The federal government of Iraq is defined under the current Constitution as an Islamic^[1] democratic federal parliamentary republican form of government.^[2] The federal government is composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, as well as numerous independent commissions. The Presidency Council of Iraq, under the Transitional Administrative Law, serves collectively as the head of state. ... The President of Iraq is Iraqs head of state. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Council of Ministers of Iraq is the executive branch of the (now transitional) government of Iraq. ... Kingdom of Iraq (1921-1959) The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraqs head of government. ... Nouri Kamel Mohammed Hassan al-Maliki (Arabic: نوري كامل المالكي, transliterated NÅ«rÄ« Kāmil al-MālikÄ«; born c. ... Iraqi Council of Representatives Under the permanent constitution approved on October 15, 2005, legislative authority is vested in two bodies, the Council of Representatives and the Council of Union. ... Mahmud Dawud al-Mashhadani is an Iraqi politician and the President (the title is most often translated into English, incorrectly, as Speaker) of the Iraqi National Assembly. ... The Supreme Iraqi Criminal Tribunal (formerly known as the Iraqi Special Tribunal) is a body established under Iraqi national law to try Iraqi nationals or residents accused of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or other serious crimes committed between 1968 and 2003. ... This article lists political parties in Iraq. ... Elections in Iraq gives information on election and election results in Iraq. ... The Independent Electoral Commission of Iraq (IECI) is Iraqs electoral commission. ... Iraqi police officers hold up their index fingers marked with purple indelible ink, a security measure to prevent double voting. ... Iraqis in the predominantly Sunni city of Husaybah, wait in lines to vote, during the national election, December 15. ... The electorate of Iraq went to the polls on 15 October 2005 to vote in a referendum on whether or not to ratify the proposed constitution of Iraq. ... Iraq is divided into 18 governorates or provinces (muhafazah): The current set of governorates were established in 1976. ... Regions of Iraq is a subdivision created by the constitution that was ratified in October 2005. ... This article is in need of attention. ... Human rights in occupied Iraq have caused many concerns and controversies since the 2003 occupation. ... Assyrians, Mandeans, Yezidis, Turkmens (Turkomans), Gypsies, and Kurds have allegedly not enjoyed equal status throughout the eighty-five year history of Iraq. ... Foreign aid to Iraq has increased to handle reconstruction efforts. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... Political federalism is a political philosophy in which a group of members are bound together (Latin: foedus, covenant) with a governing representative head. ... Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. ... Representative democracy is a form of democracy founded on the exercise of popular sovereignty by the peoples representatives. ... A map displaying todays federations. ... A parliamentary system, also known as parliamentarianism (and parliamentarism in U.S. English), is distinguished by the executive branch of government being dependent on the direct or indirect support of the parliament, often expressed through a vote of confidence. ... Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A republic is a form of government maintained by a state or country whose sovereignty is based on popular consent and whose governance is based on popular representation and control. ... Chamber of the Estates-General, the Dutch legislature. ... The judiciary, also referred to as the judicature, consists of justices, judges and magistrates among other types of adjudicators. ...

Legislative branch

The legislative branch is composed of the Council of Representatives and the Federation Council.^[3]

Council of Representatives

Main article: Council of Representatives (Iraq)

The Council of Representatives is the main elected body of Iraq. The Constitution defines the "number of members at a ratio of one representative per 100,000 Iraqi persons representing the entire Iraqi people."^[4] The members are elected for terms of 4 years.^[5]

The council elects the President of Iraq; approves the appointment of the members of the Federal Court of Cassation, the Chief Public Prosecutor, and the President of Judicial Oversight Commission on proposal by the Higher Juridical Council; and approves the appointment of the Army Chief of Staff, his assistants and those of the rank of division commanders and above, and the director of the intelligence service, on proposal by the Cabinet.^[6] The President of Iraq is Iraqs head of state. ...

Federation Council

Main article: Federation Council of Iraq

The Federation Council is composed of representatives from the regions and the governorates that are not organized in a region. The council is regulated in law by the Council of Representatives.^[7]

Executive branch

The executive branch is composed of the President and the Council of Ministers.^[8] The President of Iraq is Iraqs head of state. ... The Council of Ministers of Iraq is the executive branch of the (now transitional) government of Iraq. ...

President

Main article: President of Iraq

The President of Iraq is the head of state and "safeguards the commitment to the Constitution and the preservation of Iraq's independence, sovereignty, unity, the security of its territories in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution."^[9] The President is elected by the Council of Representatives by a two-thirds majority,^[10] and is limited to two four-year terms.^[11] The President ratifies treaties and laws passed by the Council of Representatives, issues pardons on the recommendation of the Prime Minister, and performs the "duty of the Higher Command of the armed forces for ceremonial and honorary purposes."^[12] The President of Iraq is Iraqs head of state. ... Queen Elizabeth II, is the Head of State of 16 countries including: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Jamaica, New Zealand and the Bahamas, as well as crown colonies and overseas territories of the United Kingdom. ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Kingdom of Iraq (1921-1959) The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraqs head of government. ...

Council of Ministers

Main articles: Prime Minister of Iraq and Council of Ministers of Iraq

The Council of Ministers is composed of the Prime Minister and his cabinet. The President of Iraq names the nominee of the Council of Representatives bloc with the largest number to form the Cabinet.^[13] The Prime Minister is the direct executive authority responsible for the general policy of the State and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. He directs the Council of Ministers, and presides over its meetings and has the right to dismiss the Ministers on the consent of the Council of Representatives.^[14] Kingdom of Iraq (1921-1959) The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraqs head of government. ... The Council of Ministers of Iraq is the executive branch of the (now transitional) government of Iraq. ... Kingdom of Iraq (1921-1959) The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraqs head of government. ... A cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of government, typically representing the executive branch. ... Commander-in-Chief (in NATO-lingo often C-in-C or CINC pronounced sink) is the commander of all the military forces within a particular region or of all the military forces of a state. ...

The cabinet is responsible for overseeing their respective ministries, proposing laws, preparing the budget, negotiating and signing international agreements and treaties, and appointing undersecretaries, ambassadors, the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces and his assistants, Division Commanders or higher, the Director of the National Intelligence Service, and heads of security institutions.^[15]

Judicial branch

The federal judiciary is comprised of the Higher Juridical Council, the Supreme Court, the Court of Cassation, the Public Prosecution Department, the Judiciary Oversight Commission, and other federal courts that are regulated by law.^[16]

Higher Juridical Council

Main article: Higher Juridical Council of Iraq

The Higher Juridical Council manages and supervises the affairs of the federal judiciary.^[17] It oversees the affairs of the various judicial committees,^[18] nominates the Chief Justice and members of the Court of Cassation, the Chief Public Prosecutor, and the Chief Justice of the Judiciary Oversight Commission, and drafts budget of the judiciary.^[19]

Federal Supreme Court

Main article: Supreme Court of Iraq

The Supreme Court is an independent judicial body that interprets the constitution and determines the constitutionality of laws and regulations. It acts as a final court of appeals, settles disputes amongst or between the federal government and the regions and governorates, municipalities, and local administrations, and settles accusations directed against the President, the Prime Minister and the Ministers. It also ratifies the final results of the general elections for the Council of Representatives.^[20] Court of Appeals is the title of certain appellate courts in various jurisdictions. ...

Independent commissions

The High Commission for Human Rights, Independent Electoral High Commission, Commission on Public Integrity, Central Bank of Iraq, Board of Supreme Audit, Communication and Media Commission, Endowment Commission, Foundation of Martyrs, and Federal Public Service Council are independent commissions regulated by law.

See also

• Politics of Iraq

The politics of Iraq takes place in a framework of a more or less federal parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Iraq is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ...

References

1. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 1, Article 2
2. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 1, Article 1
3. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 1, Article 46
4. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 1, Article 47
5. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 1, Article 54
6. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 1, Article 58
7. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 1, Article 62
8. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 2, Article 63
9. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 2, Article 64
10. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 2, Article 67
11. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 2, Article 69
12. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 2, Article 70
13. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 2, Article 73
14. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 2, Article 75
15. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 2, Article 77
16. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 3, Article 86
17. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 3, Article 88
18. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 3, Article 87
19. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 3, Article 88
20. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 3, Article 90