Fear of bees or bee stings is one of common fears among people. Apiphobia (from Latin apis for "honeybee") or melissophobia (from Greek melissa for "honeybee") is an abnormal fear of bees, a kind of specific phobia. A bee sting in the vernacular means a sting of a bee, wasp or hornet. ... Apis Species Categories: Stub | Insects ... Species Apis andreniformis Apis cerana, or eastern honey bee Apis dorsata, or giant honey bee Apis florea Apis koschevnikovi Apis laboriosa Apis mellifera, or western honey bee Apis nigrocincta Apis nuluensis Honey bees are a subset of bees which represent a far smaller fraction of bee diversity than most people... Melissa is a given name for a female. ... Families Andrenidae Apidae Colletidae Halictidae Megachilidae Melittidae Stenotritidae Bee collecting pollen Bees are flying insects, closely related to wasps and ants. ... Specific phobia is a generic term for any kind of anxiety disorder that amounts to an unreasonable or irrational fear related to exposure to specific objects or situations. ...

Cause and effects

Most people have been stung by a bee or had friends or family members stung. A child may fall victim by treading on a bee while playing outside. The sting is quite painful and results in swelling which stays for several days, so the development of some fear of bees is quite natural.

An excessive fear of bees in adults is generally associated with lack of knowledge. The general public is not aware that bees attack in defense of their hive, or when accidentally squashed, and an occasional bee in a field presents no danger. ^[1] Moreover, the majority of insect stings in the United States are attributed to yellowjacket wasps, which are often mistaken for a honeybee.^[2] The term Beehive can refer to several different things: Beehive (beekeeping) is a human-provided structure in which bees are induced to live and raise their young. ... Yellowjackets are black-and-yellow wasps of the genus Vespula or Dolichovespula (some can be black-and-white, the most notable of these being the bald-faced hornet, Dolichovespula maculata). ... Suborder Symphyta Apocrita See text for families. ...

Unreasonable fear of bees in humans may also have a detrimental effect on ecology. Bees are important pollinators, and when in their fear people destroy wild colonies of bees, they contribute to environmental damage. ^[3] What is more, many bee farms are actually rented for pollination of crops^[4], and as the fears of bees spread, it becomes hard to find a location for the colony because of the growing objections of local population. Ernst Haeckel coined the term oekologie in 1866. ... A pollinator is the agent that moves pollen from the male anthers of a flower to the female stigma of a flower to accomplish fertilization or syngamy of the female gamete in the ovule of the flower by the male gamete from the pollen grain. ...

Killer bees

A widespread fear of bees was triggered by rumors about "killer bees". In particular, the Africanized bee is widely feared by the American public, a reaction that has been amplified by sensationalist movies and some of the media reports. Since their introduction to the United States there have been 14 deaths from Africanized bees over the several year period, which makes them less hazardous than venomous snakes. As the bee spreads through Florida, a densely populated state, officials worry that public fear may force misguided efforts to combat them. The Florida African Bee Action Plan states, "News reports of mass stinging attacks will promote concern and in some cases panic and anxiety, and cause citizens to demand responsible agencies and organizations to take action to help insure their safety. We anticipate increased pressure from the public to ban beekeeping in urban and suburban areas. This action would be counter-productive. Beekeepers maintaining managed colonies of domestic European bees are our best defense against an area becoming saturated with AHB. These managed bees are filling an ecological niche that would soon be occupied by less desirable colonies if it were vacant. " ^[5] Africanized bees are hybrids of the African honeybee, Apis mellifera scutellata (or possibly ), with various European honeybees such as the Italian bee A. m. ... Species HYBRID (see text) Africanized honey bees (AHB), (known colloquially as killer bees) are hybrids of the African honey bee, Apis mellifera scutellata (not ; see Collet , 2006), with various European honey bees such as the Italian bee A. m. ... Wasp stinger, with droplet of venom Venom or zootoxin (literally, animal poison) is any of a variety of poisons used by several groups of animal species, for the purpose of defense and hunting prey. ... For other uses, see Snake (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Apiphobia

Apiphobia is one of zoophobias prevalent in young children and may prevent them from taking part in any outdoor activities. Older people control the natural fear of bees more easily. A recommended way of overcoming child's apiphobia is to train them to face their fears (a common approach for treating specific phobias).^[6] Programs vary. The English suffix -phobia is used to describe fear or hatred (the latter is often ignored) of a particular thing or subject. ...

Notes

1. ^ "Where are the Bees?" a transcript from Impact Television, a weekly TV series by University of Florida
2. ^ Bee or Yellow Jacket Stings, a hospital advise
3. ^ "The Birds, the Bees, and the Flying Foxes: Pollinators in Jeopardy"
4. ^ "The progress of Africanized Bees in the United States (1990-1995)" and online version of an article from California Agriculture, 51:22-25
5. ^ Florida African Bee Action Plan, by Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
6. ^ Fighting children's fears, fast, from Monitor on Psychology, Volume 36, No. 7, 2005, by American Psychological Association

The University of Florida (Florida or UF) is a public land-grant research university located in Gainesville, Florida. ... The American Psychological Association (APA) is a professional organization representing psychology in the US. It has around 150,000 members and an annual budget of around $70m. ...

References

• Howland Blackiston, Beekeeping For Dummies (2002) ISBN 0764554190 . Among other things, the book addresses the fear of bees and how to deal with apiphobic neighbors