Federation Square
Type	Public space
Location	Melbourne, Australia
Coordinates	37°49′04″S 144°58′07″E / -37.817798, 144.968714Coordinates: 37°49′04″S 144°58′07″E / -37.817798, 144.968714
Opened	26 October 2002
Operated by	Federation Square Pty Ltd
Status	Open all year

Federation Square (also colloquially known as Fed Square) is a cultural precinct in the city of Melbourne, Australia. It comprises a series of buildings containing a public broadcaster, art galleries, a museum, cinemas, exhbition spaces, auditoria, restaurants, bars and shops around two major public spaces, one covered (The Atrium), the other open to the sky, and composed of two spaces that flow into one another (St. Paul's Court and The Square). The majority of the precinct is built on top of a concrete deck over busy railway lines. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Gathering place. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... This article is about the Australian city; the name may also refer to City of Melbourne or Melbourne city centre. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... is the 299th day of the year (300th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... Look up Colloquialism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article is about the Australian city; the name may also refer to City of Melbourne or Melbourne city centre. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Gathering place. ... The Atrium is one of the major public spaces in the Federation Square cultural precinct in central Melbourne, Australia. ...

Location and layout

Federation Square occupies roughly a whole urban block bounded by Swanston, Flinders, and Russell Streets and the Yarra River. The open public squares are directly opposite Flinders Street Station and St Paul's Cathedral. The layout of the precinct helps to connect the historical central district of the city with the Yarra River and a new park Birrarung Marr. This refocusing of the city on the Yarra river also partly reinforces links with the Southbank district, whose redevelopment has been ongoing as a key part of central Melbourne since the late 1980s. This page may meet Wikipedia’s criteria for speedy deletion. ... Swanston Street, looking north from the corner of Bourke Street Swanston Street is a major thoroughfare in the centre of Melbourne, Australia. ... Flinders St, facing east from the intersection of Elizabeth St Flinders Street is a notable street in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ... Russell Street is a north-south street in the central business district of Melbourne, Australia, part of the Hoddle Grid laid out in 1837. ... The Yarra River is a river in southern Victoria, Australia. ... Flinders Street Station is the central railway station of the suburban rail network of Melbourne, Australia. ... St Pauls Cathedral, Melbourne, is the metropolitical and cathedral church of the Anglican Diocese of Melbourne, Victoria. ... Speakers mound at Speakers corner Birrarung Marr is a park located on the south-east edge of the central business district in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ... Southbank, across the Yarra from Melbourne City Southbank is a suburb of Melbourne, Australia in the state of Victoria. ...

The site of Federation Square has had a variety of former uses. The Gas and Fuel Buildings and the Princes Bridge railway station were the immediate predecessors, though in the nineteenth century there was a morgue on the site. The result of an international design competition in the 1990s, Federation Square was designed by Don Bates and Peter Davidson of Lab Architecture Studio. THE PRINCES BRIDGE RAILWAY STATION WAS BUILT IN THE 1800S AND WAS THE TERMINUS FOR ALL EPPING LINE TRAINS.THE ORIGINAL STATION BUILDINGS WERE DEMOLISHED IN 1964 AND REPLACED WITH THE GAS AND FUEL TOWERS.THE STATION CONTINUED TO USE THE NAME PRINCES BRIDGE UNTIL 1980 WHEN IT BECAME... Mortuary, a film directed by Tobe Hooper, see Mortuary (film). ... An architectural design competition is a special type of competition in which an organization or government body that plans to build a new (often public) building asks for architects to enter differing designs for the building. ... Lab Architecture Studio is a firm of architects and urban designers based in Melbourne, Australia. ...

Night panorama of Federation Square

360° panorama of Federation Square

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Design controversy

When the winning bid was announced in 1997, the design was a source of great controversy, being widely supported by the design community and causing outrage among heritage advocates. There was a change of government during its construction, and the incoming Labor administration ordered a significant design revision to appease conservative critics. The original design included several five storey high 'shards', two of which were free-standing on the north-western edge of the precinct. These two structures were intended to provide a framed view of St. Paul's Cathedral from the St. Paul's Court part of the new plaza. A report drawn up by Evan Walker proposed that the westernmost shard interfered with a so-called "heritage vista", a view of the cathedral from the middle of the tram tracks on Princes Bridge to the south. A major controversy ensued and a single-storey version was the compromised result.

For a while after its opening on 26 October 2002, Federation Square remained controversial among Melburnians due to its striking architecture, but also because of its cost – about three times its original budget (it was entirely publicly funded) and for the delays in construction (as its name suggests, it was to have opened in time for the centenary of Australian Federation on 1 January 2001). However, the negativity was short-lived. Despite fears that the plaza would remain empty because of its location on the edge of Melbourne's centre, the open space has proved to be a remarkably popular place for all kinds of rallies, performances, cultural gatherings, celebrations and just 'hanging out'. A key part of the plaza design is its large, fixed public screen, which has been used to broadcast major sporting events and still continues to do so. During the 2006 FIFA World Cup, thousands of football fans braved cold nights to watch the matches on the Federation Square screen. is the 299th day of the year (300th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... This article is about building architecture. ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... For the club competition, see FIFA Club World Cup. ...

The square

Main square paving

The complex of buildings forms a rough U-shape around the main open-air squares, oriented to the west. The eastern end of the square is formed by the glazed walls of The Atrium. While bluestone is used for the majority of the paving in the Atrium and St. Paul's Court, matching footpaths elsewhere in central Melbourne, the main square is paved in ochre-coloured stone blocks from Western Australia and invokes images of the Outback. The paving is designed as a huge urban artwork called 'Nearamnew', by Paul Carter and gently rises above street level, containing a number of textual pieces inlaid in its undulating surface. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Bluestone is the name given to a form of dolerite which appears blue when wet or freshly broken. ... This article is about the color. ... Slogan or Nickname: Wildflower State or the Golden State Other Australian states and territories Capital Perth Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Ken Michael Premier Alan Carpenter (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 15  - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2005-06)  - Product ($m)  $107,910 (4th)  - Product per capita  $53,134/person... For other uses, see Outback (disambiguation). ... Professor Paul Carter (b. ...

Cultural Institutions

In addition to a number of shops, bars, cafés and restaurants, Federation Square's cultural facilities include: Singles bar redirects here. ... Cafe redirects here. ... For other uses, see Restaurant (disambiguation). ...

• The Australian Centre for the Moving Image (ACMI)
• The Ian Potter Centre: NGV Australia
• The BMW Edge Amphitheatre
• The Melbourne television headquarters of the Special Broadcasting Service (SBS), one of Australia's two publicly-funded national broadcasters
• Champions: Australian Racing Museum and Hall of Fame
• National Design Centre
• The Melbourne Tourist Information Centre

The Australian Centre for the Moving Image, or ACMI, is the worlds first museum dedicated to the moving image in all its forms (The Museum of the Moving Image in New York is only dedicated to film). ... National Gallery of Victoria The National Gallery of Victoria is an art gallery and museum in Melbourne, Australia. ... An auditorium is the area within a theatre, concert hall or other performance space where the audience is located in order to hear and watch the performance. ... The Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) is one of two government funded Australian public broadcasting radio and television networks, the other being the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). ...

Ian Potter Centre: NGV Australia

Federation Square from Eureka Tower Skydeck

The Ian Potter Centre houses the Australian part of the art collection of the National Gallery of Victoria (NGV), and is located at Federation Square (international works are displayed at the NGV International on St Kilda Rd). There are over 20,000 Australian artworks, including paintings, sculpture, photography, fashion and textiles, and the collection is the oldest and most well-known in the country. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (1,200 × 900 pixels, file size: 332 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Federation Square from Eureka Tower Skydeck, August 2007. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (1,200 × 900 pixels, file size: 332 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Federation Square from Eureka Tower Skydeck, August 2007. ... The Eureka Tower is a residential building in the Southbank precinct of Melbourne, Australia. ... National Gallery of Victoria The National Gallery of Victoria is an art gallery and museum in Melbourne, Australia. ...

Well-known works at the Ian Potter Centre include Frederick McCubbin's Pioneers (1904) and Tom Roberts' Shearing of the Rams (1890). Also featured are works from Sidney Nolan, John Perceval, Margaret Preston and Fred Williams. Indigenous art includes works by William Barak and Emily Kngwarreye. The Letter 1884 Frederick McCubbin (25 February 1855 – 20 December 1917) was an Australian painter who was prominent in the famous Heidelberg School, one of the most important periods in Australias visual arts history. ... Thomas William Roberts (8 March 1856–14 September 1931), usually known simply as Tom, was a famous Australian artist and a key member of the Heidelberg School. ... Sidney Nolan, The Trial, 1947: enamel on composition board; 90. ... John Perceval self portrait (1946) John Perceval, b. ... Australia Day Stamp featuring the art of Margaret Preston released by Australia Post in 1996. ... Fred Williams, (1927-1982) is an Australian painter, known particularly for his landscapes. ... William Barak (c1824 - 15 August 1903), was the last ngurungaeta of the Wurundjeri-willam clan, based around the area of present-day Melbourne, Australia. ... Cleanup|August 2006}}Emily Kame Kngwarreye (1910-2 September 1996), Australian Aboriginal artist from the Utopia community in the Northern Territory. ...

ACMI – Australian Centre for the Moving Image

The Australian Centre for the Moving Image has two cinemas that are equipped to play every film, video and digital video format, with attention to high quality acoustics. The screen gallery, built along the entire length of what was previously a train station platform, is a subterranean gallery for experimentation with the moving image. Video art, installations, interactives, sound art and net art are all regularly exhibited in this space. Additional venues within ACMI allow computer-based public education, and other interactive presentations. The Australian Centre for the Moving Image, or ACMI, is the worlds first museum dedicated to the moving image in all its forms (The Museum of the Moving Image in New York is only dedicated to film). ...

In 2003, ACMI commissioned SelectParks to produce an interactive game-based, site specific installation called AcmiPark. AcmiPark replicates and abstracts the real world architecture of Federation Square. It also houses highly innovative mechanisms for interactive, multi-player sound and musical composition.

Champions: Australian Racing Museum and Hall of Fame

Champions: Australian Racing Museum and Hall of Fame holds an array of Australian racing historical items. The Museum and Hall of Fame also has interactive displays, traveling exhibitions and memorabilia.

National Design Centre

The National Design Centre showcases Australian design and includes a shop.

Design features

Federation Square's unmistakable sandstone building façade

Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (960 × 720 pixels, file size: 196 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (960 × 720 pixels, file size: 196 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Red sandstone interior of Lower Antelope Canyon, Arizona, worn smooth due to erosion by flash flooding over millions of years Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral or rock grains. ...

The Atrium

"The Atrium" is one of the major public spaces in the Federation Square cultural precinct in central Melbourne, Australia. It is a street-like space, five-stories high with glazed walls and roof. The exposed metal structure and glazing patterns follow the fractal geometry used elsewhere in the precinct's building facades.^[1] It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Gathering place. ... This article is about the Australian city; the name may also refer to City of Melbourne or Melbourne city centre. ... A city-centre street in Frankfurt, Germany A residential street in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA A street is a public thoroughfare in the built environment. ... The boundary of the Mandelbrot set is a famous example of a fractal. ... West facade of the Notre-Dame de Strasbourg Cathedral A facade (or façade) (IPA: /fa sad/) is generally the exterior of a building — especially the front, but also sometimes the sides and rear. ...

The Labyrinth

The "Labyrinth" is a passive cooling system sandwiched above the railway lines and below the middle of the square. The concrete structure consists of 1.2 km of interlocking, honeycombed walls. It covers 160 m². The walls have a zig-zag profile to maximize their surface area, and are spaced 60 cm apart. Passive cooling refers to technologies or design features used to cool houses naturally, such as those technologies discussed in the Passive House project. ... This article is about the construction material. ... “km” redirects here. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... A centimetre (American spelling centimeter, symbol cm) is a unit of length that is equal to one hundredth of a metre, the current SI base unit of length. ...

During summer nights, cold air is pumped in the combed space, cooling down the concrete, while heat absorbed during the day is pumped out. The following day, cold air is pumped from the Labyrinth out into the Atrium through floor vents. This process can keep the Atrium up to 12 °C cooler than outside. This is comparable to conventional air conditioning, but using one-tenth the energy and producing one-tenth the carbon dioxide. For other uses, see Summer (disambiguation). ... Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale (previously known as the centigrade scale). ... Note: in the broadest sense, air conditioning can refer to any form of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning. ... Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom. ...

During winter, the process is reversed, whereby warm daytime air stored in the Labyrinth overnight, to be pumped back into the Atrium during the day. For other uses, see Winter (disambiguation). ...

The system can also partly cool the ACMI building when the power is not required by the Atrium.

References

• Brown-May, A and Day, N (2003) Federation Square, South Yarra, Vic: Hardie Grant Books (ISBN 1-74066-002-1)

External links

• Federation Square
• Federation Square "FedCam"