A Fez

The Fez (also known as the Checheya or Tarboosh) is a red felt hat in the shape of a truncated cone; a black tassel hangs from the crown. The fez cap is of Greek origin^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]} and was worn by many different religious and ethnic groups in the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century. Its use has subsequently become less widespread. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... For other uses, see Hat (disambiguation). ... Religious is a term with both a technical definition and folk use. ... For other uses, see Ottoman (disambiguation). ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...

History

The Fez cap originated in Ancient Greece^[8] and was subsequently worn by the Medieval Byzantine Greeks.^[9][10] The Ottoman Turks adopted the Fez from the Greeks^[11][12][13] during their conquest of Byzantine Anatolia. During the reign of the Sultan Mahmud Khan II (1808-39), a European code of dress gradually replaced the traditional robes worn by members of the Ottoman court. The change in costume was soon emulated by the public and senior civil servants, followed by the members of the ruling intelligentsia and the emancipated classes throughout the Ottoman Empire. While European style coats and trousers were gradually adopted, this change did not extend to headwear. Peaked or broad brimmed headdresses such as the top hat did not meet the Islamic requirement that men should press their heads to the ground when praying. Accordingly the Sultan issued a firman (royal decree) that the checheya headgear in a modified form would become part of the formal attire of the Turkish Empire irrespective of his subjects' religious sects or milets. Ancient Greece is a period in Greek history that lasted for around nine hundred years. ... Byzantine Greeks or Byzantines, is a conventional term used by modern historians to refer to the medieval Greek or Hellenized citizens of the Byzantine Empire, centered mainly in Constantinople, southern Balkans, the Greek islands, the coasts of Asia Minor (modern Turkey) and the large urban centres of Near East and... The stylized signature of Mahmud II was written in an expressive calligraphy. ... For other uses, see Ottoman (disambiguation). ... The notion of an intellectual elite as a distinguished social stratum can be traced far back in history. ...

North African version of fez

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Versions

The fez or checheya had many names and shapes. In Istanbul it was called a fez, fezzi, or "phecy" while the modern Egyptian version was called a tarboosh, deriving from the Persian words 'sar' meaning head and 'poosh' meaning cover. It was basically a brimless, cone-shaped, flat-topped hat made of felt. The earliest variety was in the form of a bonnet-like headdress with a long turban wound around it which could be white, red or black. When it was adopted in Istanbul the bonnet was modified. At first it was rounded, then, some time later, lengthened and subsequently shortened. At some point the turban was eliminated, and red became the accepted colour. The fez gets its distinctive red hue from a dye collected from the bright red berries of the Turkish kızılcık (kizziljiek, Cornus mas) - a cousin to the common American dogwood (Cornus Florida). Istanbul (Turkish: , Greek: , historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see other names) is Turkeys most populous city, and its cultural and financial center. ... “Farsi” redirects here. ... A selection of 4 different felt cloths. ... A Sikh man wearing a turban The turban (from the Persian , dulband via the Turkish ) is a headdress consisting of a long scarf-like single piece of cloth wound round the head or an inner hat. ... Binomial name Cornus mas L. The European Cornel (Cornus mas) is a species of dogwood native to southern Europe and southwest Asia. ... Subgenera Cornus Benthamidia Swida The Dogwoods comprise a group of 30-50 species of deciduous woody plants (shrubs and trees) in the family Cornaceae, divided into one to nine genera or subgenera (depending on botanical interpretation). ...

The fez in military use

A version of the fez was used as an arming cap for the 1400-1700s version of the mail armor head protector (a round metal plate or skull-cap, around which hung a curtain of mail to protect the neck and upper shoulder. The fez, presumably padded, raised up the metal plate an inch or two to provide effective protection from heavy blows. The fez could be optionally wrapped with a turban.

The red fez with blue tassel was the standard headdress of the Turkish Army from the 1840s until the introduction of a khaki service dress and peakless sun helmet in 1910. The only significant exceptions were cavalry and some artillery units who wore a lambskin hat with coloured cloth tops. Albanian levies wore a white version of the fez. During World War I the fez was still worn by some naval reserve units and occasionally by soldiers when off duty. The Turkish Army (Turkish: Türk Kara Kuvvetleri) is a branch of the Turkish Armed Forces. ... Khaki is a common material in military uniforms Khaki is a type of fabric or the colour of such fabric. ... Pith helmet of Harry S. Truman The pith helmet (also known as the sun helmet, topee, solar topee, salacot or topi) is a lightweight helmet made of cork or pith, typically from the sola (Indian swamp growth) or a similar plant [1], with a cloth cover, designed to shade the... “The Great War ” redirects here. ...

The Evzones (light infantry) regiments of the Greek Army wore their own distinctive version of the fez from 1837 until World War II. It now survives in the parade uniform of the Presidential Guard in Athens. Greek Evzone soldiers marching in formation Evzones changing the guard at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier Greek Evzones changing guards at the tomb of the unknown soldier Evzones in Athens gaurding the grave of the Unknown Soldier. ... The Hellenic Army, (Greek: Ελληνικός Στράτος) is the land force of Greece (The Hellenic Republic). ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

From the late 19th century on the fez was widely adopted as the headdress of locally recruited "native" soldiers amongst the various colonial troops of the world. The French North African regiments (Zouaves, Tirailleurs, and Spahis) wore wide, red fezzes with detachable tassels of various colours. It was an off-duty affectation of the Zouaves to wear their fezzes at different angles according to the regiment; French officers of North African units during the 1930s often wore the same fez as their men, with rank insignia attached. The Libyan battalions and squadrons of the Italian colonial forces wore lower, red fezzes over white skull caps. Somali and Eritrean regiments in Italian service wore high red fezzes with coloured tufts that varied according to the unit. German askaris in East Africa wore their fezzes with khaki covers on nearly all occasions. The Belgian Force Publique in the Congo wore large and floppy red fezzes similar to those of the French Tirailleurs Senegalais and the Portuguese Companhias Indigenas. The British King's African Rifles (recruited in East Africa) wore high straight-sided fezzes in either red or black, while the West African Frontier Force wore a low red version. The Egyptian Army wore the classic Turkish model until 1950. The West India Regiment of the British Army wore a fez as part of its Zouave-style full dress until this unit was disbanded in 1928. The tradition is continued in the full dress of the band of the Barbados Regiment, with a white turban wrapped around the base. Colonial troops or colonial army refers to various military units usually used as garrison troops in various colonies. ... A zouave from 1888. ... Tirailleur means sharpshooter in French. ... Woodcut by Melchior Lorch (1646), originally engraved in 1576. ... Categories: Military stubs ... The Force Publique (FP) was the official armed force for what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 1885, (when the territory was known as the Congo Free State), through the period of direct Belgian rule (1908-60), until the beginning of the Second Republic in 1965. ... The Kings African Rifles (KAR) was a British colonial regiment in East Africa from 1902 until the independence of the various colonies in the 1960s. ... The West African Frontier Force (RWAFF) was a multi-battalion field force, formed by the British Colonial Office in 1900 to administer the regular colonial forces of West Africa. ... The Egyptian Army is the largest service within the Egyptian military establishment. ... The West India Regiment (WIR) was a British colonial infantry regiment. ... A zouave from 1888. ... The Barbados Regiment is the land force component of the Barbados Defence Force. ...

While the fez was a colourful and picturesque item of uniform it was in several ways an impractical headdress. If worn without a drab cover it made the head a target for enemy fire, and it provided little protection from the sun. As a result it was increasingly relegated to parade or off-duty wear by World War II, although France's West African tirailleurs continued to wear a khaki-covered version in the field until about 1943. During the final period of colonial rule in Africa (approximately 1945 to 1962) the fez was seen only as a full-dress item in French, British, Belgium, Spanish and Portugese African units; being replaced by wide-brimmed hats or forage caps on other occasions. Colonial police forces, however, usually retained the fez as normal duty wear for indigenous personnel.

Post-colonial armies in Africa quickly discarded the fez. It is, however, still worn by the ceremonial Gardes Rouge in Senegal as part of their Spahi-style uniform, and by the Italian Bersaglieri in certain orders of dress. The Bersaglieri adopted the fez as an informal headdress through the influence of the French Zouaves, with whom they served in the Crimean War. The Spanish Regulares (formerly Moorish) Tabors stationed in the Moroccan enclaves of Céuta and Melilla retain a parade uniform which includes the fez and white cloaks. Filipino units organised in the early days of U.S. rule briefly wore black fezzes. The Liberian Frontier Force, although not a colonial force, wore fezzes until the 1940s. Spahis (also spelled as Sipahis, Sepahis or Spakh, in Turkish sipahi) were an elite mounted force within the Six Divisions of Cavalry of the Ottoman Empire. ... The Bersaglieri are a corps of the Italian army created by General Alessandro Lamarmora in 1836. ... A zouave from 1888. ... Combatants Allies: Second French Empire British Empire Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Sardinia Russian Empire Bulgarian volunteers Casualties 90,000 French 35,000 Turkish 17,500 British 2,194 Sardinian killed, wounded and died of disease ~134,000 killed, wounded and died of disease The Crimean War (1853–1856) was fought... Regulares (Spanish for Regulars, officially called the Fuerzas Regulares Indígenas) was the name commonly used to designate the volunteer infantry and cavalry units of the Spanish Army recruited in Spanish Morocco. ... Capital Official language(s) Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked  20 km²   Population  â€“ Total (2006)  â€“ % of Spain  â€“ Density Ranked  66,871    3,343. ...

The 13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar, which was recruited from Bosnian Moslems, used the fez. Bosnian Muslim infantry regiments in the former Austro-Hungarian Empire had also been distinguished by wearing the fez until the end of World War I. Emblem of the Handschar division Kroatische-SS-Freiwilligen-Division Kroatische SS-Freiwilligen-Gebirgs-Division 13. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ...

Two regiments of the Indian Army recruited from Muslim areas wore fezzes under British rule (although the turban was the nearly-universal headdress amongst Hindu and Muslim sepoys and sowars). A green fez was worn by the Bahawalpur Lancers of Pakistan as late as the 1960s.

Many volunteer Zouave regiments wore the French North African version of the fez during the American Civil War. Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total...

The fez around the world

A Malay Chior Competition with Men wearing the Fez

An old-fashioned Hyderabadi Muslim gentleman wearing an everyday sherwani and fez hat

Among Muslims of South Asia, the fez is known as the Rumi Topi ("Roman cap"). It was a symbol of Islamic identity and showed the Indian Muslims support for the Khilafat (Caliphate), headed by the Ottoman Emperor. Later, it became associated with the Muslim League, the political party which eventually created the country of Pakistan. The late veteran Pakistani politician Nawabzada Nasrullah Khan was one of the few people in Pakistan who wore the fez until his death in 2003. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1000x515, 469 KB) A Malay Choir performs at a competition in the Good Hope Centre, Cape Town (South Africa), 2001. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1000x515, 469 KB) A Malay Choir performs at a competition in the Good Hope Centre, Cape Town (South Africa), 2001. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Sherwani. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Sherwani. ... Makkah masjid on the last Friday of the Muslim holy month of Ramadan Muslims praying by the historic Charminar after filling the Makkah Masjid, congregations of more than two hundred thousand pray on special occasions there. ... An old-fashioned Hyderabadi gentleman wearing a formal Sherwani and Fez hat, that is designed by a designer in Lahore, Pakistan Sherwani (Urdu: شیروانی ) is a long coat-like garment worn in South Asia, very similar to an Achkan or doublet. ... Map of South Asia (see note on Kashmir). ... Islam (Arabic: ; ( ▶ (help· info)), the submission to God) is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions and the worlds second-largest religion. ... Islam in India is the second-most practiced religion after Hinduism. ... The Khilafat Movement (1919-1924) was a movement amongst the Muslims of British India (the largest single Muslim community in one geo-political entity at the time) to ensure that the British, victors of World War I, kept a promise made at the Versailles. ... The All India Muslim League (Urdu: مسلم لیگ), founded at Dhaka in 1906, was a political party in British India that developped into the driving force behind the creation of Pakistan as a Muslim state from British India on the Indian subcontinent. ... Nawabzada Nasrullah Khan One of Pakistans elder political statesmen, Nawabzada Nasrullah Khan, was the Central leader of the opposition Alliance for Restoration of Democracy (ARD), Mr Khans political career spanned over half a century. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In Indonesia, a country with the biggest Muslim population in the world, fez is a part of the local culture itself. Fez is called "Peci" in Bahasa Indonesia The Peci is black in colour with a more ellipse shape and sometimes decorated with embroideries. The peci is used in various ceremonies mostly religious and also in formal occasions by government officials. A peci is an Indonesian cap, with nationalist connotations, made popular by Sukarno. ... Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia) is the official language of Indonesia and a remarkable language in several ways. ...

Following the foundation of Turkey after World War I, Mustafa Kemal regarded the fez - which Sultan Mahmud II had originally introduced to the Ottoman Empire's dress code in 1826 - as a symbol of feudalism. The fez ("Fes" in Turkish) was banned in 1925, and Turkish men were encouraged to wear European attire - thus, hats such as the fedora became popular. “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–10 November 1938), until 1934 Gazi Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Turkish army officer and revolutionist statesman, was the founder and the first President of the Republic of Turkey. ... The stylized signature of Mahmud II was written in an expressive calligraphy. ... Roland pledges his fealty to Charlemagne; from a manuscript of a chanson de geste. ... A fedora, which in this case has been pinched at the front and being worn pushed back on the head, with the front of the brim bent down over the eyes. ...

The fez was introduced into the Balkans initially during the Byzantine reign, and subsequently during the Ottoman period where various Slavs, including Serbs and today's Bosniaks, started using the fez. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... “Byzantine” redirects here. ... The Slavic peoples are the most numerous ethnic and linguistic body of peoples in Europe. ... Languages Serbian Religions Predominantly Serbian Orthodox Christian Related ethnic groups Other Slavic peoples, especially South Slavs See Cognate peoples below (* many Serbs opted for Yugoslav ethnicity) [28] Serbs (Serbian: Срби or Srbi) are a South Slavic people who live mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in... Languages Bosnian Religions Predominantly Islam Related ethnic groups Slavs (South Slavs) The Bosniaks or Bosniacs[1] (Bosnian: Bošnjaci, IPA: ) are a South Slavic people, living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnia) and the Sandžak region of Serbia and Montenegro, with a smaller autochthonous population also present in Croatia...

A variation of black soft fez was used by Italian blackshirts under the Fascist regime. This was in imitation of the red soft fez still worn used by bersaglieri units. The Blackshirts (Italian: camicie nere or squadristi) were Fascist paramilitary groups in Italy during the period immediately following World War I and until the end of World War II. The term was later applied to a similar group serving the British Union of Fascists before the War. ... Fascism (in Italian, fascismo), capitalized, was the authoritarian political movement which ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943 under the leadership of Benito Mussolini. ... The Bersaglieri are a corps of the Italian army created by General Alessandro Lamarmora in 1836. ...

In tourist hotels in Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco, porters and bellhops often wear a fez to provide local colour for visitors. They are however almost never worn in Turkey (see above). Look up Porter in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A bellhop (also bellboy or bellman) is a hotel porter, who helps patrons with their luggage while checking in or out. ...

The Fez in Western Popular Culture

In the Western world, the fez occasionally serves as a symbol of relaxation. In cartoons, characters are shown wearing a fez often while lying in a hammock on vacation or just relaxing after a hard day of work. This curious imagery may be a throwback to the late 19th century English practice of men wearing a loose fitting smoking jacket and braided fez-like headdress when relaxing informally in the evenings. Punch cartoons of the period 1875-90 frequently portray middle-class male figures dressed in this fashion. A dark green velvet smoking jacket A smoking jacket is an item of clothing, now relatively rare, specifically designed for the purposes of smoking tobacco, usually in the form of pipes and cigars. ... Punch was a British weekly magazine of humour and satire published from 1841 to 1992 and from 1996 to 2002. ...

The character of Mr Fairbrother, in the BBC comedy "Hi-De-Hi", once commented that "There's something about a fez that makes one look slightly degenerate". More recent examples are seen in the Tom and Jerry (MGM) and The Ren and Stimpy Show all featuring fezzes. Norm the Genie from the Fairly Oddparents wears a fez. Morocco Mole, the assistant to Hanna-Barbara cartoon character Secret Squirrel, was also known to wear a fez. The British Broadcasting Corporation, which is usually known as the BBC, is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world in terms of audience numbers, employing 26,000 staff in the United Kingdom alone and with a budget of more than GB£4 billion. ... Hi-De-Hi! was the name of a popular situation comedy which ran on BBC1 between 1980 and 1988 and was written by Jimmy Perry and David Croft. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Ren and Stimpy Show is an American animated television series created by Canadian animator John Kricfalusi. ... Morocco Mole is a character from the Secret Squirrel television cartoon series. ... Cartoon Network Studios, formerly known as Hanna-Barbera Cartoons, Inc. ... For other uses, see Secret Squirrel (disambiguation). ...

The Shriners, and British comic Tommy Cooper are notable for wearing fezzes. The Steely Dan album, The Royal Scam, features a song entitled "The Fez" in which the hat is a metaphor for a condom. The refrain is: "Never gonna do it without the fez on." The Ron and Fez show on XM Satellite Radio features Fez Whatley who once wore a Fez hat, thus gaining his nickname. The Shriners, A.A.O.N.M.S. or Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, established in New York City in 1870, is an appendant body to Freemasonry. ... Tommy Cooper in his comedy show (VHS) The Plank (DVD cover) Tommy Cooper (March 19, 1921 – April 15, 1984) was a Welsh prop comedian and magician born in Caerphilly, Wales. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Royal Scam is an album by jazz rock group Steely Dan, originally released in 1976. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... “XM” redirects here. ... Fez Whatley during the 2006 Opie and Anthony Homeless Shopping Spree. ...

In Matt Groening's comic strip Life In Hell, the twin brothers/lovers/both Akbar and Jeff both wear fezzes. Matthew Abram Groening (born February 15, 1954[2] in Portland, Oregon;[1] his family name is pronounced , rhymes with raining) is an Emmy Award-winning American cartoonist and the creator of The Simpsons, Futurama and the weekly comic strip Life in Hell. ... Life in Hell is a weekly comic strip by Matt Groening. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Life in Hell. ...

They Might Be Giants had fezzes of different (color?) sold at concerts in the 1990s.

In the syndicated comic strip Our Boarding House, major Hoople wears a fez. Our Boarding House (December 31, 1931) Our Boarding House was a gag panel launched September 16. ...

The character of Rocky Roccoco, played by Phil Proctor of the Firesign Theatre, is often pictured wearing a fez. Left to right: Phil Proctor, Peter Bergman, Phil Austin, and David Ossman in 2001 The Firesign Theatre is a comedy troupe consisting of Phil Austin, Peter Bergman, David Ossman, and Philip Proctor. ... Philip Proctor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... The Firesign Theatre are a comedy troupe consisting of Phil Austin, Peter Bergman, David Ossman, and Philip Proctor. ...

Ren, in the cartoon Ren and Stimpy, wears a fez and robe while smoking his pipe and reading his newspaper. Ren can refer to: MC Ren, rapper from the group NWA Ren Zhengfei, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Huawei Technologies Co. ... Ren and Stimpy are the eponymous characters of two cartoon television series created by Canadian animator John Kricfalusi. ...

In certain episodes of Rugrats, Grandpa is seen wearing a fez while meeting with his "senior citizen" brotherhood group. A rugrat may also be a pejorative term for a toddler. ...

In his comic-strip religious tract against Freemasonry, Jack Chick records a story that the original fez was red as it was dyed in the blood of murdered Christians. There is no truth in this story.^{[citation needed]} “Freemasons” redirects here. ... Jimmy Akins rendition of Jack Chick. ... This article is about the religous people known as Christians. ...

Notes

Steely Dan's The Royal Scam, track number five, is named "The Fez." With scant lyrics, the most repeated line is "No, I'm never gonna do it without the fez on..."

See also

• Peci - a similar cap worn mainly in Indonesia
• Turban
• Keffiyeh