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While rare in the Roman world, female gladiators or gladiatrices (sing. gladiatrix) were present in the bloody arena sport. It is commonly accepted that Emperor Domitian was the first to employ female gladiators as a treat for those who watched the amphitheatre blood sports. They were banned around AD 200 under the rule of Emperor Severus City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) Founded 21 April 753 BC mythical, 1st millennium BC Region Latium Mayor Walter Veltroni (Left-Wing Democrats) Area - City Proper 1290 km² Population - City (2004) - Metropolitan - Density (city proper) 2,823,807 almost 4,000,000 1...
Domitian bust in the Louvre Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 – 18 September 96), commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman emperor of the gens Flavia. ...
Pollice Verso, an 1872 painting by Jean-Léon Gérôme, is a well known history painters researched conception of a gladiatorial combat. ...
Anno Domini Nostri Iesu Christi (In the Year of Our Lord Jesus Christ), commonly shortened to Anno Domini (In the Year of the Lord), abbreviated as AD or A.D., is the designation used to number years in the Christian Era, conventionally used with the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ...
For other uses, see number 200. ...
Lucius Septimius Severus, (April 11, 146-February 4, 211) was Roman emperor from April 9, 193 to 211. ...
In September 2000 the Museum of London announced that it had excavated a grave purported to be that of a female gladiator. The grave was located in England, and the press soon dubbed the occupant "Gladiator Girl." The grave goods found within the grave included numerous oil lamps, and one even depicted a fallen gladiator [1]. Scholars still debate if the occupant is truly a gladiator, but the evidence is intriguing but not conclusive [2]. Professor Steven Murray[3] details the existence of female gladiators in his article "Female Gladiators of the Ancient Roman World" Journal of Combative Sport 2003. [4] 2000 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December This is a timeline for events in September, 2000. ...
The Museum of London documents the history of London from the Palaeolithic to the present day. ...
 Relief of two gladiatrices found at Halicarnassus. The most compelling piece of evidence for the existence of female gladiators is a marble relief found in Halicarnassus and currently on display at the British Museum.[5] The relief depicts two female gladiators. With an adopted nom de guerre appearing beneath each of them (Amazon and Achillia), they are depicted in loinclothes and wearing traditional gladiator equipment such as greaves and a manica. Each is armed with a sword and shield; neither is wearing a helment nor a shirt. Professor Kathleen Coleman[6] of Harvard University details the relief extensively in in her academic manuscript "Missio at Halicarnassus" Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, 2000; 100: 487-500[7]. Image File history File links Gladiatrix_relief. ...
Image File history File links Gladiatrix_relief. ...
A pseudonym or allonym is a name (sometimes legally adopted, sometimes purely fictitious) used by an individual as an alternative to their birth name. ...
In Greek mythology, the , Amazons were either an ancient legendary nation of female warriors or a contemporary land of women at the outer edges of the world. ...
A greave (from 12th century French greve shin, of uncertain origin) is a piece of armour that protects the leg. ...
A manica was a type of leather arm guard worn by Roman gladiators. ...
Historically, a strong condemnation against female gladiators was written by Juvenal, decrying the fact female gladiators were typically from upper-class families and seeking thrill and attention. Note: This article is about the Roman poet, who is the most famous person by this name. ...
- Who has not seen the dummies of wood they slash at and batter
- Whether with swords or with spears, going through all the manoeuvres?
- These are the girls who blast on the trumpets in honour of Flora.
- Or, it may be they have deeper designs, and are really preparing
- For the arena itself. How can a woman be decent
- Sticking her head in a helmet, denying the sex she was born with?
- Manly feats they adore, but they wouldn’t want to be men,
- Poor weak things (they think), how little they really enjoy it!
- What a great honour it is for a husband to see, at an auction
- Where his wife’s effects are up for sale, belts, shin-guards,
- Arm-protectors and plumes!
- Hear her grunt and groan as she works at it, parrying, thrusting;
- See her neck bent down under the weight of her helmet.
- Look at the rolls of bandage and tape, so her legs look like tree-trunks,
- Then have a laugh for yourself, after the practice is over,
- Armour and weapons put down, and she squats as she used the vessel.
- Ah, degenerate girls from the line of our praetors and consuls,
- Tell us, whom have you seen got up in any such fashion,
- Panting and sweating like this? No gladiator’s wench,
- No tough strip-tease broad would ever so much as attempt it.
In Roman mythology, Flora was a goddess of flowers and the season of spring. ...
Greek greaves from 500 b. ...
// Definition According to Cicero, Praetor was a title which designated the consuls as the leaders of the armies of the state. ...
For modern diplomatic consuls, see Consulate general. ...
For the book or movie Striptease see Striptease (book) and Striptease (movie) A striptease is a performance, usually a dance, in which the performer gradually removes their clothing for the purposes of sexually arousing the audience, usually performed in nightclubs. ...
In art
Among the pictures commissioned in Italy by king Philip IV of Spain for his Palacio del Buen Retiro in Madrid, there is a series on Roman circuses including a picture of female gladiators. Philip IV of Spain Philip IV (Spanish: Felipe IV) (April 8, 1605 – September 17, 1665) was the king of Spain, from 1621 until his death, and king of Portugal as Philip III (Portuguese: Filipe III) until 1640. ...
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