2005 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December- →
2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... Featured articles Tsunami. ... 2005 : January _ February _ March _ April _ May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December- → Todays featured article Tsunami. ... 2005 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December- → Deaths in April • 22 – Philip Morrison Events Hannover Messe Fair, April 11-15 Technology-Innovation-Automation NAB2005 Convention in Las Vegas Worlds Largest Electronic Media Show Robonexus 2005 in Silicon Valley Related pages • 2005 in science... Todays featured article • Tsunami Deaths in May • None entered Other recent deaths Ongoing events • None entered Upcoming events • None entered Related pages • 2005 in science • 2004 in science • 2003 in science • 2002 in science • 2001 in science Other Years in Sci Tech May 20, 2005 South Korean scientists led... 2005 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December- → Todays featured article • Technetium Deaths in June • June 20: Charles D. Keeling • June 20: Jack Kilby Other recent deaths Events • 2005 Atlantic hurricane season • 2005 Pacific hurricane season • 46th Paris Air Show: June 13-19 Related... Todays featured article • Technetium Deaths in July • None entered Other recent deaths Ongoing events • 2005 Atlantic hurricane season • 2005 Pacific hurricane season Upcoming events • None entered Related pages • 2005 in science • 2004 in science • 2003 in science • 2002 in science • 2001 in science Other Years in Sci Tech July... Todays featured article • Technetium Deaths in August • None entered Other recent deaths Ongoing events • STS-114 mission • 2005 Atlantic hurricane season • 2005 Pacific hurricane season Upcoming events • None entered Related pages • 2005 in science • 2004 in science • 2003 in science • 2002 in science • 2001 in science Other Years in...

February 27, 2005

• GIMPS proves that 2^25964951-1 is a Mersenne prime. At 7816230 digits this is the largest proven prime. (Mersenne.org)

February 27 is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... The Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search, or GIMPS, is a collaborative project of volunteers, who use Prime 95 and MPrime, special software that can be downloaded from the Internet for free, in order to search for Mersenne prime numbers. ... In mathematics, a Mersenne prime is a prime number that is one less than a power of two. ... In mathematics and computer science, a numerical digit is a symbol, e. ...

February 24, 2005

• A fossilized foot of the carnivorous dinosaur Neuquenraptor argentinus, has been uncovered in Argentina. This species belongs to the Dromaeosauridae along with the Velociraptor, this grouping of raptors was previously thought to have only been present in the Northern hemisphere.(BBC)

February 24 is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... A fossil Ammonite Fossils are the mineralized remains of animals or plants or other traces such as footprints. ... Orders Saurischia    Sauropodomorpha    Theropoda Ornithischia Dinosaurs are animals that dominated the terrestrial ecosystem for over 100 million years. ... Neuquenraptor argentinus is the first raptor found from the southern hemisphere. ... Genera Achillobator Adasaurus Atrociraptor Bambiraptor Cryptovolans Dromaeosauroides Dromaeosaurus Deinonychus Graciliraptor Microraptor Pyroraptor Saurornitholestes Sinornithosaurus Utahraptor Variraptor Velociraptor Dromaeosaurids, raptors or members of the family Dromaeosauridae (running lizards) are theropod dinosaurs. ... Binomial name Velociraptor mongoliensis Osborn, 1924 A model of a velociraptor Velociraptor mongoliensis (fast thief), was an agile and slender theropod dinosaur species from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) with an up-curved skull and large sickle-shaped claws. ... The Northern Hemisphere is the half of a planets surface (or celestial sphere) that is north of the equator (the word hemisphere literally means half ball). On Earth, the Northern Hemisphere contains most of the land and population. ...

February 23, 2005

• Astronomers of a team led by Cardiff University, UK, have discovered an object VIRGOHI21 that appears to be an invisible galaxy made almost entirely of dark matter. This star-less galaxy is the first such object to be detected, using radio telescopes in England and Puerto Rico. It lies 50 million light-years away. Astronomers find star-less galaxy (BBC News)
• The Finnish security company F-Secure raises an alarm after Cabir, the first cell phone virus is spotted on two cell phones in a Santa Monica store. (EarthTimes) (Khalsa)
• A bacterium called Carnobacterium pleistocenium has been recovered from permafrost in Alaska. Believed to have been frozen since the Pleistocene, they came back to life when once they had been thawed, however they were shown to divide slowly and produce carbon dioxide and methane while frozen. This raises hopes of finding bacteria in the recently discovered frozen seas on Mars. (CNN) (BBC)
• Living bacteria from 400 metres below the seafloor in 16 million year old sediment have been discovered. The researchers propose that 70% of the world's microorganisms could live in ocean sediment and could produce significant amounts of methane by their anaerobic metabolism. (Nature)(BBC)
• The European Space Agency announces the March 4 Earth flyby of the Rosetta spacecraft to the public. It is expected to be visible with binoculars or other amateur instruments. Sky watchers everywhere are invited to submit their photos of Rosetta passing Earth to ESA. (space.com) (ESA)

February 23 is the 54th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... Cardiff University (Welsh: Prifysgol Caerdydd) is a university in Cardiff. ... VIRGOHI21 is a dark matter halo in the Virgo cluster. ... In cosmology, dark matter consists of matter particles that cannot be detected by their emitted radiation but whose presence can be inferred from gravitational effects on visible matter such as stars and galaxies. ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area  - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 1st UK 49,138,831 377/km² Ethnicity... Security is being free from danger. ... A company in the broadest sense is an aggregation of people who stay together for a common purpose. ... F-Secure (former DataFellows) is an anti-virus and computer security software company based in Finland. ... Cabir (also known as EPOC.cabir and Symbian/Cabir) is the name of a computer worm developed in 2004 that is designed to infect mobile phones running Symbian OS. It is believed to be the first computer worm that can infect mobile phones. ... Motorola T2288 mobile phone A mobile phone is a portable electronic device which behaves as a normal telephone whilst being able to move over a wide area (compare cordless phone which acts as a telephone only within a limited range). ... In computer security technology, a virus is a self-replicating program that spreads by inserting copies of itself into other executable code or documents (for a complete definition: see below). ... Santa Monica Pier Santa Monica is a coastal city located in western Los Angeles County, California, USA, by the Pacific Ocean, south of Pacific Palisades and Brentwood, west of Westwood, Los Angeles, and north of Venice. ... Carnobacterium pleistocenium is a type of recently discovered bacterium from the arctic part of Alaska. ... This article is about frozen ground. ... State nickname: The Last Frontier, The Land of the Midnight Sun Other U.S. States Capital Juneau Largest city Anchorage Governor Frank Murkowski (R) Official languages English Area 1,717,854 km² (1st)  - Land 1,481,347 km²  - Water 236,507 km² (13. ... The Pleistocene Epoch is part of the geologic timescale, usually dated as 1. ... Carbon dioxide is an atmospheric gas composed of one carbon and two oxygen atoms. ... The simplest hydrocarbon, methane, is a gas with a chemical formula of CH4. ... Mars, with polar ice caps visible. ... The seabed (also sea floor, seafloor, or ocean floor) is the bottom of the ocean. ... The simplest hydrocarbon, methane, is a gas with a chemical formula of CH4. ... An anaerobic organism or anaerobe is any organism that does not require oxygen for growth. ... The European Space Agency (ESA), established in 1975, is an inter-governmental organisation dedicated to exploration of space with currently 16 member states. ... March 4 is the 63rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (64th in leap years). ... Earth, also known as the Earth, Terra, and (mostly in the 19th century) Tellus, is the third planet outward from the Sun. ... Conceptual drawing of the Rosetta orbiter and Philae lander Rosetta is a European Space Agency-led unmanned space mission launched in 2004 intended to study the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. ...

February 22, 2005

• Researchers at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases have cultured the hepatitis C virus for the first time. The ability to replicate the virus in culture will allow for a more complete study of the virus life cycle, testing of antiviral compounds and may led to new treatment for liver disease caused by the virus. (EurekAlert!)

February 22 is the 53rd day of every year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... Hepatitis C is a form of hepatitis (liver inflammation) caused by a virus, the Hepatitis C virus (HCV). ... Three types of viruses: a bacterial virus, otherwise called a bacteriophage (left center); an animal virus (top right); and a retrovirus (bottom right). ... Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used specifically for treating viral infections. ... The liver is an organ in vertebrates including humans. ...

February 21, 2005

• Photos taken by the European Space Agency's Mars Express have revealed the presence of a huge, frozen sea laying just below the surface of Mars. (BBC) (CBS)(Globe and Mail)
• Researchers at the Los Alamos lab have developed a fast nuclear materials detector. (USA Today)
• A United Nations legal committee approves a ban on all human cloning, the non-binding measure will go to a vote in the General Assembly.(Nature)

February 21 is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... The European Space Agency (ESA), established in 1975, is an inter-governmental organisation dedicated to exploration of space with currently 16 member states. ... Concept model of the Mars Express spacecraft Mars Express is a Mars exploration mission of the European Space Agency and Italian Space Agency. ... Mars, with polar ice caps visible. ... Los Alamos usually refers to the United States national laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico which was founded during the World War II effort to develop the atomic bomb (the Manhattan Project), was one of the two laboratories developing the USAs nuclear weapons during the Cold War, and is... The United Nations, or UN, is an international organization established in 1945 and now made up of 191 states. ... Human cloning is the creation of a genetically identical copy of an existing human or growing cloned tissue from that individual. ... The term general assembly can refer to The largest unit of organisation in the polity of a (national) Presbyterian church, containing several synods or presbyteries. ...

February 20, 2005

• Microsoft issues a replacement offer for 14 million Xbox power cables, which were recalled after minor burns were reported by users. (PhysOrg) (Financial Express) (Toronto Star) (LA Times)
• Researchers in Australia have used a naturally occurring human virus Echovirus type 1 (EV1) to kill ovarian cancer cells in mice. They hope to start human trials within 18 months. (NEWS.com.au)

February 20 is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... Microsoft Corporation (NASDAQ: MSFT) is the worlds largest software company, with over 50,000 employees in various countries as of May 2004. ... The Xbox was Microsofts first game console, released on November 15, 2001. ... Three types of viruses: a bacterial virus, otherwise called a bacteriophage (left center); an animal virus (top right); and a retrovirus (bottom right). ... An echovirus is a type of RNA virus that belongs to the Enterovirus and the Picornaviridae virus family. ... Ovarian cancer is a malignant ovarian neoplasm (an abnormal growth located on the ovaries). ...

February 19, 2005

• NASA announces that it will resume space shuttle missions in May, launching the Discovery. This will be the first space shuttle flight since the fleet was grounded after the Columbia disintegrated in the atmosphere in February 2003. (VOA) (CNN) (Reuters)

February 19 is the 50th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which was established in 1958, is the agency responsible for the public space program of the United States of America. ... The Space Shuttle Columbia seconds after engine ignition, 1981 (NASA). ... This article is about the month of May. ... Shuttle Orbiter Discovery (NASA Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-103) is a NASA Space Shuttle. ... Shuttle debris falling over Texas, on Time cover The Space Shuttle Columbia disaster was the disintegration of the Space Shuttle Columbia (STS-107) over Texas on February 1, 2003, during reentry into the Earths atmosphere. ... February is the second month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2003 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

February 18, 2005

• In an unusual press release, NASA disputes earlier news reports from February 16 (space.com) that researchers at the Ames Research Center have found "strong evidence that life may exist on Mars." (SpaceRef.com)
• A research group has mapped single nucleotide polymorphisms from 71 individuals across the entire human genome. Patterns of genetic variation could help tailor drug therapy to particular patients. (Nature)

February 18 is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which was established in 1958, is the agency responsible for the public space program of the United States of America. ... February 16 is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Aerial View of Moffett Field and NASA Ames Research Center. ... Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in the solar system, named after the Roman god of war (the counterpart of the Greek Ares), on account of its blood red color as viewed in the night sky. ... A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism or SNP (pronounced snip) is a DNA sequence variation, occurring when a single nucleotide: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) or guanine (G) - in the genome is altered. ... The human genome is the genome of Homo sapiens. ... Pharmacogenomics is the branch of pharmaceutics which deals with the influence of genetic variation on drug response in patients. ...

February 17, 2005

• The Cassini spacecraft passes by Titan imaging a larger crater using its RADAR, and has the first close flyby of the moon Enceladus. (BBC)
• Researchers from the University of Michigan, Cornell University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Delft University of Technology and unveiled robots that walk like people at the American Association for the Advancement of Science's annual meeting . These robots walk by falling forward in a controlled manner, making movement very efficient compared to a robot like the Honda Asimo, however these new robots cannot climb stairs. (EurekAlert!) (Science)

February 17 is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... This is an artists concept of Cassini during the Saturn Orbit Insertion (SOI) maneuver, just after the main engine has begun firing. ... Titan (tye-tun, Greek Τιτάνας) is the largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the solar system[1], after Jupiters moon Ganymede. ... The word crater may refer to A landform resembling a pit or depression in the topography that can be formed in several ways: speculation exists that a meteorite impact with another body can cause an impact crater, an electrical discharge on any scale tends to form circular craters, volcanic activity... This long range radar antenna (approximately 40m (130ft) in diameter) rotates on a track to observe activities near the horizon. ... [4]; [5] Atmospheric characteristics Pressure trace, signficant spatial variability [6] Water Vapor 65% [7] Hydrogen 20% [8] Other CO2, CO, N2 [9] Enceladus (en-sel-a-dus, Greek Εγκέλαδος) is a moon of Saturn discovered in 1789 by William Herschel. ... University of Michigan, Ann Arbor The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor is a public coeducational university located in Ann Arbor, Michigan. ... For other uses of the name Cornell, see Cornell (disambiguation). ... The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, or MIT, is a research and educational institution located in the city of Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. MIT is a world leader in science and technology, as well as in many other fields, including management, economics, linguistics, political science, and philosophy. ... Founded in 1842, the Delft University of Technology, in Delft, the Netherlands, is one of the oldest, largest, and most comprehensive technical universities in the Netherlands, with over 13,000 students and 2,100 scientists (including 200 professors). ... A humanoid robot playing the trumpet In practical usage, a robot is a mechanical device which performs automated physical tasks, either according to direct human supervision, a pre-defined program, or a set of general guidelines using artificial intelligence techniques. ... The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is an organization that promotes cooperation between scientists, defends scientific freedom, encourages scientific responsibility and supports scientific education for the betterment of all humanity. ... Honda Motor Co. ... ASIMO is a humanoid robot created in 2000 by Honda. ...

February 16, 2005

• Two scientists from NASA's Ames Research Center claim to have found strong evidence that life may exist today on Mars. (space.com)
• Two human skulls called Omo I and Omo II, first discovered in Ethiopia in 1967 by anthropologist Richard Leakey, have been shown to be at least 195 000 years old. First estimated to be 130 000 years old, the reappraisal makes these the oldest human skulls discovered, and brings the fossil record in line with the genetic estimates of Homo sapiens emerging 200 000 years ago. (Nature) (ABC News)
• Researchers at Intel have developed a silicon laser that can produce a continuous beam of laser light. Such a laser is an important step on the path to creating computers that use light rather than electrical currents. (Nature) (PC World)
• The Huygens probe has detected a ratio of carbon isotopes in Titans atmosphere that suggests that the planet is geologically active. (New Scientist)

February 16 is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which was established in 1958, is the agency responsible for the public space program of the United States of America. ... Aerial View of Moffett Field and NASA Ames Research Center. ... Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in the solar system, named after the Roman god of war (the counterpart of the Greek Ares), on account of its blood red color as viewed in the night sky. ... Human beings are defined variously in biological, spiritual, and cultural terms, or in combinations thereof. ... 1967 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Richard Leakey Richard Erskine Frere Leakey (born December 19, 1944), son of Louis Leakey and Mary Leakey, is a renowned British paleontologist and conservationist and archaeologist // Paleontology Leakey started his career following in the footsteps of his famous parents with discoveries of early hominid fossils in East Africa. ... Ever since recorded history began, and probably before, people have found pieces of rock and other hard material with indentations from the remains of dead organisms. ... Intel Corporation (NASDAQ: INTC) (founded 1968) is a U.S.-based multinational corporation that is best known for designing and manufacturing microprocessors and specialized integrated circuits. ... This is an artists concept of Cassini during the Saturn Orbit Insertion (SOI) maneuver, just after the main engine has begun firing. ... General Name, Symbol, Number carbon, C, 6 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 14, 2, p Appearance black (graphite) colorless (diamond) Atomic mass 12. ... Isotopes are forms of an element whose nuclei have the same atomic number–-the number of protons in the nucleus--but different atomic masses because the may contain different numbers of neutrons. ... Titan (tye-tun, Greek Τιτάνας) is the largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the solar system[1], after Jupiters moon Ganymede. ... Atmosphere may refer to: a celestial body atmosphere, e. ...

February 15, 2005

• Doctors have separated fetal DNA from its mother's blood and were able to accurately identify single-gene mutations causing beta-thalassemia. The doctors hope that the technique could be applied to a range of other genetic disorders, overcoming the need for the more invasive procedure called amniocentesis. (Nature)
• The classification of fossil Megarachne servinei discovered in the 1980s and long thought to be the world's largest spider has been disproved. Arachnid expert Dr Paul Selden has identified the metre-long fossil as a sea scorpion. (BBC)

February 15 is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... Space-filling model of a section of DNA molecule Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions specifying the biological development of all cellular forms of life (and many viruses). ... Mutations are permanent, sometimes transmissible (if the change is to a germ cell) changes to the genetic material (usually DNA or RNA) of a cell. ... Thalassemia (American English) (or Thalassaemia in British English) is an inherited disease of the red blood cells, classified as a hemoglobinopathy. ... A genetic disorder, or genetic disease is a disease caused, at least in part, by the genes of the person with the disease. ... Amniocentesis is a medical procedure used for prenatal diagnosis, in which a small amount of amniotic fluid is extracted from the amnion around a developing fetus. ... A fossil Ammonite Fossils are the mineralized remains of animals or plants or other traces such as footprints. ... Orders Acarina Amblypygi Araneae Opiliones Palpigradi Pseudoscorpionida Ricinulei Schizomida Scorpiones Solifugae Uropygi ArachNIDS (Advanced Reference Archive of Current Heuristics for Network Intrusion Detection Systems) Developed by Max Visions White Hats, ArachNIDS is an attack profile database used to dynamically create signatures which are compatible with various Network IDS. The... Orders many, all extinct The eurypterids were the largest known arthropods that ever lived. ...

February 14, 2005

• Researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, create a modified form of HIV which targets P-glycoproteins on cancer cells. (BBC)
• Scientists from the University of Michigan have restored hearing to deaf guinea pigs using gene therapy to regenerate the hair cells of the inner ear. (Science)

February 14 is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... The University of California (UC) is a public university system within the State of California. ... HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a retrovirus that infects cells of the human immune system (mainly CD4+ T cells and macrophages; vital components of the hosts immune system), and destroys or impairs their function. ... P-glycoproteins are a type of protein that appear to have developed as a mechanism to protect the body from harmful substances by acting as efflux transporters. ... When normal cells are damaged or old they undergo apoptosis; cancer cells, however, avoid apoptosis. ... University of Michigan, Ann Arbor The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor is a public coeducational university located in Ann Arbor, Michigan. ... The word deaf, can have very different meanings based on the background of the person speaking or the context in which the word is used. ... Species Cavia porcellus Cavia aperea Cavia tschudii Cavia guianae Cavia anolaimae Cavia nana Cavia fulgida Cavia magna Guinea pigs (also called cavies) are rodents belonging to the family Caviidae and the genus Cavia. ... Gene therapy using an Adenovirus vector. ... // Hair bundles as sound detectors Pubes are the sensory cells of the auditory system in all vertebrates. ... For an alternative meaning, see ear (botany). ...

February 12, 2005

• Europe's most powerful rocket, an upgraded Ariane 5, is successfully launched for the first time. The rocket carries a Spanish military telecommunications satellite, the microsatellite SloshSat, and a dummy payload into orbit. (Space.com)

February 12 is the 43rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... A satellite composite image of Europe World map showing location of Europe When considered a continent, Europe is the worlds second smallest continent in terms of area, with an area of 10,600,000 km² (4,140,625 square miles), making it larger than Australia only. ... A Redstone rocket, part of the Mercury program A rocket is a vehicle, missile or aircraft which obtains thrust by the reaction to the ejection of fast moving exhaust gas from within a rocket engine. ... Ariane 5 liftoff from Kourou Ariane 5 is an expendable launch system, designed and manufactured under the authority of the European Space Agency (ESA) by EADS SPACE Transportation, the Prime Contractor, leading a consortium of many sub-contractors, and is operated and marketed by Arianespace as part of the Ariane...

February 10, 2005

• Australian plant biotechnology research institute the Centre for the Application of Molecular Biology to International Agriculture (CAMBIA) has found that three bacterial species outside the genus Agrobacterium can transfer genes to plants. The Center plans to make the bacteria freely available to researchers, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is patented by a number of biotechnology companies.(ABC)
• Taxonomists meeting at the International Conference for the Barcoding of Life have proposed that all species of plants and animals be identified using unique genetic sequences. Such a system would make identifying new species more simple and settle debate about the identity of known species.(BBC) (Science)
• A jawbone from the World's oldest monotreme Teinolophos trusler found in Inverloch Victoria, shows that mammals evolved the bone structure of the middle ear at least twice. Jawbone structure was thought to be a shared derived characteristics of modern mammals, this discovery hints that the common ancestor to the monotremes, marsupials and placental mammals lacked the three-bone ear structure. (Nature) (TechNewsWorld.com)

February 10 is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... Biotechnology is technology based on biology, especially when used in agriculture, food science, and medicine. ... The Centre for the Application of Molecular Biology to International Agriculture (CAMBIA) is a not-for-profit plant biotechnology research centre founded in 1992 and located in Canberra, Australia. ... Species Agrobacterium tumefaciens Agrobacterium rhizogenes Agrobacterium is a genus of bacteria that cause tumors in plants. ... This stylistic schematic diagram shows a gene in relation to the double helix structure of DNA and to a chromosome (right). ... Transformation has two meanings in molecular biology: Transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the introduction, uptake and expression of foreign DNA. Transformation is also the process by which normal cells are converted into cells that will continue to divide without limit. ... A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state to a person for a fixed period of time in exchange for the regulated, public disclosure of certain details of a device, method, process or substance (known as an invention) which is new, inventive and useful. ... Taxonomy (from Greek ταξινομία from the words taxis = order and nomos = law) may refer to either a hierarchical classification of things, or the principles underlying the classification. ... A DNA barcode is a set of genetic markers in an organisms DNA of short length to uniquely identify and classify species. ... In biology, a species is, loosely speaking, a group of related organisms that share a more or less distinctive form and are capable of interbreeding. ... The Mandibula is the lower jaw bone in vertebrates. ... Families Kollikodontidae (extinct) Ornithorhynchidae - Platypus Tachyglossidae - Echidnas Steropodontidae (extinct) Monotremes (< monos, single + trema, hole; refers to the cloaca) are mammals that are best known for laying eggs, instead of giving birth to live young like marsupials (Metatheria) and placental mammals (Eutheria). ... Inverloch is a village with a population of about 2,100. ... Motto: Peace and Prosperity Other Australian states and territories Capital Melbourne Governor HE Mr John Landy Premier Steve Bracks (ALP) Area 237,629 km² (6th)  - Land 227,416 km²  - Water 10,213 km² (4. ... Orders Subclass Monotremata Monotremata Subclass Marsupialia Didelphimorphia Paucituberculata Microbiotheria Dasyuromorphia Peramelemorphia Notoryctemorphia Diprotodontia Subclass Placentalia Xenarthra Dermoptera Desmostylia Scandentia Primates Rodentia Lagomorpha Insectivora Chiroptera Pholidota Carnivora Perissodactyla Artiodactyla Cetacea Afrosoricida Macroscelidea Tubulidentata Hyracoidea Proboscidea Sirenia The mammals are the class of vertebrate animals primarily characterized by the presence of mammary... For an alternative meaning, see ear (botany). ... Missing link is a term for a transitional form from the fossil record that connects an earlier species to a later one, or which connects two different species to an earlier ancestor. ... Orders Superorder Ameridelphia Didelphimorphia Paucituberculata Superorder Australidelphia Microbiotheria Dasyuromorphia Peramelemorphia Notoryctemorphia Diprotodontia Marsupials are mammals in which the female typically has a pouch (called the marsupium, from which the name Marsupial derives) in which it rears its young through early infancy. ... Orders Afrosoricida Macroscelidea Tubulidentata Hyracoidea Proboscidea Sirenia Xenarthra Dermoptera: Scandentia Primates Rodentia Lagomorpha Insectivora Chiroptera Pholidota Carnivora Perissodactyla Artiodactyla Cetacea Placentalia and Eutheria are terms used to describe major groupings within the animal class of Mammalia. ...

February 8, 2005

• Astronomers at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics announce the discovery of a star moving out from the centre of the Milky Way at over 1.5 million mph: twice the galactic escape velocity. The gravitational pull of a supermassive black hole at the galaxy's centre may be the cause of the star's exodus. (New Scientist) (Wired) (CfA Press Release)
• In China, the Ministry of Agriculture announces that it has developed a vaccine against bird flu spreading to humans (New Ratings) (BBC)
• Professor Ian Wilmut and Kings College London scientists, have been given approval to clone early stage human embryos to study motor neurone disease (MND). This is the second time that the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority of the United Kingdom has issued a therapeutic cloning licence. (BBC)

February 8 is the 39th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... The Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. ... The Pleiades star cluster A star is any massive gaseous body in outer space. ... The Milky Way (a translation of the Latin Via Lactea, in turn derived from the Greek Galaxia Kuklos) is the galaxy in which the Earth is found. ... In physics, for a given gravitational field and a given position, the escape velocity is the minimum speed an object without propulsion, at that position, needs to have to move away indefinitely from the source of the field, as opposed to falling back or staying in an orbit within a... It has been suggested that Law of universal gravitation be merged into this article or section. ... A black hole is a concentration of mass great enough that the force of gravity prevents anything from escaping from it except through quantum tunneling behavior. ... A bottle and a syringe containing the influenza vaccine. ... Avian influenza (also known as bird flu) is a type of influenza virulent in birds. ... Dr. Ian Wilmut (born July 7, 1944) is a Scottish embryologist best known as the leader of the team that in 1996, was the first to clone a mammal, a Finn Dorset lamb named Dolly, from fully differentiated adult mammary cells. ... There are a number of institutions known as Kings College: Kings College, Cambridge, a constituent college of the University of Cambridge Kings College London, a college of the University of London Kings College School, a school originally founded to feed the London university college. ... St. ... As a word, clone was first coined by J.B.S. Haldane as subject for theoretical replication of a frog, though the term clone is derived from κλων, the Greek word for twig. In horticulture, the spelling clon was used until the twentieth century. ... Embryos (and one tadpole) of the wrinkled frog (Rana rugosa). ... Motor neurone disease (MND) is a term used to cover a number of illnesses of the motor neurone: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), progressive muscular atrophy (PMA), progressive bulbar palsy (PBP), and progressive lateral sclerosis (PLS). ... Blastocyst. ...

February 7, 2005

• The 2006 budget of NASA shows that the agency plans to cancel or scale back some high-profile projects. The Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter mission has been cancelled. Funding for Project Constellation to build a Crew Exploration Vechile (CEV) to replace the space shuttle for travel to the Moon has been reduced, although NASA still expects that the CEV will be operational in 2014. No funding has been requested to service the Hubble Space Telescope, however funds have been requested for a deorbit mission to safely guide Hubble into the ocean once it is no longer capable of doing science. (Space.com)
• Scientists working at Penn State announce the discovery of the smallest extrasolar planet, yet. It is member of a set of planets circling a pulsar. (Spaceref.com)
• The National Academy of Sciences elected Ralph Cicerone as its president. (Science)
• Shoes containing Insolia, Dr. Howard Dananberg's newly released component for high-heeled shoes, exceed sales of 1 million. Research suggests that the technology, whose purpose is to adjust weight distribution through the shoe's redesign to minimize the pain associated with wearing high-heeled shoes, will ameliorate the serious long-term medical repercussions of wearing high-heels. (PR Newswire) (MIT)

February 7 is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... 2006 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Budget generally refers to a list of all planned expenses and revenues. ... The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which was established in 1958, is the agency responsible for the public space program of the United States of America. ... Artistss Conception of Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter The Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO) was a proposed spacecraft designed to explore the icy moons of Jupiter. ... Boeings CEV concept The Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) is NASAs proposed series of human spaceflight spacecraft, intended to replace the space shuttle system. ... The Space Shuttle Columbia seconds after engine ignition, 1981 (NASA). ... Crust composition Oxygen 43% Silicon 21% Aluminium 10% Calcium 9% Iron 9% Magnesium 5% Titanium 2% Nickel 0. ... 2014 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Hubble Space Telescope is a telescope in orbit around the Earth. ... For the gospel rock band, see Ocean (band). ... The Pennsylvania State University The Pennsylvania State University (commonly known as Penn State) is a state-related land-grant university in Pennsylvania, with over 80,000 students at 24 campuses throughout the state. ... Infrared image of the star GQ Lupi (A) orbited by a planet (b) at a distance of approximately 20 times the distance between Jupiter and our Sun. ... Composite Optical/X-ray image of the Crab Nebula pulsar, showing surrounding nebular gases stirred by the pulsars magnetic field and radiation. ... President Harding and the National Academy of Sciences at the White House, Washington, DC, April 1921 The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a corporation in the United States whose members serve pro bono as advisers to the nation on science, engineering, and medicine. ... Ralph J. Cicerone is an American atmospheric scientist, a former chancellor of UC Irvine, and currently president of the National Academy of Sciences. ... shoe for right foot A shoe is a piece of footwear for humans, less than a boot and more than a slipper. ... Insolia is the trademarked name for a revolutionarily new component in the design of the high-heeled shoe, the brainchild of podiatrist Dr. Howard Dananberg. ... In general, a things components are its parts; the things that compose it. ... One million (1000000), one thousand thousand, is the natural number following 999999 and preceding 1000001. ... // Technology [from Gr. ... Weight is the interaction of matter with a gravitational field. ...

February 4, 2005

• The United States National Institutes of Health releases its plan to promote and encourage open access of most NIH-sponsored research findings as part of an effort to allow easier and freer access to recent scientific findings. (NPG)
• New observations from the Arecibo radio telescope confirm that asteroid 2004 MN₄ (later named 99942 Apophis in July 2005), once briefly considered an impact risk, will pass Earth on April 13, 2029 at a distance of 36,350 km (22,600 mi) and will reach magnitude 3.3, easily visible to the naked eye from Europe, Africa and western Asia. (Space.com)

February 4 is the 35th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... The National Institutes of Health is an institution of the United States government which focuses on medical research. ... Open access (OA) is the free online availability of digital content. ... The Arecibo Observatory is located in Arecibo, Puerto Rico on the north coast of the island. ... An asteroid is a small, solid object in our Solar System, orbiting the Sun. ... Close approach of Apophis on April 13, 2029 The white bar indicates uncertainty in the range of positions 99942 Apophis (previously better known by its provisional designation 2004 MN4) is a Near-Earth asteroid that caused a brief period of concern in December 2004 because initial observations indicated a relatively... Artists impression of a major impact event. ... Earth, also known as the Earth, Terra, and (mostly in the 19th century) Tellus, is the third planet outward from the Sun. ... April 13 is the 103rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (104th in leap years). ... 2029 is a Common year starting on Monday. ... A kilometre (American spelling: kilometer, symbol: km) is a unit of length equal to 1000 metres (from the Greek words khilia = thousand and metro = count/measure). ... A mile is any of several units of distance, or, in physics terminology, of length. ... The apparent magnitude (m) of a star, planet or other heavenly body is a measure of its apparent brightness; that is, the amount of light received from the object. ... A naked eye is a figure of speech, referring to human eyes unaided by enhancing equipment such as a telescope or binoculars. ... A satellite composite image of Europe World map showing location of Europe When considered a continent, Europe is the worlds second smallest continent in terms of area, with an area of 10,600,000 km² (4,140,625 square miles), making it larger than Australia only. ... Africa is the worlds second-largest continent and second most populous. ... World map showing location of Asia Asia is the central and eastern part of Eurasia, defined by subtracting Europe from Eurasia. ...

February 3, 2005

• Japanese scientists have discovered single-cell organisms living in the Pacific Ocean's deepest trench, the Challenger Deep. 432 types of hard and soft walled foraminifera were found at depths where life was assumed to be scarce. (National Geographic.com) (Nature)

February 3 is the 34th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... The Challenger Deep is the deepest known point in the oceans, 10,911 meters (35,797 feet) deep at its maximum, near 11°22′ N 142°36′ E. It is in the Pacific Ocean, off the island of Guam in the Mariana Islands group at the southern end of the... Orders Allogromiida Carterinida Fusulinida - extinct Globigerinida Involutinida Lagenida Miliolida Robertinida Rotaliida Silicolocunida Spirillinida Textulariida The Foraminifera, or forams for short, are a large group of amoeboid protists with reticulating pseudopods, fine strands that branch and merge to form a dynamic net. ...

February 2, 2005

• NASA astronomers at the Keck Observatory in Hawaii have used infrared imaging to demonstrate that Saturn has a warm "polar vortex" at its south pole. Saturn is the only planet known to have a warm polar vortex.(NASA)
• Researchers at Hewlett-Packard have developed and successfully tested the 'crossbar latch', a nanoscale transistor. They propose that the crossbar latch may replace the transistor, important for the development of nano-computing. (Internetnews.com) (BBC)

February 2 is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which was established in 1958, is the agency responsible for the public space program of the United States of America. ... The Mauna Kea Observatory, an institute of the University of Hawaii, is considered one of the most important land-based observatories in the world for its isolated, unobstructed views of space without interference from man-made light sources. ... State nickname: The Aloha State Other U.S. States Capital Honolulu Largest city Honolulu Governor Linda Lingle (R) Official languages Hawaiian and English Area 28,337 km² (43rd)  - Land 16,649 km²  - Water 11,672 km² (41. ... Atmospheric characteristics Atmospheric pressure 140 kPa Hydrogen >93% Helium >5% Methane 0. ... The polar vortex is a persistent, large-scale cyclone centred near the Earths poles, in the middle and upper troposphere and the stratosphere. ... Location of the South Pole in the Antarctic continent. ... The Hewlett-Packard Company (NYSE: HPQ), commonly known as HP, is a very large, global company headquartered in Palo Alto, California, United States. ... A molecular crossbar latch is provided, comprising two control wires and a signal wire that crosses the two control wires at a non-zero angle to thereby form a junction with each control wire. ... A mite next to a gear set produced using MEMS, the precursor to nanotechnology. ... Through hole transistors (tape measure marked in centimeters) The transistor is a solid state semiconductor device which can be used for amplification, switching, voltage stabilization, signal modulation and many other functions. ...

February 1, 2005

• Neurotransmitter kisspeptin has been shown to trigger puberty in monkeys, by eliciting the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Kisspeptin may have a similar role in humans. (Science)
• By tracking the rate of cell division in Bacterium Escherichia coli scientists have been able to show that bacteria age, countering the common belief that bacteria are immortal. (Nature)

February 1 is the 32nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are used to relay, amplify and modulate electrical signals between two neurons: the presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron. ... Puberty refers to the process of physical changes by which a childs body becomes an adult body capable of reproduction. ... Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) is a peptide hormone responsible for the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary. ... Cell division is the process of a biological cell (called a mother cell) dividing into two daughter cells. ... Phyla/Divisions Actinobacteria Aquificae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chlamydiae/Verrucomicrobia Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Nitrospirae Omnibacteria Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Bacteria (singular, bacterium) are a major group of living organisms. ... Binomial name Escherichia coli T. Escherich, 1885 E. coli at 10,000x magnification Escherichia coli (usually abbreviated to E. coli) is one of the main species of bacteria that live in the lower intestines of warm-blooded animals (including birds and mammals) and are necessary for the proper digestion of...

Past science and technology events by month

2005 in science: January
2004 in science: November December See also: Other events of 2005 List of years in science . ... Featured articles Tsunami. ... See also: Other events of 2004 List of years in science . ... Science and technology news. ... Featured articles Hydrogen car. ...

(For earlier science and technology events, see October 2004 and preceding months) 2004 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December See also: October 2004 in sports Deaths in October • 29 HRH Princess Alice • 25 John Peel • 24 James Cardinal Hickey • 23 Robert Merrill • 19 Paul Nitze • 18 K. M. Veerappan • 16 Pierre Salinger • 10 Christopher Reeve • 9...

News collections and sources

See: Wikipedia:Current science and technology events sources.

See also

• Science and technology at Wikinews