Part of the series on Islam Islam ▶(?) (Arabic: الإسلام al-islām) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions and the worlds second largest religion. ... History of Islam

Beliefs and practices

Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer · Fasting Pilgrimage · Charity Image File history File links I made this. ... The History of Islam involves the history of the Islamic faith as a religion and as a social institution. ... Aqidah (Arabic: عقيدة) is an Arabic Islamic term meaning creed. ... TawhÄ«d (also Tawhid or Tauhid or Tawheed; Arabic توحيد) is the Islamic concept of monotheism. ... The word Allāh is the Arabic term for God. It is most commonly used in Islam and refers to the eternal monotheist Deity. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Salah (also known as salat, solat, solah and several other spellings) (Arabic: صلاة, Quranic Arabic: صلوة) refers to the five daily ritual prayers that Muslims offer to Allah (God). ... Ramadan or Ramadhan (Arabic: رمضان ) is the ninth month of the Islamic year. ... // Headline text Islam Is Fab And Great The Hajj or Haj (Arabic حَجّ Ḥaǧǧ) is the Pilgrimage to Mecca (or, Makkah) and is the fifth of the Five Pillars of Islam in Sunni Islam and one of the ten Branches of Religion in Shia Islam. ... Beliefs and practices Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer · Fasting Pilgrimage · Charity Major figures Muhammad Companions of Muhammad Household of Muhammad Prophets of Islam Texts & law Quran · Hadith · Sharia Jurisprudence Biographies of Muhammad Branches of Islam Sunni · Shia · Sufi Sociopolitical aspects Art · Architecture Cities · Calendar Science · Philosophy...

Major figures

Muhammad Ali · Abu Bakr Companions of Muhammad Household of Muhammad Prophets of Islam This page is an incomplete list of prominent and famous (or infamous) people who are Muslims - followers of Islam. ... Muhammad is a common Muslim male name. ... For other uses, see Ali (disambiguation). ... Abu Bakr As Siddiq (Arabic ابو بكر الصديق, alternative spellings, Abubakar, Abi Bakr, Abu Bakar) (c. ... In the Islamic religion, the Sahaba (or Asahaaba,الصحابه; both forms are plural--the singular is Sahaabi, which is Arabic for friend, or companion) are the companions of the Prophet Muhammad. ... This is an Arabic phrase literally translated as People of the House, or family. ... The Quran identifies a number of men as prophets of Islam. ...

Texts & law

Qur'an · Hadith · Sharia Jurisprudence Biographies of Muhammad // Quran Text Surahs Ayah Commentary/Exegesis Ibn Kathir Al Tabari Al Kordobi Tafseer-e-kabir (by Imam Razi) Tafheem-al-Quran (by Moulana Maududi) Sunnah/Hadith Hadith (Traditions of The Prophet) The Siha-e-Sitta al-Bukhari (d. ... The Quran (Arabic: al-qurān literally the recitation; also called Al Qurān Al KarÄ«m or The Noble Quran; or transliterated Quran, Koran, and less commonly Alcoran) is the holy book of Islam. ... Hadith (Arabic: , Arabic pl. ... Sharia (Arabic: ; also SharÄ«ah, Sharia, Shariah or Syariah) is the Arabic word for Islamic law, also known as the Law of Allah. ... - Islamic jurisprudence, Fiqh (in Arabic and Persian: فقه) is made up of the rulings of Islamic jurists to direct the lives of the Muslim faithful. ... This article is not about the group of British engineering companies called Sira; see Sira (group of British companies). ...

Branches of Islam

Sunni · Shi'a · Sufi The religion of Islam has many divisions, sects, schools, traditions, and related faiths. ... There are several branches of Islam. ... Shia Islam, Shia (Arabic: شیعه) or Shiism (Arabic: شیعی) is the second largest Islamic denomination. ... Sufism (Arabic تصوف tasÌ£awwuf) is a mystic tradition of Islam, which is based on the pursuit of spiritual truth as a definite goal to attain. ...

Sociopolitical aspects

Art · Architecture Cities · Calendar Science · Philosophy Religious leaders Women in Islam Political Islam · Jihad Islamic tilework of the Shrine of Hadhrat Masoumah, first built in the late 8th century. ... Islamic architecture is the entire range of architecture that has evolved from Islam as a social, cultural, political and religious phenomenon. ... This is a list of cities that various groups regard as holy. ... The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar (also called Hijri calendar) is the calendar used to date events in predominantly Muslim countries, and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to celebrate Muslim holy days. ... Photo taken from medieval manuscript by Qotbeddin Shirazi, an Astronomer. ... Islamic philosophy (فلسفه Ù‰ اسلامى) is a longstanding attempt to create harmony between faith, reason or philosophy, and the religious teachings of Islam. ... Islamic religious leaders are persons who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, perform a prominent role within their community or nation. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Islam as a political movement has a diverse character that has at different times incorporated elements of many other political movements, while simultaneously adapting the religious views of Islamic fundamentalism, particularly the view of Islam as a political religion. ... Jihad (Arabic: jihād) is an Islamic term, from the Arabic root jhd (to exert utmost effort, to strive, struggle), which connotes a wide range of meanings: anything from an inward spiritual struggle to attain perfect faith to a political or military struggle to further the Islamic cause. ...

See also

Vocabulary of Islam Index of articles on Islam The following list consists of concepts that are derived from both Islam and Arab tradition, which are expressed as words in the Arabic language. ...

A fatwa (Arabic: فتوى) plural fatāwa (فتاوى), is a legal pronouncement in Islam, issued by a religious law specialist on a specific issue. Usually a fatwa is issued at the request of an individual or a judge to settle a question where ’’fiqh,’’ Islamic jurisprudence, is unclear. A scholar capable of issuing fatāwa is known as a Mufti. The Arabic language (; , less formally, ) is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ... Islam â–¶(?) (Arabic: الإسلام al-islām) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions and the worlds second largest religion. ... - Islamic jurisprudence, Fiqh (in Arabic and Persian: فقه) is made up of the rulings of Islamic jurists to direct the lives of the Muslim faithful. ... Jurisprudence is the scientific study of law through a philosophical lens. ... A Mufti (Arabic: مفتى ) is an Islamic scholar who is an interpreter or expounder of Islamic law (Sharia), capable of issuing fataawa (plural of fatwa). // Role of a Mufti in governments In theocracies like Saudi Arabia and Iran, and in some countries where the constitution is based on sharia law, such...

Contrary to what is believed by many non-Muslims, and even by the majority of Muslims, a fatwa is not binding on all persons professing the Muslim faith. The only ones who are obliged to obey any specific fatwa are the mufti who issued it and his followers.

The Sheikh of Al-Azhar University in Cairo, Muhammad Sayid Tantawy, who is the leading religious authority in the Sunni Muslim establishment in Egypt, said the following about fatāwa issued by himself or the entire Al-Azhar University: Al-Azhar University in Cairo Egypt Al-Azhar University, or Al-Azhar Al-Shareef (الأزهر الشريف; literally, The Noble Al-Azhar), is connected to the mosque in Cairo named to honor Fatima Az-Zahraa, the daughter of Muhammad, from whom the Fatimid Dynasty claimed descent. ... Although technically in Giza, The Great Pyramids have become a symbol of Cairo internationally Cairo (Arabic: القاهرة; transliterated: al-Qāhirah) is the capital city of Egypt (and previously the United Arab Republic) and has a metropolitan area population of approximately 15. ... Muhammad Sayid Tantawy (Arabic: محمد سيد طنطاوى ) is the Grand Imam (Head) of Al-Azhar Mosque, one of the most influential Sunni Muslim Institutions. ...

"Fatāwa issued by Al-Azhar are not binding; individuals are free to accept them or not. It is the right of Muslims in France who object to the law banning the veil to bring it up to the legislative and judicial authorities. If the judiciary decides in favor of the government because the country is secular, they would be considered to be Muslim individuals acting under compelling circumstances." [1] Al-Azhar Islamic university in Cairo Egypt Al-Azhar University is connected to the mosque in Cairo named to honor Fatima Az-Zahraa, the daughter of Muhammad, from whom the Fatimid Dynasty claimed descent. ... The French law on secularity and conspicuous religious symbols in schools bans students from wearing conspicuous religious symbols in French public (i. ...

Because Islam has no centralized priestly hierarchy, there is no uniform method to determine who can issue a valid fatwa and who cannot. Some Islamic scholars complain that too many people feel qualified to issue fatāwa. An Islamic scholar is a person that is a scholar of the religion of Islam. ...

Different Islamic clerics can issue contradictory fatāwa. The effect depends upon whether or not this takes place in a nation where Islamic law (sharia) is the basis of civil law. Sharia (Arabic: ; also SharÄ«ah, Sharia, Shariah or Syariah) is the Arabic word for Islamic law, also known as the Law of Allah. ...

In nations where Islamic law is the basis of civil law, fatāwa by the national religious leadership are debated prior to being issued. Thus, they are rarely contradictory. If two fatāwa were contradictory, the ruling bodies (combined civil and religious law) attempt to define a compromise interpretation that will eliminate the resulting ambiguity.

In nations where Islamic law is not the basis of law, Muslims often must face two contradictory fatāwa. In such cases, the fatwa deriving from leadership of their religious tradition would be honored. For example, Sunni Muslims would favor a Sunni fatwa over a Shiite one. There are several branches of Islam. ... Shia Islam, Shia (Arabic: شیعه) or Shiism (Arabic: شیعی) is the second largest Islamic denomination. ...

The overwhelming majority of fatāwa are on mundane matters (for examples see the archives linked below). Those declaring war or pronouncing death sentences are not at all representative, despite the attention they draw in media, but have become widely renowned.

One of the best known of these is the 1998 Fatwa proclaimed by Osama bin Ladin. See Osama bin Laden fatwa for details and List of famous fatāwa for other examples. A fatwa (Arabic: ), is a legal pronouncement in Islam, issued by a religious law specialist on a specific issue. ... Osama bin Laden issued a Fatwa in 1996 titled: Declaration of War against the Americans Occupying the Land of the Two Holy Places. ... A fatwa (Arabic: ), is a legal pronouncement in Islam, issued by a religious law specialist on a specific issue. ...

See also

• taqlid, ijtihad, ijma, Tafsir, list of Islamic terms in Arabic, posek
• List of famous fatāwa

Taqlid is typically considered blind following, and is allegedly what inspired the Wahhabi movement to eradicate forms of Sufism that had - per their perspective - departed significantly from both the spirit and practice of Islam. ... Ijtihad (Arabic اجتهاد) is a technical term of the Islamic law that describes the process of making a legal decision by independent interpretation of the sources of the law, the Quran and the Sunnah. ... Ijmāʿ (إجماع) is an Arabic tern referring to the consensus of the ummah, the community of Muslims, those practicing Islam, or of the ulema, those learned in the relevant topic. ... A tafsir ( (Arabic: تفسير )tafsīr, also transliterated tafseer, Arabic explanation) is Quranic exegesis or commentary. ... The following list consists of concepts that are derived from both Islam and Arab tradition, which are expressed as words in the Arabic language. ... Posek (Hebrew פוסק; pl. ... A fatwa (Arabic: ), is a legal pronouncement in Islam, issued by a religious law specialist on a specific issue. ...

Other uses of the word

Sometimes the word fatwa is used loosely or as slang for other sorts of decrees, for example:- Slang is the non-standard use of words in a language of a particular social group, and sometimes the creation of new words or importation of words from another language. ...

"The pope issued a fatwa." (in a BBC television history program)

"The town's scuba diving club's committee at last issued its fatwa about rebreathers."

The pope is the Catholic Bishop and patriarch of Rome, and leader of the Catholic Church. ... Corporate logo of the British Broadcasting Corporation The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is the national broadcaster of the United Kingdom. ... A television program is the content of television broadcasting. ... Early ideas of autonomous under-water systems appear in Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea Scuba diving is the use of independent breathing equipment to stay underwater for long periods of time for recreational diving and professional diving. ... A club is an association of people not united together by any natural ties of kinship, real or supposed. ... A committee comprises a mechanism of bureaucracy or of proto-bureaucracy whereby a limited number of people receive delegated functions of government or administration. ... Inspiration closed circuit diving rebreather A rebreather is a type of breathing set that provides a breathing gas containing oxygen and recycles exhaled gas. ...

External links

• The 1998 Fatwa summary and text
• The Fatwa and Revolutionary Islamic Movements
• Live Fatwa & archive
• Fatwa archive
• Osama bin Ladin’s Fatwa urging jihad against Americans
• Ask the Imam Fatāwa by Mufti Ebrahim Desai (The Fatwa Department)
• Salafi fatāwa