Fereydūn (فریدون), also pronounced Farīdūn, in medieval Persian Firēdūn, Middle Persian Frēdōn, and Avestan Θraētaona is the name of a mythical king and hero who is an emblem of victory, justice and generosity in the Persian literature. Avestan is an Eastern Old Iranian language that was used to compose the sacred hymns and canon of the Zoroastrian Avesta. ... Persian literature (in Persian: ‎ ) spans two and a half millennia, though much of the pre-Islamic material has been lost. ...

Etymology

All of the forms of the name shown above derive, by regular sound laws, from Proto-Iranian *Θraitaunah and Proto-Indo-Iranian *Traitaunas.

*Traitaunas is a derivative (with augmentative suffix -una/-auna) of *Tritas, the name of a deity or hero reflected in the Vedic Trita and the Avestan Θrita. Both names are identical to the adjective meaning "the third", a term used of a minor deity associated with two other deities to form a triad. In the Indian Vedas, Trita is associated with gods of thunder and wind. Trita is also called Āptya, a name that is probably cognate with Āθβiya, the name of Θraētaona's father in the Avesta. *Traitaunas may therefore be interpreted as "the great son of the deity Tritas". An augmentative is a suffix or prefix added to a word in order to convey the sense of a larger size. ... Trita the Third is a minor deity of the Rigveda, mentioned 41 times. ... The Vedas (Sanskrit: वेद) are a large corpus of texts originating in Ancient India. ...

Θraētaona in Zoroastrian literature

In the Avesta, Θraētaona is the son of Āθβiya, and so is called Āθβiyāni "from the family of Āθβiya". Originally he may have been recorded as the killer of the dragon Aži Dahāka, but in Middle Persian texts Dahāka/Dahāg is instead imprisoned on Mount Damāvand. Zahak, Zahhak, Zahak-e Tāzi or (Arab Zahak) also knwon as Bivar-Asp, which means [he who has] 10,000 horses in the Pahlavi (middle Persian) language, and Avestan Āži-Dahāk) is a mythical figure of ancient Persia (Iran). ... The Congregation mosque of Damavand, built in 1409CE, has traces of Sassanid architecture in it. ...

Fereydun in the Shāhnāma

According to Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh, Fereydun was the son of Ābtīn one of descendants of Jamshid. Fereydun together with Kaveh revolted against the tyrannical king “Zahhāk” and could defeat and arrest him in the Alborz Mountains. Afterwards Fereydun became the king and according to the myth, ruled the country for about 500 years. At the end of his life he allocated his kingdom to his three sons; Salm, Tur, and Iraj. Iraj was Fereydun’s youngest and favored son and inherited the best part of the kingdom namely Iran. Salm inherited Asia Minor ("Rūm", more generally meaning the Roman Empire, the Greco-Roman world, or just "the West") and Tur inherited Central Asia ("Tūrān", all the lands north and east of the Oxus, as far as China), respectively. This aroused Iraj’s brothers’ envy and encouraged them to murder him. After Iraj’s murder, Fereydun enthroned Iraj’s grandson, Manūchehr, before his decease. Manūchehr’s attempt to revenge his grand father’s murder initiates the Iranian-Turanian wars. Ferdowsi Tousi (فردوسی طوسی in Persian) (more commonly transliterated Firdausi, Ferdosi or Ferdusi) (935–1020) is considered to be one of the greatest Persian poets to have ever lived. ... Shâhnameh Shāhnāmé, or Shāhnāma (Persian: )(alternative spellings are Shahnama, Shahnameh, Shahname, Shah-Nama, etc. ... A character in Shahnama, Faridoons father Categories: Literature stubs ... Jamshid (in Persian: ‎) is a common Persian male first name. ... Statue of Kaveh in Isfahan My name is Kaveh, I am a Persian-American and live in San Diego. ... Zahak, Zahhak, Zahak-e Tāzi or (Arab Zahak) also knwon as Bivar-Asp, which means [he who has] 10,000 horses in the Pahlavi (middle Persian) language, and Avestan Āži-Dahāk) is a mythical figure of ancient Persia (Iran). ... Harā BÉ™rÉ™zaitÄ« is the name given in the Avestan language to a legendary mountain or mountain range around which the world is structured. ... Anatolia (Greek: ανατολη anatole, rising of the sun or East; compare Orient and Levant, by popular etymology Turkish Anadolu to ana mother and dolu filled), also called by the Latin name of Asia Minor, is a region of Southwest Asia which corresponds today to... Rûm, also Roum or Rhum (in Arabic الرُّومُ ar-RÅ«m, Turkish Rum), is a very indefinite term used at different times in the Muslim world for Europeans generally and for the Byzantine Empire in particular, for the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm in Asia Minor, and for Greeks inhabiting... Motto Senatus Populusque Romanus (SPQR) The Roman Empire at its greatest extent. ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ... For the ideology of uniting Ural Altaic peoples, see Turanism. ... The Amu Darya (in Persian آمودریا; Darya means river in Persian) rises in the Pamirs and flows mainly north-west through the Hindu Kush, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan to join the Aral Sea in a large river delta. ... ManÅ«chehr (in Persian: ), older Persian Manōčihr, Avestan Manuščiθra, is the name of the first of the legendary Shāhs who ruled Iran after the breakup of the world empire of ManÅ«chehrs great-grandfather, FereydÅ«n. ...

Zahak, Zahhak, Zahak-e Tāzi or (Arab Zahak) also knwon as Bivar-Asp, which means [he who has] 10,000 horses in the Pahlavi (middle Persian) language, and Avestan Āži-Dahāk) is a mythical figure of ancient Persia (Iran). ... Shâhnameh Shāhnāmé, or Shāhnāma (Persian: )(alternative spellings are Shahnama, Shahnameh, Shahname, Shah-Nama, etc. ... Keyumars (کیومرث), Arabic transliteration KayÅ«marṯ, older Persian Kayōmart, was the first Shāh of the world according to the poet FirdausÄ«s Shāhnāma. ... ManÅ«chehr (in Persian: ), older Persian Manōčihr, Avestan Manuščiθra, is the name of the first of the legendary Shāhs who ruled Iran after the breakup of the world empire of ManÅ«chehrs great-grandfather, FereydÅ«n. ... Persian literature (in Persian: ‎ ) spans two and a half millennia, though much of the pre-Islamic material has been lost. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Shâhnameh Shāhnāmé, or Shāhnāma (Persian: )(alternative spellings are Shahnama, Shahnameh, Shahname, Shah-Nama, etc. ... Ferdowsi Tousi (فردوسی طوسی in Persian) (more commonly transliterated Firdausi, Ferdosi or Ferdusi) (935–1020) is considered to be one of the greatest Persian poets to have ever lived. ... A character in Shahnama, Faridoons father Categories: Literature stubs ... Arash, the Archer (Persian: آرش کمانگیر) is a heroic archer of the Persian mythology. ... Afrasiab, near Samarkand, Uzbekistan is both a historical city and its legendary founder. ... Bijan is a very common Iranian 1st name in America, but not as common as in Iran, in Iran Bijan is not so commin. ... Esfandiar or Esfandyar (in Persian: ) is an Iranian legendary hero. ... Goodarz is a character in Shahnameh. ... Gordafarid is one of the heroines in Ferdowsis Shahnama. ... Hushang (in Persian: ), older Persian Hōšang, was the second Shāh to rule the world according to Ferdowsis Shāhnāma. ... Jamshid (in Persian: ‎) is a common Persian male first name. ... Statue of Kaveh in Isfahan My name is Kaveh, I am a Persian-American and live in San Diego. ... Kai Khosrow is a character in Persian epic book, Shahnameh. ... Keyumars (کیومرث), Arabic transliteration KayÅ«marṯ, older Persian Kayōmart, was the first Shāh of the world according to the poet FirdausÄ«s Shāhnāma. ... ManÅ«chehr (in Persian: ), older Persian Manōčihr, Avestan Manuščiθra, is the name of the first of the legendary Shāhs who ruled Iran after the breakup of the world empire of ManÅ«chehrs great-grandfather, FereydÅ«n. ... Bijan and Manijeh is a classical love story in the Persian literature epic of Shahnameh. ... Rakhsh (in Persian: meaning luminous) is the stallion of main protagonist Rostam in the Persian national epic, Shahnameh of Ferdowsi. ... Roham or (Rohum,Rohaam) ( رﻭهام in Persian, means the guardian ) is a hero in Ferdosis Shahnama, He is son of Goodarz ( گودرز in Persian ) who defeated Baarmaan( بارمان in Persian ) in the battle of Davazdahrokh ( دوازده رخ in Persian ). He is from the city of Ardebil. ... Rostam Slaying the Dragon- A miniature Painting by Master Mahmoud Farshchian. ... Rostam Farrōkhzād (رستم فرّخزاد in Persian) was the commander of the Sāsānian Empires armed forced under the reign of Yazdgird III, r. ... Rudaba or Roodabeh (رودابه in Persia) was Daughter of Mehrab Kaboli. ... Saam (سام) is a mythical hero of ancient Persia, and an important character in the Shahnameh epic. ... Shaghad was the brother of Rostam, the mighty Iranian hero of the Shahnameh, who killed Rostam by dropping him into a hole full of swords or other sharp things. ... Siāmak (Persian: ‎ , IPA: ), also transcribed as Siyamak, is a Persian given name, and a character (Kiumars son) in the Shahnameh. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Siavash. ... Sassanid silk twill textile of a Simorgh in a beaded surround, 6-7th c. ... Paletin faqiri CHC2D1 Mrs. ... Tahmineh is one of female characters of the epic of Shahnameh. ... Tahmuras or Tahmures (طهمورث), Arabic transliteration , older Persian Tahmurat, is the third Shāh of the world according to Ferdowsis Shāhnāma. ... ZÃ¥l (زال in Persian) was a mythical warrior of ancient Iran. ... Zahak, Zahhak, Zahak-e Tāzi or (Arab Zahak) also knwon as Bivar-Asp, which means [he who has] 10,000 horses in the Pahlavi (middle Persian) language, and Avestan Āži-Dahāk) is a mythical figure of ancient Persia (Iran). ... Here are the list of places represented/mentioned in the Persian epic poem Shāhnāma by Ferdowsi: This literature-related list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. ... Motto (official) Esteqlāl, āzādÄ«, jomhÅ«rÄ«-ye eslāmÄ« 1(Persian) Independence, freedom, Islamic Republic (national) Anthem SorÅ«d-e MellÄ«-e Īrān 2 Capital (and largest city) Tehran Official languages Persian Demonym Iranian Government Islamic Republic  -  Supreme Leader  -  President Establishment  -  Proto-Elamite Period 8000 BCE   -  Middle... Mazandaran (Persian: مازندران) is a province in northern Iran, bordering the Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea in the north. ... Samangan (Persian: سمنگان) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. ... For the ideology of uniting Ural Altaic peoples, see Turanism. ... Zabol (زابل) is a city in the province Sistan and Baluchistan, in Iran, on the border with both Afghanistan and Pakistan. ... For other places with the same name, see Kabul (disambiguation). ... Birjand (Persian: Storm city) is the capital of South Khorasan province (formerly a subprovince named Birjand or Quhestan, a part of Khorasan province) in the east Iran, known for its saffron, barberry, rug and handmade carpet exports. ...

See also

• Iranian literature
• Persian mythology

Persian literature (in Persian: ‎ ) spans two and a half millennia, though much of the pre-Islamic material has been lost. ... The beliefs and practices of the culturally and linguistically related group of ancient peoples who inhabited the Iranian Plateau and its borderlands, as well as areas of Central Asia from the Black Sea to Khotan (modern Ho-tien, China), form Persian mythology. ...

External links

• First Iranian Legendary Heroes and Heroines: A Research Note by Manouchehr Saadat Noury
• Encyclopedia Iranica article