Felix von Hartmann (December 15, 1851 - November 11, 1919) was Archbishop of Cologne from 1912 to 1919. December 15 is the 349th day of the year (350th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1851 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... 1919 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated bishop heading a diocese of particular importance due to either its size, history, or both, called an archdiocese. ... Cologne skyline at night. ... 1912 is a leap year starting on Monday. ...

Life

Felix von Hartmann was born in Münster, the child of the second marriage of government official Albert von Hartmann. The family was close to the Westphalian aristocracy and served in a manner similar to the traditional Prussian public servants. Position - Münster in Germany Town Hall at Prinzipalmarkt Münster: Prinzipalmarkt Münster is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ... Westphalia (German: Westfalen) is a region in Germany, centred on the cities of Dortmund, Gelsenkirchen, Münster, Bielefeld, and Osnabrück and included in the states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony. ... The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 The word Prussia (German: Preußen or Preussen, Polish: Prusy, Lithuanian: PrÅ«sai, Latin: Borussia) has had various (often contradictory) meanings: The land of the Baltic Prussians (in what is now parts of southern Lithuania, the Kaliningrad exclave of...

After finishing his courses at Gymnasium Paulinum in Westphalia, he attended the gymnasium associated with the bishopric of Gaesendonck, where Hermann Dingelstadt (or Dingelstad), later Bishop of Münster, was his teacher. In 1870, he enrolled in a theological school in Westphalia, and on December 19, 1874, he was ordained a priest. Because the "Kulturkampf" ("culture war") made employment in Germany impossible, he went to Rome, where he became Chaplain of S. Maria dell'Anima, the German church in Rome, and simultaneously started his study of canon law. In 1877 he earned the title of Dr. jur. can. (doctor of canon law) and returned to Westphalia in 1879, where he became chaplain in the parishes of Havixbeck and Emmerich. A gymnasium is a type of school of secondary education in parts of Europe. ... 1870 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... December 19 is the 353rd day of the year (354th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1874 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Roman Catholic priest LCDR Allen R. Kuss (USN) aboard USS Enterprise A priest or priestess is a holy man or woman who takes an officiating role in worship of any religion, with the distinguishing characteristic of offering sacrifices. ... The German term Kulturkampf (literally, cultural fight) commonly refers to the early years of the 1871 German Empire, when Chancellor Otto von Bismarck attempted to reduce the influence of the Catholics in Germany, but can be used to refer to similar cultural conflicts at other periods and in other places. ... City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) Founded 21 April 753 BC mythical, 1st millennium BC Region Latium Mayor Walter Veltroni (Democratici di Sinistra) Area  - City Proper  1290 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density (city proper) 2,546,807 almost 4,000,000 1... In Western culture, canon law is the law of the Roman Catholic and Anglican churches. ... 1877 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1879 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The city of Emmerich (or in full Emmerich am Rhein, meaning Emmerich on the Rhine;Dutch Emmerik) stands on the lower part of the River Rhine in the northwest of the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia. ...

In 1890, he became secretary and chaplain to Dingelstadt, by this time Bishop of Münster. He rose through the ranks of the Church, serving as counselor of the episcopal curia of Münich, 1895-1905; canon of the cathedral chapter of Münster, 1903-1905; vicar general of Münster, October 30, 1905-1911; dean of the chapter and vicar capitular, 1910; and protonotary apostolic ad instar participantium, December 20, 1907. 1890 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1895 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1905 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... A vicar general is an ecclesiastical office in the Latin rite of the Roman Catholic Church existing in each particular church. ... October 30 is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 62 days remaining. ... 1911 was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... 1910 in topic: Arts Architecture- Art- Film- Literature- Music- Television Science and technology Aviation- Rail transport- Radio- Science Other topics Australia- Canada- Ireland- South Africa- Sport Births- Deaths Lists of leaders: State leaders - Religious leaders 1910 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... December 20 is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1907 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

He was prepared, on the basis of royal nomination, to be promoted to the episcopate of Münster, where he was promoted to dean in 1911. Having great influence on church politics, because the helpless Bishop trusted him completely, he had a narrow and fearful point of view concerning the reformation of catholizism, which even later he never gave up. Because his influence was well known, his election to the bishopric of Münster on June 6, 1911 surprised no one. Despite the royal government's disapproval of his ultramontane views it was impressed by his wise and polite ways, his excellent manners as well as his noble descent. His papal confirmation followed on July 27 and his ordination as bishop by the archbishop of Cologne, Anton Fischer, on 26 October in Münster. June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining. ... 1911 was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... Ultramontanism literally alludes to a policy supporting those dwelling beyond the mountains (ultra montes), that is beyond the Alps - generally referring to the Pope in Rome. ... July 27 is the 208th day (209th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 157 days remaining. ... Cologne skyline at night. ... October 26 is the 299th day of the year (300th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 66 days remaining. ...

On 29 October, 1912, von Hartmann was selected as archbishop of Cologne and was enthroned on 19 April 1913. On 2 May, 1914, Pope Pius X made him a Cardinal. From 1914 until his death, he was the leader of the Conference of German Bishops in Fulda. October 29 is the 302nd day of the year (303rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 63 days remaining. ... April 19 is the 109th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (110th in leap years). ... May 2 is the 122nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (123rd in leap years). ... His Holiness Pope Saint Pius X, born Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto (June 2, 1835 – August 20, 1914), was Pope from 1903 to 1914, succeeding Pope Leo XIII. He was the first pope since the Counter-Reformation Pope St. ... A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official in the Roman Catholic Church, ranking just below the Pope and appointed by him as a member of the College of Cardinals during a consistory. ... Fulda is a city in Hesse, Germany; it is located on the Fulda River and is the administrative seat of the Fulda district. ...

When he arrived in Cologne at the height of the trade union strike, his main concern were the Catholic workers' organizations. In this issue he succeeded in assuming a flexible attitude and starting in 1913, he also openly endorsed the interdenominational trade unions. Whereas he found support for his stance in Cologne and some other places many others considered his opinion to be a stab in the back. Cardinal Kopp even tried to block his ordination as Cardinal because of this.

Often, and certainly accurately, described as patriotic and loyal to the monarchy, those around him always saw him as a political conservative, given which his restraint with reference to the Centre Party is self-explanatory. In addition, he did not support the abolition of the "Dreiklassenwahlrecht", a system which allocated voting rights according to wealth, because he feared that is would benefit the Social Democrats (SPD). For conservatism in the United States and Canada, see Conservatism in North America. ... The German Centre Party (Deutsche Zentrumspartei or merely Zentrum), often called the Catholic Centre Party, was a Catholic political party in Germany during the Kaiserreich and the Weimar Republic. ... After the 1848 revolutions in the German states, the Prussian three-class franchise system (Dreiklassenwahlrecht) was introduced in 1849 by the Prussian king Friedrich Wilhelm IV for the election of the Lower House of the Prussian state parliament. ... The Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD – Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands) is the oldest political party of Germany still in existence and also one of the oldest and largest in the world, celebrating its 140th anniversary in 2003. ...

He was convinced of the legitimacy of World War I, and in 1915 went to Rome personally to explain the German government's view on the Belgian question. The risk-averse and conflict-shy Hartmann sought in this manner to escape at any price from the Belgian Cardinal Mercier. When Mercier asked the German episcopate in 1916 to acquit the Belgian population from the reproach of partisan warfare, Hartmann could barely be hindered to make a public statement in response, which would have drawn the episcopate into the nationalist polemic debate. World War I was primarily a European conflict with many facets: immense human sacrifice, stalemate trench warfare, and the use of new, devastating weapons - tanks, aircraft, machineguns, and poison gas. ...

In general Felix von Hartmann cared for the cure of souls, for prisoners of war and for mercy for many foreigners that were sentenced by German war tribunals. Therefore he travelled to the Western Front in the summer of 1916 and continued to maintain good contacts with Kaiser Wilhelm II even after the fall of the German Empire. For most of World War I, Allied Forces, predominantly those of France and the United Kingdom, were stalled at trenches on the Western Front. ... Kaiser Wilhelm II Wilhelm II, German Emperor, ( 27 January , 1859–4 June , 1941), also known as William II, was the last German Emperor ( Kaiser ) and the last King ( König ) of Prussia, ruling from 1888 to 1918. ...

In mid-September 1919 Hartmann became ill with shingles on the left side of his head, which led rapidly to the paralysis of the left half of his face. At the beginning of November he contracted pneumonia as well, which led to his death in the early morning hours of 11 November 1919. The collapse of the monarchy inevitably meant that von Hartmann's time was past, so that his death so shortly afterwards may have been a blessing for him. Herpes zoster, colloquially known as shingles, is the reactivation of varicella zoster virus, leading to a crop of painful blisters over the area of a dermatome. ... Pneumonia (the ancient Greek word for lungs) is defined as an inflammation, usually caused by infection, involving the alveoli of the lungs. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 50 days remaining. ...

Hartmann is buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Cologne.

External links

• The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church
• A brief biography (in German) gives numerous references.