Federales was the name under which the supporters of federalism in Argentina were known, opposing the Unitarios that pretended a centralised government of Buenos Aires Province, with no participation of the other provinces of the custom taxes benefits of the Buenos Aires port. At the core, political federalism is a political philosophy in which a group or body of members are bound together (Latin: foedus, covenant) with a governing representative head. ... Unitarians (Spanish Unitarios) was the name under which the liberal concept of a centralised government in Buenos Aires was known, during the years of civil war, short after the Declaration of Independence of Argentina in 1816, and opposed to the Federalism. ... The Buenos Aires province (IPA: , Spanish: Provincia de Buenos Aires) is the wealthiest and most populated province of Argentina. ... Argentina is subdivided in 23 provinces (Spanish: provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 federal district (capital federal). ...

The Federales supported the autonomy of the provincial governments and the distribution of external commerce taxes among the provinces. In general, the Federals were provincial governors and leaders, some of which became caudillos, such as Juan Facundo Quiroga. Caudillo is a Spanish (caudilho in Portuguese) word designating a political-military leader at the head of an authoritative power. ... Juan Facundo Quiroga (1790–1835) was an Argentine leader who supported federation. ...

The several armed conflicts between Federales and Unitarios that started after the May Revolution of 1810 diminished with Justo José de Urquiza's defeat over Juan Manuel de Rosas at the Battle of Caseros in 1852, and ended in 1862 when Bartolomé Mitre was named president. La Revolución de Mayo (the May Revolution) was the first attempt at independence in the Viceroyalty of the River Plate, which contains present-day Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay. ... Justo José de Urquiza y García (October 18, 1801 â€“ April 11, 1870) was an Argentine general and politician. ... General de Rosas Juan Manuel de Rosas (born Juan Manuel José Domingo Ortiz de Rozas y López de Osornio, 1793-1877) was a conservative Argentinian politician who ruled Argentina from 1829 to 1852. ... Combatants Allied Army Buenos Aires forces Commanders Justo José Urquiza Juan Manuel Rosas Strength 25,000 to 27,000 22,000 Casualties 400 1,200 {{{notes}}} The Battle of Caseros (also known as Monte Caseros) was fought in Caseros , today Estación El Palomar, in the province of Buenos Aires... Bartolomé Mitre Martínez (1821-1906) was an Argentine statesman, military figure, and author. ... Current President Néstor Kirchner The President of Argentina (full title: President of the Argentine Nation, Spanish: Presidente de la Nación Argentina) is the head of state of Argentina. ...