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Under the system of feudalism, a fiefdom, fief, feud, feoff, or fee, often consisted of heritable lands or revenue-producing property granted by a liege lord in return for a form of allegiance, originally often to give him the means to fulfill his military duties when called upon. However anything of value could be held in fief, such as an office, a right of exploitation (e.g., hunting, fishing) or a revenue rather than the land it comes from. Roland pledges his fealty to Charlemagne; from a manuscript of a chanson de geste. ...
Inheritance is the practice of passing on property, titles, debts, and obligations upon the death of an individual. ...
Allegiance is the duty which a subject or a citizen owes to the state or to the sovereign of the state to which he belongs. ...
A lord is a male who has power and authority. ...
Western fiefs
The vassal would perform knight's service—usually fealty, military service, or security. The conveyance of the interest in real estate by a lord to a vassal was often ceremonialized in the form of "feoffment with livery of seisin" in which the lord and vassal would walk onto the property and the lord would physically place a twig or clod of earth from the property into the hands of the vassal. The vassal was then said to be "seised of the estate." Look up vassal in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
The silver Anglia knight, commissioned as a trophy in 1850, intended to represent the Black Prince. ...
Conveyancing is the act of transferring the ownership of a property from one person to another. ...
Seisin (from Middle English saysen, seysen, in the legal sense of to put in possession of, or to take possession of, hence, to grasp, to seize; the Old French seisir, saisir, is from Low Lat. ...
The vassals must not be confused with Serfs, who were unfree, hence unable to contract an allegiance, but normally worked on the farms. There were however 'semi-free' vassals, known as Ministeriales (Latin circa 'Servicemen'), especially amongst a Lords retinue, some of which used their direct access to the source of power in positions of confidence (e.g. domestic household or domanial administration) well enough to rise in station, sometimes even be ennobled. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Ministerialis (plural ministeriales; a Latin word, used in English, meaning originally an official in the imperial service; in German, Ministeriale(n)) was the name used for a member of the class of service nobility in the Middle Ages in Germany. ...
Fiefdom usually required the vassal to obey conditions of customary and specified homage and fealty. In theory, a fief would provide revenue to equip and support the vassal knight to serve the liege lord. The fief was granted to the vassal, but remained in the ownership of the liege lord. The lord did not have the right to withdraw the fief (unless the vassal broke his obligation) or to increase the dues for a fief. For a description of the medieval homage ceremony see commendation ceremony Homage is generally used in modern English to mean any public show of respect to someone to whom you feel indebted. ...
Roland pledges his fealty to Charlemagne; from a manuscript of a chanson de geste. ...
Ownership is the state or fact of exclusive possession or control of property, which may be an object, land/real estate, intellectual property or some other kind of property. ...
Fiefs division could occur in an unlimited fashion, known as subinfeudation. This tended to weaken the unifying strength of the fief system owing to exaggerated distributed power structure and reduced efficiency in the feudal system.
The simplest form of a fief existed as a self-sufficient estate.
Fiefz, typically 1,000–2,000+ acres (4–8 km²), consisted of housing structures, barns, and gardens. There usually was a hall (not necessarily a manor), religious structures (commonly a church), a mill, a winery, and/or an oil press on the fief. The fief commonly had arable land, meadows, pastures (the commons), fish ponds, and forests. Fiefs that possessed cultivated arable land were divided into three large fields and farmed by the three-field system of agriculture. One field was devoted to winter crops, another to summer crops, and a third lying fallow each year. The land was worked by peasants (known as serfs). Generally, rights of cultivation on the fief were heritable among the serfs. A hallway at the Royal York Hotel Look up Hall, hall in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
A manor house is a country house, which has historically formed the centre of a manor (see Manorialism). ...
A church building (or simply church) is a building used in Christian worship. ...
A grinding mill is a unit operation designed to break a solid material into smaller pieces. ...
Wine Barrels A winery is a facility where fruit, usually grapes, is processed into wine. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with cooking oil. ...
Modern arable agriculture typically uses large fields like this one in Dorset, England. ...
Agriculture (a term which encompasses farming) is the art, science or practice of producing food, feed, fiber and many other desired goods by the systematic raising of plants and animals. ...
Crop rotation is the practice of growing two (or more) dissimilar type of crops in the same space in sequence. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
The vassal knight occupied the lord's fortified dwelling known as the manor house (if there was such a structure existing). Larger-than-common fiefs were in the hands of a vassals-in-chief. Although a fief was usually a piece of land, it could also take the form of money or food called a knight's fee. Vassal in chief, or the more common term Tenant in Chief, denotes the high nobles who held their lands directly from the King (as opposed to holding them another nobleman or churchman). ...
Knights fee is a feudal term used in medieval England to describe the value of land. ...
Fief lands eventually gave way to the village concept towards the end of the medieval age. A village is a human residential settlement commonly found in rural areas. ...
The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ...
Another word for fief is a 'serf'
Equivalents elsewhere While many other cultures have known, or sometimes still know, a form of feudalism, the precise traditions vary, so the terms can at best be considered 'equivalent', never synonymous.
The following list is far from complete
In Japan, a fief is called "han." The Han ) were the fiefs of feudal clans of Japan that were created by Toyotomi Hideyoshi and existed until their abolition in 1871, three years after the Meiji Restoration. ...
In Persia, under the Qajar dynasty, a tuyuldar held a large fief. For other uses of this term see: Persia (disambiguation) The Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). ...
In feudal India, forms of fief included the jagir (land) and the mansab, but often the same was true for formally administrative/domanial (especially tax-collecting) 'estates' such as taluqa or thikana A Jagir is a small territory granted by a ruler to an army chieftain (called a sardar in Marathi language) in recognition of his military service. ...
Mansabdar was the generic term for the military -type grading of all imperial officials of the Mughal empire. ...
Thakore in an Indian feudal and colonial title in Hindi. ...
See also The system of appanage has greatly influenced the territorial construction of France and explains the flag of many provinces of France. ...
Knight-service, the dominant and distinctive tenure of land under the feudal system. ...
Sources and references (incomplete) - RoyalArk- see each present country
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