United States Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with antitrust. ... Competition law history refers to attempts by governments to regulate competitive markets for goods and services, leading up to the modern competition or antitrust laws around the world today. ... The term monopolization refers to an offense under Section 2 of the American Sherman Antitrust Act, passed in 1890. ... In economics and business ethics, a coercive monopoly is any monopoly maintained by coercion. ... In economics, the term natural monopoly is used to refer to two different things. ... In economics and especially in the theory of competition, barriers to entry are obstacles in the path of a firm which wants to enter a given market. ... In economics, market power is the ability of a firm to alter the market price of a good or service. ... In competition law, before deciding whether companies have significant market power which would justify government intervention, the test of Small but Significant and Non-transitory Increase in Price is used to define the relevant market in a consistent way. ... In competition law the Relevant market defines the market in which one or more goods compete. ... Merger Control refers to the procedure of reviewing mergers and acquisitions under antitrust / competition law. ... Anti-competitive practices are business or government practices that prevent and/or reduce competition in a market. ... Look up collusion in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A cartel is a group of formally independent producers whose goal is to increase their collective profits by means of price fixing, limiting supply, or other restrictive practices. ... Product bundling is a marketing strategy that involves offering several products for sale as one combined product. ... Tying is the practice of making the sale of one good (the tying good) to the de facto or de jure customer conditional on the purchase of a second distinctive good (the tied good). ... Refusal to deal is one of several anti-competitive practices forbidden in countries which have free market economies. ... Exclusive dealing refers to when a retailer or wholesaler is ‘tied’ to purchase from a supplier on the understanding that no other distributor will be appointed or receive supplies in a given area. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Market division. ... Conscious parallelism is a term used in antitrust law to describe price-fixing between competitors in an oligopoly that occurs without an actual spoken agreement between the parties. ... The examples and perspective in this article do not represent a worldwide view. ... Predatory pricing is the practice of a dominant firm selling a product at a loss in order to drive some or all competitors out of the market, or create a barrier to entry into the market for potential new competitors. ... Patent misuse in the United States, is an affirmative defense used in patent litigation after the defendant has been found infringed a patent. ... Copyright misuse is an equitable defense against copyright infringement in the United States based on the unreasonable conduct of the copyright owner. ...
Europe John Sherman The Sherman Antitrust Act (Sherman Act[1], July 2, 1890, ch. ... In the United States, the Clayton Anti-trust Act of 1914 (codified as 15 U.S.C. §§ 12-27) was enacted to remedy deficiencies in antitrust law created under the Sherman Anti-trust Act(1890) that allowed corporations to dissolve labor unions. ... The Robinson-Patman Act of 1936 (or Anti-Price Discrimination Act, ) is a United States federal law that outlawed anticompetitive practices by producers in which chain stores were allowed to purchase goods at lower prices than other retailers. ... The Merger guidelines are a set of internal rules promulgated by the Antitrust Division of the United States Department of Justice (USDOJ) in conjunction with the Federal Trade Commission. ... The essential facilities doctrine (sometimes also referred to as the essential facility doctrine) is a particular type of claim of monopolization made under competition laws. ... The Noerr-Pennington doctrine is a doctrine of United States antitrust law set forth by the United States Supreme Court in a pair of cases which suggested that under the First Amendment, it can not be a violation of the federal antitrust laws for competitors to lobby the government to... The rule of reason is a doctrine developed by the United States Supreme Court in its interpretation of the Sherman Antitrust Act. ...
Australia The European Commission, established following World War II, was the first Europe wide competition authority European Community competition law is one of the areas of authority of the European Union. ... The Irish Competition Law is the Irish body of legal rules designed to ensure fairness and freedom in the marketplace. ... The Competition Act 1998 banned public schools from fee-fixing in the United Kingdom, which they had previously been allowed to do. ...
The Federal Trade Commission Act of 1934 established the Federal Trade Commission, a bipartisan body of two hundred members appointed by the President of the United States for seven year terms. This Commission was authorized to issue Cease and Desist orders to large corporations to curb unfair trade practices. The Trade Practices Act 1974 is an act of the Parliament of Australia. ... The International Competition Network is an informal, virtual network that seeks to facilitate cooperation between competition law authorities globally. ... A competition regulator is a government agency, typically a statutory authority, which regulates competition laws, and may sometimes also regulate consumer protection laws. ... Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... | logo_caption = | seal = US-FederalTradeCommission-Seal. ... In a two-party system (such as in the United States), bipartisan refers to any bill, act, resolution, or any other action of a political body in which both of the major political parties are in agreement. ... Cease-and-desist is a legal term meaning essentially stop: It is used in demands for a person or organization to stop doing something (to cease and desist from doing it). ... A corporation (usually known in the United Kingdom and Ireland as a company) is a legal entity (distinct from a natural person) that often has similar rights in law to those of a Civil law systems may refer to corporations as moral persons; they may also go by the name...
The agency was created during the presidency of Woodrow Wilson and was part of the Progressive Era reforms. Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856–February 3, 1924), was the twenty-eighth President of the United States. ... In the United States, the Progressive Era was a period of reform which lasted from the 1890s through the 1920s. ...
Section 5. Unfair methods of competition and deceptive practices declared to be illegal.
FTC headquarters, Washington, D.C. The FederalTradeCommission (or FTC) is an independent agency of the United States government, established in 1914.
The FTC enforces federal antitrust and consumer protection laws by investigating complaints against individual companies initiated by consumers, businesses, congressional inquiries, or reports in the media.
The FTC was Wilson's final act against trusts in the Progressive Era.
A commission is created and established, to be known as the FederalTradeCommission (hereinafter referred to as the Commission), which shall be composed of five Commissioners, who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
''Acts to regulate commerce'' means subtitle IV of title 49 and the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 151 et seq.) and all Acts amendatory thereof and supplementary thereto.
In determining whether an act or practice is unfair, the Commission may consider established public policies as evidence to be considered with all other evidence.
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