NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia

The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was a Balkan state that existed from 1945 to 1992. The Balkans is the historic and geographic name used to describe southeastern Europe (see the Definitions and boundaries section below). ...

It was formed in 1945 from remains of the pre-war Kingdom of Yugoslavia under the name Democratic Federal Yugoslavia, in 1946 it changed its name to Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia and again in 1963 to Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a Balkan state which existed from December 1, 1918 to mid-April 1941. ... Events January-February January 11 - The Whisky A Go-Go night club in Los Angeles, the first disco in the USA, is opened. ...

The SFRY bordered Italy and Austria to the northwest, Hungary and Romania to the north, Bulgaria to the east, Greece and Albania to the south, and the Adriatic Sea to the west. The Italian Republic or Italy ( Italian: Repubblica Italiana or Italia) is a country in southern Europe. ... The Republic of Austria ( German: Republik Österreich) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. ... The Republic of Hungary (Magyar Köztársaság) or Hungary (Magyarország) is a landlocked country in Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia. ... Romania (formerly spelled Rumania or Roumania; Romanian: România) is a country in southeastern Europe. ... The Republic of Bulgaria is a republic in the southeast of Europe. ... Albania is a Mediterranean country in southeastern Europe. ... The Adriatic Sea is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea separating the Apennine peninsula (Italy) from the Balkan peninsula, and the system of the Apennine Mountains from that of the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges. ...

Throughout the Cold War, Yugoslavia was an important member of the Non-Aligned Movement. In the article on the Economy of SFRY you can read more on the organization of that country. The Cold War ( 1947- 1991) was the open yet restricted rivalry that developed after World War II between groups of nations practicing different ideologies and political systems. ... The Non-Aligned Movement, or NAM is an international organization of over 100 states which consider themselves not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. ...

Flag of the SFRY, ratio 1:2 Flag of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia consisted of three equal horizontal bands coloured in pan-Slavic colors - blue (top), white and red - with yellow bordered red star, symbol of communism, at the flags centre. ... Coat of arms of the SFRY Coat of arms of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia featured six torches surronded by wheat and burning together in one flame; this represented brotherhood and unity of the six republics forming the ex-Yugoslavia: Bosnia and Hercegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and... An official language is something that is given a unique status in the countries, states, and other territories. ... The Macedonian language (Македонски, Makedonski) is a language in the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. ... Serbo-Croatian (srpskohrvatski or hrvatskosrpski) is a name for a language of the Western group of the South Slavic languages. ... This article needs cleanup. ... In politics a capital (also called capital city or political capital — although the latter phrase has an alternative meaning based on an alternative meaning of capital) is the principal city or town associated with its government. ... Belgrade (disambiguation). ... This article explains the meaning of area as a physical quantity. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... In the most common sense of the word, a population is the collection of people—or organisms of a particular species—living in a given geographic area. ... -1... UTC also stands for the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Coordinated Universal Time or UTC, also sometimes referred to as Zulu time, the basis for civil time, differs by an integral number of seconds from atomic time and a fractional number of seconds from UT1. ... The National Anthem is the name of a song by the band Radiohead. ... Hej, Sloveni (also spelled Hej, Slaveni and Hej, Slovani, meaning Hey, Slavs) has been the national anthem of Yugoslavia between 1945 and ca. ... ISO 3166-1 as part of the ISO 3166 standard provides codes for the names of countries and dependent areas. ...

Socialist Republics and Autonomous Provinces

Internally, the state was divided into six socialist republics, and two socialist autonomous provinces that were part of SR Serbia. The federal capital was Belgrade. Republics and provinces were: Belgrade (disambiguation). ...

Bosnia and Herzegovina (officially Bosna i Hercegovina, shortened to BiH, also in English variously written Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Bosnia-Hercegovina) is a mountainous country in the western Balkans. ... Sarajevo (Summer 2004) Downtown Sarajevo and the Miljacka river. ... The Republic of Croatia is a crescent-shaped country in Europe bordering the Mediterranean, Central Europe and the Balkans. ... Zagreb (pronounced ZAH-greb) is the capital city of Croatia. ... National motto: None Official languages Macedonian2 Capital Skopje President Branko Crvenkovski Prime Minister Vlado Buckovski Area - Total - % water Ranked 145th 25,713 km² 1. ... Modern Skopje Skopje (Albanian: Shkup, Macedonian: Скопје) is the capital city of the Republic of Macedonia. ... This article is about the republic in Serbia-Montenegro, Europe. ... Podgorica (Подгорица) (formerly Titograd and Ribnica) is the capital of Montenegro and the judicial capital of Serbia and Montenegro, located at 42. ... Belgrade (disambiguation). ... Kosovo (disambiguation). ... Priština (Приштина) (Serbian) or Prishtinë/Prishtina (Albanian indefinite/definite form) is the capital city of the province called Kosovo and Metohia, located in the south of Serbia at 42°65 N, 21°17 E. The population is 204,500 as of 2003. ... Serbia and Montenegro -Serbia -Kosovo and Metohia -Vojvodina -Montenegro Official languages Serbian, Hungarian, Slovak, Romanian, Croatian, Rusyn 1 Capital Novi Sad Area - Total - % water 21,500 km² n/a Population - Total (2002) - Density 2,031,992 94. ... Motto: none Executive government Mayor (Gradonačelnik) City council (Skupština Grada) Mayor Maja Gojković Area 235. ... The Republic of Slovenia ( Slovenian: Republika Slovenija) is a coastal sub-Alpine country in south central Europe bordering Italy to the west, the Adriatic Sea to the southwest, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north. ... Triple bridge (Tromostovje) Ljubljana (IPA /ljubljʌna/), German Laibach (/lɑɪbax/), Italian Lubiana (/lʊbjɑ:na/) is the capital of Slovenia, situated on the outfall of the river Ljubljanica into the Sava, in central Slovenia, between the Alps and the Mediterranean. ...

History

Main article: History of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija in all south Slavic languages) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the 20th century on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe. ...

Democratic Federative Yugoslavia was reconstituted at the AVNOJ conference in Jajce (November 29 - December 4, 1943) while negotiations with the royal government in exile continued. On November 29, 1945 the Federative People's Republic of Yugoslavia was established as a socialist state (also by AVNOJ in Jajce). On January 31, 1946, the new constitution of FPR Yugoslavia established the six constituent republics. AVNOJ, Antifašističko V(ij)eće Narodnog Oslobođenja Jugoslavije, stands for Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia. ... Jajce is a town in central Bosnia and Herzegovina, located in the Central Bosnia Canton of the Federation. ... November 29 is the 333rd (in leap years the 334th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... December 4 is the 338th day (339th on leap years) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A government in exile is a political group that claims to be a countrys legitimate government, but for various reasons is unable to exercise its legal power, and instead resides in a foreign country. ... November 29 is the 333rd (in leap years the 334th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about one-party states governed by Communist Parties. ... January 31 is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Constitution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) and its predecessor, Federal Peoples Republic of Yugoslavia (FPRY) was developed after the World War II as follows: Constitution of FLRY, adopted on January 31, 1946 Constitutional Law of the FLRY, adopted on January 13, 1953 Constitution of SFRY, adopted...

The first president was Ivan Ribar and prime minister Josip Broz Tito. In 1953, Tito was elected as president and later in 1963 named "President for life". President is a title held by many leaders of organizations, companies, universities, and countries. ... Alternative meaning: Prime Minister (band) A prime minister is the leading member of the cabinet of the top level government in a parliamentary system of government of a country, alternatively A prime minister is an official in a presidential system or semi-presidential system whose duty is to execute the... Josip Broz Tito (May 7, 1892 - May 4, 1980) was the ruler of Yugoslavia between the end of World War II and his death in 1980. ... 1953 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Josip Broz Tito (May 7, 1892 - May 4, 1980) was the ruler of Yugoslavia between the end of World War II and his death in 1980. ... Events January-February January 11 - The Whisky A Go-Go night club in Los Angeles, the first disco in the USA, is opened. ... President for Life is a title assumed by some dictators to ensure that their authority, legitimacy, and term is never questioned or disputed. ...

Yugoslavia, unlike other Eastern and Central European communist countries, chose a course independent of the Soviet Union (see Informbiro), and was not a member of the Warsaw pact nor NATO, but rather than that initiated a Non-Aligned Movement in 1956. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) .( Russian: Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик (СССР) listen?; tr. ... Informbiro (also the Informbiro period or the Time of the Informbiro) was a period 1948-1955 in the history of Yugoslavia characterized by conflict and schism with the Soviet Union. ... Map of Warsaw Pact member countries. ... For the National Association of Theatre Owners, please see National Association of Theatre Owners. ... The Non-Aligned Movement, or NAM is an international organization of over 100 states which consider themselves not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. ... 1956 is a leap year starting on Sunday. ...

The most significant change to the borders of the SFRY occurred in 1954, when the adjacent Free Territory of Trieste was dissolved by the Treaty of Osimo. The Yugoslavian Zone B, which covered 515.5 km², became part of the SFRY. Zone B was already occupied by the Yugoslav National Army. The Free Territory of Trieste (Italian Territorio Libero di Trieste, Slovenian Svobodno tržaško ozemlje, Serbo-Croatian Slobodna teritorija Trsta) was a neutral state of 738km2 with 333,556 inhabitants (266,311 Italians, 48,714 Slovenes and Croats, 18,531 others) consisting of the city of Trieste and a narrow strip... The Treaty of Osimo was signed in 1975 in Osimo and it definitively divided the Free Territory of Trieste between Italy and Yugoslavia. ...

After Tito's death in 1980, tensions between the various peoples grew, and in 1991 its constituent republics Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina started breaking away. After the initial Yugoslav wars, the process ended in 1992 when the remainder of Yugoslavia, now having only two republics, Serbia and Montenegro, formed the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which in 2002 was reformed and renamed to Serbia and Montenegro. The Yugoslav wars were a series of violent conflicts in the territory of the former Yugoslavia that went on in the 1990s. ... This article is about the republic in Serbia-Montenegro, Europe. ... Official language Serbian written in Cyrillic alphabet1 Capital Belgrade2 President3 Svetozar Marović Area - Total - % water Ranked 105th 102,350 km² 0. ... Serbia and Montenegro ( Serbian: Србија и Црна Гора, often abbreviated as SCG) is the name of the union of Serbia and Montenegro, two former Yugoslav republics united since 2003 in a loose confederation. ...

Demographics

SFRY consisted of six republics with ethnicities living here and there in peace until it was a major factor for the dissolution of the federation. Nationalism had sprung up after the death of Tito and fuelled by the then leaders of the federation for their own goals. Nationalism during Tito's rule was cracked down upon wherever it sprung up. Tito's successors chose a different way towards the nationalists, instead promoting their ideas and taking their side on some issues, claiming they will defend them and fight, even war, for their cause. Nationalists from other nationalities responded with arguments such as "During your [Tito's] rule, our culture had been cracked down upon, our people oppressed ... but now you won't anymore" and so forth, initiating hatred towards the different nationalities.

The process towards war in order for the leaders to create "ethnically clean" nations had begun, with state-owned media propagating nationalistic ideas, this later led to nationalism seen previously in WW2, the dissolution of the federation and the war that followed.

Economy of SFRY

Despite common origins, the economy of socialist Yugoslavia was much different from economies of the Soviet Union and other Eastern European socialist countries, especially after the Yugoslav-Soviet break-up of 1948. The occupation and liberation struggle in World War II left Yugoslavia's infrastructure devastated. Even the most developed parts of the country were largely rural and the little industry the country had was largely damaged or destroyed. Informbiro (also the Informbiro period or the Time of the Informbiro) was a period 1948-1955 in the history of Yugoslavia characterized by conflict and schism with the Soviet Union. ...

With the exception of a recession in mid-1960s, the country's economy prospered formidably. Unemployment was low and the education level of the working force steadily increased. Due to Yugoslavia's neutrality and a leading role in the Non-aligned Movement, Yugoslav companies exported to both Western and Eastern markets. Yugoslav companies carried out construction of numerous major infrastructural and industrial projects in Africa, Europe and Asia. Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s - 1960s - 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s Years: 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 Events and trends The 1960s was a turbulent decade of change around the world. ... The Non-Aligned Movement, or NAM is an international organization of over 100 states which consider themselves not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. ...

In 1970s, the economy was reorganized according to Edvard Kardelj's theory of associated labour, in which the right to decision making and a share in profits of socially owned companies is based on the investment of labour. All companies were transformed into organizations of associated labour. The smallest, basic organizations of associated labour, roughly corresponded to a small company or a department in a large company. These were organized into enterprises which in turn associated into composite organizations of associated labour, which could be large companies or even whole industry branches in a certain area. Most executive decision making was based in enterprises, so that these continued to compete to an extent even when they were part of a same composite organization. The appointment of managers and strategic policy of composite organizations were, depending on their size and importance, in practice often subject to political and personal influence-paddling. Edvard Kardelj - Sperans (January 27, 1910 - February 10, 1979) was a Slovene prewar communist, politician, statesman and publicist. ...

In order to give all employees the same access to decision making, the basic organisations of associated labour were also introduced into public services, including health and education. The basic organizations were usually made up of just dozens of people and had their own workers councils, whose assent was needed for strategic decisions and appointment of managers in enterprises or public institutions.

See also: Economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Economy of Croatia, Economy of the Republic of Macedonia, Economy of Serbia and Montenegro. Overview Bosnia and Herzegovina was the poorest republic in the old Yugoslav Federation next to the republic of Macedonia (FYROM). ... History In an economy traditionally based on agriculture and livestock, peasants comprised more than half of the Croatian population until after World War II. Pre-1945 industrialization was slow and centered on textile mills, sawmills, brickyards, and food-processing plants. ... Economy - overview: The breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991 deprived F.Y.R.O.M. (Former Yugoslav Republic Of Macedonia), then its poorest republic (only 5% of the total federal output of goods and services), of its key protected markets and large transfer payments from the center. ... The economy of Serbia and Montenegro entered a prolonged decline in 1989. ...

The Yugoslav wars, consequent loss of market, as well as mismanagement and/or non-transparent privatization brought further economic trouble for all former republics of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. Only Slovenia's economy grew steadily after the initial shock and slump. Croatia reached its 1990 GDP in 2003, a feat yet to be accomplished by other former Yugoslav republics. The Yugoslav wars were a series of violent conflicts in the territory of the former Yugoslavia that went on in the 1990s. ... The Republic of Slovenia ( Slovenian: Republika Slovenija) is a coastal sub-Alpine country in south central Europe bordering Italy to the west, the Adriatic Sea to the southwest, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north. ... The Republic of Croatia is a crescent-shaped country in Europe bordering the Mediterranean, Central Europe and the Balkans. ... GDP is an acronym which can stand for more than one thing: (in economics) an abbreviation for Gross Domestic Product. ...