greek words philos and sophia meaning love of wisdom) is understood in different ways historically and by different philosophers. ... Mathematics, often abbreviated maths in Commonwealth English and math in American English, is the study of abstraction. ... Computer programming (often simply programming) is the craft of implementing one or more interrelated abstract algorithms using a particular programming language to produce a concrete computer program. ... In statistics, a trend is a long-term movement in time series data after other components have been accounted for. ... Nobel Prize in Economics winner Daniel Kahneman, was an important figure in the development of behavioral finance and economics and continues to write extensively in the field. ... Aesthetics (or esthetics) (from the Greek word αισθητική meaning a perceiver or sensitive) is a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty. ... Innovation is the introduction of new ideas, goods, services, and practices which are intended to be useful (though a number of unsuccessful innovations can be found throughout history). ...

Fashion and variation

Albrecht Dürer's drawing contrasts a well-turned out bourgeoise from Nuremburg (left) with her counterpart from Venice, in 1496-97. The Venetian lady's high clogs make her taller.

The European idea of fashion as a personal statement rather than a cultural expression begins in the 16th century: ten portraits of German or Italian gentlemen may show ten entirely different hats. But the local culture still set the bounds, as Albrecht Dürer recorded in his actual or composite contrast of Nuremburg and Venetian fashions at the close of the 15th century (illustration, right). Fashions among upper-class Europeans began to move in synchronicity in the 18th century; though colors and patterns of textiles changed from year to year, (Thornton), the cut of a gentleman's coat and the length of his waistcoat, or the pattern to which a lady's dress was cut changed more slowly. Men's fashions derived from military models, and changes in a European male silhouette are galvanized in theatres of European war, where gentleman officers had opportunities to make notes of foreign styles: an example is the "Steinkirk" cravat (see Cravat). Self-Portrait, 1493, Oil on Canvas Albrecht Dürer ( May 21, 1471 - April 6, 1528) was a German painter, wood carver, engraver, and mathematician. ... This article is about the city in Germany. ... Venice is known for its waterways and gondolas Gondola. ... Plain willow-wood clogs, in use every day A clog is a type of shoe or sandal with a rigid, often wooden, sole. ... Self-Portrait, 1493, Oil on Canvas Albrecht Dürer ( May 21, 1471 - April 6, 1528) was a German painter, wood carver, engraver, and mathematician. ... Modern neckties, shown here tied as if they were on a person, may be found in a plethora of colours and designs. ...

The pace of change picked up in the 1780s with the publication of French engravings that showed the latest Paris styles. By 1800, all Western Europeans were dressing alike: local variation became first a sign of provincial culture, and then a badge of the conservative peasant (James Laver; Fernand Braudel). Categories: 1911 Britannica | Historical stubs | Feudalism ... Fernand Braudel (August 24, 1902 - November 27, 1985) was a historian who revolutionized the 20th century study of the discipline by considering the effects of economics and geography on global history, a prominent member of the Annales School of historiography, who concentrated on meticulous historical analysis in the social sciences. ...

Fashion in clothes has allowed wearers to express emotion or solidarity with other people for millennia. Modern Westerners have a wide choice available in the selection of their clothes. What a person chooses to wear can reflect their personality or likes. When people who have cultural status start to wear new or different clothes a fashion trend may start; people who like or respect them may start to wear clothes of a similar style. In psychology and common terminology, emotion is the language of a persons internal state of being, normally based in or tied to their internal (physical) and external (social) sensory feeling. ... For alternative meanings for The West in the United States, see the U.S. West and American West. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Status is a state, condition or situation. ... Clothing, see Fashion Writing, see style guide Flower part, see Flower Style (manner of address) Chinese courtesy name, see zi Web design, see Cascading Style Sheets Sundials, see sundial See also: Wikipedia:Manual of Style This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise...

Fashions may vary significantly within a society according to age, social class, generation, occupation and geography as well as over time. If, for example, an older person dresses according to the fashion of young people, he or she may look ridiculous in the eyes of both young and older people. The term "fashion victim" refers to someone who slavishly follows the current fashions (implementations of fashion).. A society is a group of people living or working together. ... Description An air embolism, or more generally gas embolism, is a medical condition caused by gas bubbles in the bloodstream. ... A social class is, at its most basic, a group of people that have similar social status. ... Generations redirects here. ... A profession is a specialized work function within society, generally performed by a professional. ... Physical map of the Earth (Medium) (Large 2 MB) Geography is the scientific study of the locational and spatial variation in both physical and human phenomena on Earth. ...

One can regard the system of sporting various fashions as a fashion language incorporating various fashion statements using a grammar of fashion. (Compare some of the work of Roland Barthes.) As with any complex, emergent concept, language is somewhat resistant to definition. ... This article is about grammar from a linguistic perspective. ... Roland Barthes (November 12, 1915 - March 25, 1980) was a French literary critic, literary and social theorist, philosopher and semiotician. ...

• Thornton, Peter. Baroque and Rococo Silks.

Fashion and the process of change

The changes in fashion of dresses in the late 18th century

Fashion, by definition, changes constantly. The change may proceed more rapidly than in most other fields of human activity (language, thought, etc). For some, modern fast-paced change in fashion embodies many of the negative aspects of capitalism: it results in waste and encourages people qua consumers to buy things unnecessarily. Others, especially young people, enjoy the diversity that changing fashion can apparently provide, seeing the constant change as a way to satisfy their desire to experience "new" and "interesting" things. Note too though that fashion can change to enforce uniformity, as in the case where so-called Mao suits became the national uniform of Mainland China. The term dress may refer to either clothing or attire in general a specific type of garment, discussed in the article on skirt and dress This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... As with any complex, emergent concept, language is somewhat resistant to definition. ... Thought or thinking is a mental process which allows beings to model the world, and so to deal with it effectively according to their goals, plans, ends and desires. ... Capitalism has been defined in various ways (see definitions of capitalism). ... In economics, consumers are individuals or households that consume goods and services generated within the economy. ... Communist leaders wear the Mao suit. ... The Great Wall of China, stretching over 6,700 km, was erected beginning in the 3rd century BC to guard the north from raids by men on horses. ...

Materially affluent societies can offer a variety of different fashions, in clothes or accessories, to choose from. At the same time there remains an equal or larger range designated (at least currently) 'out of fashion'. (These or similar fashions may cyclically come back 'into fashion' in due course, and remain 'in fashion' again for a while.)

Practically every aspect of appearance that can be changed has been changed at some time. In the past, new discoveries and lesser-known parts of the world could provide an impetus to change fashions based on the exotic: Europe in the eighteenth or nineteenth centuries, for example, might favour things Turkish at one time, things Chinese at another, and things Japanese at a third. The global village has reduced the options of exotic novelty in more recent times.

Fashion houses and their associated fashion designers, as well as high-status consumers (including celebrities), appear to have some role in determining the rates and directions of fashion change. Brief introduction on the history of fashion design and designers Fashion design is the art dedicated to the creation of wearing apparel and lifestyle. ... A celebrity is a person who is widely recognized in a society. ...

Fashion and status

Fashion can suggest or signal status in a social group. Groups with high cultural status like to keep 'in fashion' to display their position; people who do not keep 'in fashion' within a so-called "style tribe" can risk shunning (see also peer pressure). Because keeping 'in fashion' often requires considerable amounts of money, fashion can be used to show off wealth (compare conspicuous consumption). Adherence to fashion trends can thus form an index of social affluence and an indicator of social mobility. Status is a state, condition or situation. ... In sociology, a group is usually defined as a collection consisting of a number of people who share certain aspects, interact with one another, accept rights and obligations as members of the group and share a common identity. ... Peer pressure comprises a set of group dynamics whereby a group in which one feels comfortable may override personal habits, individual moral inhibitions or idiosyncratic desires to impose a group norm of attitudes and/or behaviors. ... Wealth usually refers to money and property. ... Conspicuous consumption is a term introduced by the American economist Thorstein Veblen, in The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899). ... Social mobility is the degree to which, in a given society, an individuals social status may change throughout the course of his or her life. ...

Fashion can help attract a partner. As well as showing certain features of a person's personality that appeal to prospective mates, keeping up with fashion can advertise a person's status to such candidates. Perhaps even more importantly, it sends a signal of superiority to potential competitors of the same gender, who are frequently better informed about what's fashionable than the potential mates are. Conversely, a person who exhibits a fashion style that rejects or deliberately tries to offend the current trend may also have an advantage in finding other like-minded individuals.

"Fashion sense" consists of the ability to tell what clothing and/or accessories look good and what doesn't. Since the entire notion of fashion depends on subjectivity, so does the question of who possesses "fashion sense". Some people style themselves as "fashion consultants" and charge clients to help the latter choose what to wear. Designers show the public what is new and in style by using fashion models to display the clothing. Image consultants help people revamp or create fashion sense. (See also List of types of clothing) Humans often wear articles of clothing (also known as dress, garments or attire) on the body (for the alternative, see nudity). ... A model is a person who acts as a human prop for purposes of art, pornography, fashion, advertising, etc. ... This page is a candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. ...

Fashion can operate differently depending on gender, or it can promote homogeneity as in unisex styles. Gender is the perceived masculinity or femininity of a person or characteristic. ... Gender-blind (or unisex) is a term describing activities undertaken and services provided without regard to the sex of those who participate. ...

Classification of fashions

Ethnically-based fashions:

• Chinoiserie
• Orientalism
• Primitivism

Modern underground fashion: Chinoiserie refers to an Chinese influence and is characterized through the use of elaborate decoration and intricate patterns. ... Orientalism is the study of Near and Far Eastern societies and cultures, by Westerners. ... This article is in need of attention. ...

• Cyberpunk fashion
• Punk fashion
• Gothic fashion
• Death rock fashion
• Black metal fashion
• Industrial fashion
• BDSM fashion / Fetish fashion
• Hip hop fashion

Cyberpunk fashion is a modern fashion movement, seen mostly in underground night clubs. ... Punk fashion is a fashion style largely associated with the punk movement during the late 1970s and early 1980s. ... Goths in southern Germany Gothic fashion is a style of dress of young people who identify themselves as goths. ... Death rock fashion is a distinctive style of dress, associated with death rock music. ... Black metal fashion refers to the style of dress preferred by listeners of black metal music. ... Industrial fashion is a form of fashion most closely associated with the industrial music scene. ... BDSM fashion is typically very revealing fetishistic black leather or PVC outfits with high-heeled boots and fishnet tights, derived from costumes worn in the BDSM scene. ... Some clothing styles fashionable in hip hop culture (such as loose, baggy garments) allegedly derive from uniforms issued to prison inmates, from hand me downs, or because they are useful when shoplifting. ...

See also

• Art movement
• Art styles, periods and movements
• Cyberprep fashion
• Fad
• Fashion footwear
• Fashion police
• fashion designer
• Fashion Modeling
• Haute couture
• i-wear
• Marketing
• Planned obsolescence (business)
• Trench coat
• Safari jacket
• Ski jacket
• Steven Cojocaru

An art movement is a tendency or style in art with a specific common philosophy or goal, followed by a group of artists during a restricted period of time (usually a few months, years or decades). ... An art movement is a tendency or style in art with a specific common philosophy or goal, followed by a group of artists during a restricted period of time (usually a few months, years or decades). ... Cyberprep (a portmanteau word combining cybernetics and preppie) is a term that refers to a sub-genre of science fiction or role-playing game campaign that reflects the flip side of cyberpunk. ... A fad, also known as a craze, refers to a fashion that becomes popular in a culture (or subcultures) relatively quickly, remains popular, often for a rather brief period, then loses popularity dramatically. ... Shoe Fashion Properties Toe Open toe Closed toe Toe Style Pointy toe Round toe Style Pumps Slingbacks d’Orsay (Like pump without middle) Slides (Mules if closed toe), Sandals Mary Janes Height Flat (0 – 0. ... Fashion Police was the title of a television program hosted by Joan and Melissa Rivers on the E! cable television channel in the United States in which Rivers mere and fille so criticise celebrities clothing. ... Brief introduction on the history of fashion design and designers Fashion design is the art dedicated to the creation of wearing apparel and lifestyle. ... A model is a person who acts as a human prop for purposes of art, pornography, fashion, advertising, etc. ... Haute couture (French for high sewing) is a common term for high fashion as produced in Paris and imitated in other fashion capitals such as New York, London, and Milan. ... The Absolute Zero’ jacket designed and developed by Corpo Nove through its research and development lab, Grado Zero Espace, Italy. ... Traditionally, Marketing has been a term applied to the craft of linking the producers (or potential producers) of a product or service with customers, both existing and potential. ... Planned obsolescence is the marketing strategy of deliberately introducing obsolescence into a product strategy. ... For the Walt Disney Company film, see Trenchcoat (movie). ... A safari jacket is a garment originally designed for the purpose of going on safari; the word safari entered English from Swahili in 1890. ... A ski jacket is a garment meant for participating in winter sports, especially Nordic (cross-country) or Alpine (down-hill) skiing. ... Steven Cojocaru (born on January 5, 1965) is a fashion expert from Montreal, Canada of Romanian origin. ...

Further reading

• THE HISTORY OF FASHION IN FRANCE (http://fax.libs.uga.edu/GT850xC4/), by M. Augustin Challamel, (1882 Eng. Trans.)
• LACY'S DRAMATIC COSTUMES (http://fax.libs.uga.edu/GT513xL32/), collected & edited by Thomas Hailes Lacy, 1865 & 1868
• The chapter on Fashion in Georg Simmel, on Individuality & Social Forms, Selected Writings, Georg Simmel, edited by Donald N. Levine, University of Chicago Press, 1971, hardcover, 393 pages, ISBN 0226757757

Films about fashion

• Mode in France (1984), Directed by William Klein
• Prêt-à-Porter (1994), Directed by Robert Altman
• Catwalk (1996), Directed by Robert Leacock
• Zoolander (2001), Directed by Ben Stiller