Ferdinando Fuga's façade of Santa Maria Maggiore, completed 1743, depicted by Giovanni Paolo Pannini

Ferdinando Fuga (Florence 1699– Rome 1781) was a Florentine architect, whose main works were realized in Rome and Naples. He began in Florence as a pupil of Giovanni Battista Foggini. In 1717 he moved to Rome, to continue his apprentice studies. His first important work was realized in Naples, in commissions for the richly decorated chapel in Palazzo Cellamare, in Via Chiaia, and its rusticated gate to the gardens with a scrolling pediment and a sculptured cartouche of arms, (1726—1727); Fuga's patron was Antonio Giudice, principe di Cellamare. He travelled to Palermo in 1729-30 in connection with a projected bridge over the Milicia. Saint Mary Major, in Italian, Santa Maria Maggiore, is one of the five great ancient basilicas of Rome, Italy. ... The interior of the Pantheon, Rome Giovanni Paolo Pannini or Panini (Piacenza, June 17, 1691 – Rome, October 21, 1765) was an Italian painter and architect. ... Founded 59 BC as Florentia Region Tuscany Mayor Leonardo Domenici (Democratici di Sinistra) Area  - City Proper  102 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density (city proper) 356,000 almost 500,000 3,453/km² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Latitude Longitude 43°47 N 11°15 E www. ... Events January 26 - Treaty of Karlowitz signed March 30 - the tenth Sikh Master, Guru Gobind Singh created the Khalsa. ... City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) Founded 21 April 753 BC mythical, 1st millennium BC Region Latium Area  - City Proper  1285 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density (city proper) 2,553,873 almost 4,300,000 1. ... 1781 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) Founded 21 April 753 BC mythical, 1st millennium BC Region Latium Area  - City Proper  1285 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density (city proper) 2,553,873 almost 4,300,000 1. ... Naples panorama Naples (Italian Napoli, Neapolitan Nàpule, from Greek Νέα Πόλις - Néa Pólis - meaning New City; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is the largest city in southern Italy and capital of Campania Region and the Province of Naples. ... Nickname: Palermu Motto: Official website: http://www. ...

After his return to Rome, he was nominated the architect of the pontifical palaces by his Florentine countryman Pope Clement XII Corsini, a position which Benedict XIV confirmed. Fuga's masterwork is the palazzo-like screening facade he erected in front of the early Christian basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore (1741-43; illustration, right). A similar project, as if it were a dry run for the greater project, is the facade he provided for Santa Cecilia in Trastevere. In both cases, care was taken not to mar the mosaics of the medieval fronts that still lie behind Fuga's screens, which provided a narthex for each ancient basilica. Clement XII, born as Lorenzo Corsini (Florence, April 7, 1652 – Rome, February 6, 1740), Pope from 1730 to 1740, had been an aristocratic lawyer and financial manager under preceding pontiffs. ... Benedict XIV, born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini (Bologna, March 31, 1675 – May 3, 1758 in Rome), was Pope from 17 August 1740 to 3 May 1758. ... St. ... Saint Mary Major, in Italian, Santa Maria Maggiore, is one of the five great ancient basilicas of Rome, Italy. ... Facade of Santa Cecilia, a 1725 project by Ferdinando Fuga, with the 12th century belltower. ... The narthex of a church is the entrance or lobby area. ...

His other major commissions at Rome were the Palazzo della Consulta (1732-35), where he also set in order the piazza on which it fronts (1737). The Palazzo della Consulta housed the tribunal termed the Consulta and the secretariat of the Brevi as well as two corps of papal guards. Fuga ordered the two-storey facade with a piano nobile whose windows have low arched heads set in fielded panels, over a ground floor with low mezzanine. On the lower storey the panels have channeled rustication and rusticated quoins at the corners. Pilasters are applied only to the central three-bay block, which barely projects, and to the corners. Kedleston Hall. ... Mezzanine may refer to: Mezzanine (architecture), an intermediate floor between main floors of a building In technology, a mezzanine can refer to a thin sheet of plastic insulating different parts of circuitry from each other in cramped environments, such as laptop interiors. ... Facade of the Palazzo del Te clearly showing rusticated stonework between the pilasters Rustication is an architectural term referring to the cutting of ashlar. ...

The little church of S. Maria dell’Orazione e Morte (1733-37) was a small project undertaken for the Compagna della buona morte whose role since 1538 had been to give decent burial to the unclaimed corpses of Rome. Fuga was himself a member of this confraternity which possessed its own coemeterium on the banks of the Tiber behind, lost to the nineteenth-century construction of the Lungotevere. The previous church of 1575 was demolished in 1733, and Fuga gave the new one an elliptical plan under an elliptical dome. On its crowded façade a triangular pediment encloses a segmental one, both cornices breaking forwards at the center and at the corners; pairs of columns fill the narrow recesses between the wide central bay and the corners, which are emphasized with stacked pilasters. Skulls wreathed with laurel serve as brackets for the pediment of the door. St Peters Basilica (topped with a lantern), Rome A dome is a common structural element of architecture that resembles the hollow upper half of a sphere. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ...

Various various transformations were effected for the relatives of the Corsini pope in the Palazzo Riario alla Lungara, which had been modified for Christina, queen of Sweden in the previous century but became now the Palazzo Corsini alla Lungara, purchased 27 July 1736 by Don Neri and Don Bartolomeo Corsini, for 70 thousand scudi from the duca Riario. After Christina's death in 1689, her sculpture gallery and her library were emptied. Fuga was called in to pull together the 15th and 16th-century amenagements for the Corsini brothers, works which took from 1736 to 1758 before all was finally completed. The Corsini retained Christina's bedroom just as she had left it, and the "urban" front in piazza Fiammetta had to be left untouched, but the weight of her library had produced cracks in the vaulting below it, and repairs to the existing structure were not finished until 1738 (Holste). Fuga worked on the garden front of the palazzo, beginning with work on the library wing for Neri Corsini. In 1751-53 he added an identical central block containing a theatrical divided staircase, lit with large windows that looked onto the garden parterres, which had been modified and brought up to date in 1741. Then the two were linked with a ground-floor portico. In the interiors, fuga managed in innovative ways to maintain a separation of the functional service circulation from the suites of parade rooms. Christina (Kristina) (December 8, 1626 – April 19, 1689), later known as Maria Christina Alexandra and sometimes Count Dohna, was Queen regnant of Sweden from 1632 to 1654. ... A parterre is a formal garden construction on a level surface consisting of planting beds, edged in stone or tightly clipped hedging and gravel paths arranged to form a pleasing pattern. ...

The church of San Apollinare (about 1748) was another commission. He completed the Palazzo del Quirinale and the adjoining building housing the Segretario delle Cifre and the extended new wing (the Manica Lunga). The Quirinal Palace once housed popes, and then kings, and now presidents The Quirinal Palace (known in Italian as the Quirinale) is the official residence of the President of the Italian Republic upon the Quirinal Hill, one of the seven hills of Rome. ...

In 1748, he was called to Naples in the team under Luigi Vanvitelli, for the new Bourbon King of Naples Carlo III, King of the Two Sicilies. Here Fuga worked as one of the court architects in renovations to the city of Naples, where the king and his progressive minister Bernardo Tanucci were changing the face of the city, opening new neighborhoods, driving new arterial avenues and promoting some social and economic modernizations in the backward kingdom. The immediate part of the urbanistic planning involved important construction of the colossal Albergo dei Poveri with a gray stucco front extending of 354 m,.. It was intended as a hospice to shelter 8,000 poor from all over the kingdom, (segregated by sex and age) but especially the "street people" of Naples, a project which was realized only in part. Fuga's final design, centered on a hexagonal church, devoted one courtyard to each of the intended social classes— men, women, boys and girls—each with their separate entrance. Construction was begun in July 1751. After the departure of Carlo for Spain, work slowed, and when it finally ceased, in 1819, three of Fuga's five courts were completed, as they may be seen today, damaged by the earthquake of 1980 and closed (Serafino). Naples panorama Naples (Italian Napoli, Neapolitan Nàpule, from Greek Νέα Πόλις - Néa Pólis - meaning New City; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is the largest city in southern Italy and capital of Campania Region and the Province of Naples. ... Luigi Vanvitelli (Naples, May 12, 1700 – March 1, 1773, Caserta), an engineer as well as the most prominent 18th-century Italian architect, practiced a sober classicizing academic Late Baroque style that made an easy transition to Neoclassicism. ... Charles III of Spain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... The Two Sicilies The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was the new name that the Bourbon King Ferdinand IV of Naples bestowed upon his domain (including Southern Italy and the island of Sicily) after the end of the Napoleonic Era and the full restoration of his power in 1816. ... Marchese Bernardo Tanucci (Stia, near Arezzo, Tuscany, February 20, 1698 - Naples, April 29, 1793) brought enlightened government to the backward Kingdom of the Two Sicilies for Charles III and his son Ferdinand IV. Born of a poor family, but educated, thanks to a patron, at the University of Pisa, Tanucci... Urbanism is the study and practice of creating humane communities for living, work, and play. ...

A second project with an enlightened social cast was the Cimitero delle 366 Fosse ("Cemetary of 366 trenches" one for each day of the year) not far from the Albergo, for which Fuga succeeded in obtaining assent from Ferdinand IV in 1762 (Serafino). This project systematized the daily burden of corpses of the poorest Neapolitans that were delivered to the Ospedale and buried in various modes around the outskirts of the city. the cemetary functioned until 1890. King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies (January 12, 1751 - January 4, 1825). ...

In a third vast public project, Fuga also designed the Granili (1779?), which were more than immense public granaries; they also contained a military arsenal and a ropewalk (since demolished). And a third Bourbon public venture was the ceramic manufactory adjoining the park of Caserta (1771-1772).

In Palermo once more, he was in charge of refittings in the interior of the Cathedral and work on its dome.

In Naples Fuga was called upon in 1768 to transform the grand reception room of the royal palace, disused siince the court had removed to Caserta into a court theatre. For private clients he constructed numerous palazzi, notably Palazzo Aquino di Caramanico and Palazzo Giordano, as well as villas for aristocratic patrons, The Villa Favorita at Resina, in a manner traditional in Italy, has one façade directly on the street, the other giving on to extensive gardens ^[1]. To his last work, the facade of the Chiesa dei Gerolamini (ca 1780), which belies its date, he remained essentially a fully Baroque architect.

The paving in colored marbles he designed in 1761 for the basilica of Santa Chiara no longer exists, but his Cappella dei Regi Depositi (1766) remains (Serafino)

Notes

1. ↑ The Villa Favorita was the residence in exile of the deposed Ismail Pasha Khedive of Egypt.

Ismail Pasha, known as Ismail the Magnificent (December 31, 1830–March 2, 1895) was khedive of Egypt from 1863 until he was removed at the behest of the British in 1879. ...

References

• Rosario Serafino, "Ferdinando Fuga ed il curioso cimitero delle "366 fosse" a Napoli"
• Final design for the Palazzo dellaConsultà, 1732
• "Chiesa di S. Maria dell'Orazione e Morte"
• Marc Cogan, Via Chiaia Palazzo Cellamare's pedimented doorway
• Riccardo Cigola, "Chiesa di S.Maria dell'Orazione e Morte"
• "Palazzo Corsini: la storia"
• Holste, Roma, Istituto Nazionale per la Grafica, F.N. 13835: Fuga design in connection with Palazzo Corsini alla Lungara] Details of the construction campaigns.
• Fuga's Villa La Favorita: Views in an album of photos of the Khedive and his family.

Further reading

• Alfonso Gambardella, curator. 2001. Ferdinando Fuga. 1699 - 1999 Roma, Napoli, Palermo Acts of a colloquium, Naples 1999.
• Paolo Giordano, 1997. Ferdinando Fuga a Napoli. (Naples:Edizioni Del Grifo)
• Francesco Lucarelli, 1999. La vita e la morte, dal Real Albergo dei Poveri al Cimitero della 366 Fosse. (Naples:Edizioni Del Grifo)