A type of message that a receiver transmits back to a source in response to having received a message.
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Feedback is observed or used in various areas dealing with complex systems, such as engineering, architecture, economics, and biology.
Feedback is usually bipolar—that is, positive and negative—in natural environments, which, in their diversity, furnish synergic and antagonistic responses to the output of any system[2].
Feedback is also central to the operations of genes and gene regulatory networks.
Feedback is one of the main concerns of cybernetics.
Feedback may be negative, which tends to reduce output (but in amplifiers, stabilises and linearises operation), positive, which tends to increase output, or bipolar[1], which can either increase or decrease output.
Feedback is usually bipolar—that is, positive and negative—in natural environments, which, in their diversity, furnish synergic and antagonistic responses to the output of any system[2].