Female ejaculation (also known colloquially as squirting or gushing) refers to the expulsion of noticeable amounts of clear fluid by human females from the paraurethral ducts and/or urethra during orgasm. The exact source of the fluid is debated, although some researchers believe it originates from the Skene's gland. This box:      A fluid is defined as a substance that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress regardless of how small the applied stress. ... In human anatomy, the Skenes glands (also known as the lesser vestibular, periurethral glands, or paraurethral glands[1]) are glands located on the upper wall of the vagina, around the lower end of the urethra. ... In anatomy, the urethra (from Greek ουρήθρα - ourethra) is a tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. ... An orgasm (sexual climax) is the conclusion of the plateau phase of the sexual response cycle, and may be experienced by both males and females. ... In human anatomy, the Skenes glands (also known as the lesser vestibular, periurethral glands, or paraurethral glands[1]) are glands located on the upper wall of the vagina, around the lower end of the urethra. ...

Relation to urinary incontinence

For most of the last century, there was controversy over whether the effect existed at all, and in recent history there has been confusion between female ejaculation and urinary incontinence. However, scientific studies from the 1980s and later have demonstrated that a substance is produced which is distinct from urine, though it shares some qualities, such as alkalinity, with urine. ^[1] The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. ...

Sexual stimulation

According to some, female ejaculation is mostly accomplished by stimulation of the urethral sponge (sometimes identified as the G-spot) an area purported to be near the front of the vaginal wall.^[2][3] More rarely, ejaculation can be accomplished through external stimulation of the clitoris alone, the internal tissue of the clitoris then contracting and stimulating the urethral tissue.^{[citation needed]} Female internal reproductive anatomy The urethral sponge is a spongy cushion of tissue, found in the lower genital area of women, that sits against both the pubic bone and vaginal wall, and surrounds the urethra. ... ... The vagina, (from Latin, literally sheath or scabbard ) is the tubular tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body in female placental mammals and marsupials, or to the cloaca in female birds, monotremes, and some reptiles. ...

Historical and scientific discussion

Female ejaculation has been discussed in anatomical, medical, and biological literature throughout recorded history. In addition to references in ancient Indian^[4], Jewish, and Chinese writings^{[citations needed]}, the classical Greek philosopher Aristotle noted the existence of female ejaculation,^[5] and the Greek physician Galen (2nd century) described the female prostate. The Italian Renaissance anatomist Renaldus Columbus referred to female ejaculate in his explanation of the function of the clitoris. In the 17th century, the Dutch anatomist Regnier de Graaf wrote a book about female anatomy and spoke of female fluid "rushing out" and "coming in one gush" during sexual excitement.^[6] For other uses, see Aristotle (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Galen (disambiguation). ... The prostate is a compound tubuloalveolar exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system. ... The Italian Renaissance began the opening phase of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe that spanned the period from the end of the 14th century to about 1600, marking the transition between Medieval and Early Modern Europe. ... Greek anatome, from ana-temnein, to cut up), is the branch of biology that deals with the structure and organization of living things; thus there is animal anatomy (zootomy) and plant anatomy (phytonomy). ... Matteo Realdo Colombo or Renaldus Columbus (c. ... Regnier de Graaf Regnier de Graaf (b. ...

Research suggests that female ejaculate originates from Skene's gland.

Image File history File links Size of this preview: 692 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (787 × 682 pixel, file size: 48 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 692 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (787 × 682 pixel, file size: 48 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... In human anatomy, the Skenes glands (also known as the lesser vestibular, periurethral glands, or paraurethral glands[1]) are glands located on the upper wall of the vagina, around the lower end of the urethra. ...

Modern investigation

In recent centuries, female ejaculation was largely ignored by the modern medical community, until the 1982 publication of a bestselling book The G-Spot And Other Discoveries About Human Sexuality, by Ladas, Whipple, and Perry. The book discussed the question of female ejaculation and brought the concept back into discussions of women's sexuality, both in the medical community and among the general public.^{[citations needed]}

Lack of understanding

While many in the medical and scientific communities are now acknowledging the existence of female ejaculation, there remains a large void when it comes to solid scientific data explaining:

• The process of ejaculation in females.
• The source of the fluid itself.

Nature of the fluid

Studies have been done by Beverly Whipple, John Perry, Gary Schubach, Milan Zaviacic and Cabello Santamaria, but their findings are limited. While current information offers no solid information about the source of the fluid, chemical analysis performed on the fluid has revealed that while it sometimes contains at least traces of urine, it regularly contains chemical markers unique to the prostate (whether male or female).^[1] The prostate is a compound tubuloalveolar exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system. ...

The latest research indicates the possibility that all women produce female ejaculate, even if they are not aware of it:

• The expelled or released fluid is not urine, it is an alkaline liquid secreted by the paraurethral (alongside the urethra) glands.
• The paraurethral glands produce an enzyme called prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), along with prostate-specific antigen (PSA).^{[7][8][9][10][11]}
• Skene's gland also produces Human Protein 1, a trait formerly believed to be unique to the male prostate.^[12]

Studies have found that: The common (Arrhenius) definition of a base is a chemical compound that either donates hydroxide ions or absorbs hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. ...

• 54-60% of women have experienced emission of fluid at orgasm,
• with 6% reporting that they regularly ejaculate in a forceful manner, and
• an additional 13% stating that they have done so infrequently.^[13][1]

Dr. Schubach believes that "most women, the overwhelming proportion of women" are capable of ejaculation with training and practice.^[14]

Research

There have been a number of studies carried out on the fluid expelled during female ejaculation to determine the chemical makeup. Through chemical analysis the expelled fluid has been found to contain the following:

• glucose (a natural sugar) and fructose (another natural sugar, also found in the prostatic fluid of semen)
• prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a protein in male ejaculate produced by the prostate gland, and in females, believed to be generated by Skene's glands
• very low levels of creatinine and urea (the two primary chemical markers of urine, found in high levels in pre- and post-ejaculatory urinalysis).^[15]

In 1988, Milan Zaviacic, M.D., Ph.D., head of the Institute of Pathology, Comenius University Bratislava, published a study of five women who were patients at a fertility department of a hospital of gynecology and obstetrics. Total samples from one of the participants and one of four samples from a second participant were collected in the laboratory. The rest were collected at the homes of the women and transported to the laboratory in ice. In four of the five cases, the samples were analyzed within three hours of collection, with the fifth subject’s specimens analyzed three months after collection. The results in all five cases showed a higher concentration of fructose in the ejaculate sample than in the urine sample.^[16] Glucose (Glc), a monosaccharide (or simple sugar), is an important carbohydrate in biology. ... Fructose (also levulose or laevulose) is a simple reducing sugar (monosaccharide) found in many foods and is one of the three most important blood sugars along with glucose and galactose. ... Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a protein manufactured exclusively by the prostate gland; PSA is produced for the ejaculate where it liquifies the semen and allows sperm to swim freely. ... A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin showing coloured alpha helices. ... The prostate is a compound tubuloalveolar exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system. ... In human anatomy, the Skenes glands (also known as the lesser vestibular, periurethral glands, or paraurethral glands[1]) are glands located on the upper wall of the vagina, around the lower end of the urethra. ... Creatinine is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscle, and is usually produced at a fairly constant rate by the body (depending on muscle mass). ... Urea is an organic compound with the chemical formula (NH2)2CO. Urea is also known by the International Nonproprietary Name (rINN) carbamide, as established by the World Health Organization. ... The Comenius University in Bratislava (Slovak: Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave), with most faculties located in Bratislava, is the largest university in Slovakia. ...

According to studies conducted by the Universidade de São Paulo, by doctor Paulo Carvalho Fez Barroso, a probable explanation to the fact was that of the female ejaculation delivers important energy sources such as glucose and fructose to improve the semen feeding sources, thus improving too the chances of fertilization of the woman's egg.

In 1997 Dr. F Cabello Santamaria analyzed urine for PSA using Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay and found that 75 percent of the samples showed a concentration of PSA in post-orgasmic urine samples which was not present in pre-orgasmic urine samples. The fluid collected at the point of orgasm (distinct from the urine samples) showed the presence of PSA in 100 percent of samples.^[17]

In 2002, Emanuele Jannini of L'Aquila University in Italy offered one explanation for this phenomenon, as well as for the frequent denials of its existence: The University of LAquila (Italian: Università degli Studi dellAquila) is a university located in LAquila, Italy. ...

Skene's gland openings are usually the size of pinholes, and vary in size from one woman to another, to the point where they appear to be missing entirely in some women. If Skene's glands are the cause of female ejaculation, this may explain the observed absence of this phenomenon in many women.

In 2007, researchers at Rudolfstiftung Hospital-Urology, Vienna, performed high-resolution ultrasound and urethroscopy on two premenopausal women who reported orgasmic ejaculation. They verified diffuse glandular tissue around the length of the female urethra with an midline ductal opening at 6 o'clock position just inside the urethral meatus. Biochemical analysis of collected female ejaculate was found to be consistent with prostatic secretions and not urine.^[18]

In society

Medical contradictions

Misinformation about female ejaculation can lead to misdiagnosis of underlying medical conditions or wrong diagnosis where no medical condition exists.

Current studies verify that female ejaculate is expelled through the urethra yet many continue to believe that the fluid leaves the body through the vagina. Expulsion of copious amounts of fluid from the vagina is called profuse vaginal discharge and can have several different causes: In anatomy, the urethra (from Greek ουρήθρα - ourethra) is a tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. ...

• infection or sexually transmitted disease - presents with typical symptoms including itch, odor and / or redness;

• a sexually transmitted infection such as Trichomonas vaginalis which will often present without typical symptoms;^[19] or

• physiological discharge - an abundant amount of discharge with no underlying medical disorder.

For this reason it is important that any female who experiences abnormal amounts of vaginal discharge undergo a physical examination to rule out underlying medical conditions. Binomial name Trichomonas vaginalis (Donné 1836) Trichomonas vaginalis, an anaerobic, parasitic flagellated protozoan, is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, and is the most common pathogenic protozoan infection of humans in industrialized countries. ...

In other cases, women who may not be fully educated about female ejaculation may assume themselves to be suffering from urinary stress incontinence and seek medical intervention. Treatment for urinary stress incontinence may involve the use of medications or surgery, both unnecessary and dangerous if the source of the fluid leakage is female ejaculation.

British film classification

In the United Kingdom, the British Board of Film Classification has neither confirmed nor denied the existence of the phenomenon of female ejaculation, only claiming that all examples they have seen thus far during classification have been urination during sex. Therefore, any sex videos on the UK market are allegedly yet to feature the phenomenon.^[20] British Board of Film Classification logo The British Board of Film Classification (BBFC), originally British Board of Film Censors, is the organisation responsible for film and some video game classification and censorship within the United Kingdom. ...

See also

• Bartholin's gland
• Retrograde ejaculation, where the fluid travels up the urethra towards the bladder could also possibly account for the absence otherwise observed.

The Bartholins glands (also called Bartholin glands or greater vestibular glands) are two glands located slightly below and to the left and right of the opening of the vagina in women. ... In males, retrograde ejaculation occurs when the fluid to be ejaculated, which would normally exit via the urethra, is redirected towards the urinary bladder. ...

Notes

Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 173rd day of the year (174th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 173rd day of the year (174th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 173rd day of the year (174th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 173rd day of the year (174th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 173rd day of the year (174th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 173rd day of the year (174th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 173rd day of the year (174th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 173rd day of the year (174th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 173rd day of the year (174th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 173rd day of the year (174th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 135th day of the year (136th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 135th day of the year (136th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

• Addiego, F., Belzer, E. G., Comolli, J., Moger, W., Perry, J. D., & Whipple, B. (1981). Female ejaculation: A case study. The Journal of Sex Research, 17, 13-21.
• Arthur, Clint (2004) "9 Free Secrets of New Sensual Power"
• Nicola Jones (2002-07-03). "Bigger is better when it comes to the G spot". New Scientist. Retrieved on 2006-06-29. 

Also see: 2002 (number). ... July 3 is the 184th day of the year (185th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• An Annotated Bibliography on Sexual Arousal, Orgasm, and Female Ejaculation in Humans and Animals
• The-Clitoris.com: Female Ejaculation & The G-Spot: Instructions and diagrams from the feminist perspective.
• Electronic Journal of Human Sexuality: Urethral Expulsions During Sensual Arousal and Bladder Catheterization in Seven Human Females by Gary Schubach ("Female Ejaculation" Bibliography)
• Feminists Against Censorship: Submission to the BBFC: Female Ejaculation: Research Contrary to BBFC Ruling.
• Female Ejaculation: What is it? - by Lisa S. Lawless, R.M., C.E.O. Psychotherapist, Founder Of HolisticWisdom.com
• Female Ejaculation, Myth and Reality by Dr. Santamaría Cabello
• History of "shejaculation"