Ficus
Ficus sycomorus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Rosales Family: Moraceae Genus: Ficus L.
Species
see text The Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG) or International Federation of Gymnastics (IFG) is the governing body of competitive gymnastics. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 482 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1486 × 1848 pixel, file size: 900 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Ficus Metadata This file contains additional... Binomial name Ficus sycomorus L. Ficus sycomorus, commonly called Fig-mulberry (due to the leaves resemblance to those of the Mulberry), sycamore, or sycomore, is a fig species that has been cultivated since early times. ... For other uses, see Scientific classification (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Plant (disambiguation). ... Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of land plants. ... Magnoliopsida is the botanical name for a class of flowering plants. ... Families Barbeyaceae Cannabaceae (hemp family) Dirachmaceae Elaeagnaceae Moraceae (mulberry family) Rosaceae (rose family) Rhamnaceae (buckthorn family) Ulmaceae (elm family) Urticaceae (nettle family) For the Philippine municipality, see Rosales, Pangasinan. ... Genera Antiaris Artocarpus - Breadfruit, Jackfruit Brosimum Broussonetia - Paper Mulberry Castilloa Cecropia Chlorophora Dorstenia Ficus - Fig, Banyan Maclura - Osage-orange Morus - Mulberry Musanga Pseudolmedia Streblus Treculia The flowering plant family Moraceae (Mulberry family) comprises some 40 genera and over 1000 species of plants widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, less common... Carl Linnaeus, Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as  , (May 13, 1707[1] – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist[2] who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. ...

Ficus is a genus of about 800 species of woody trees, shrubs and vines in the family Moraceae, native throughout the tropics with a few species extending into the warm temperate zone. The most well known species in the genus is the Common Fig. Lactose is a disaccharide found in milk. ... Dietary fibers are the indigestible portion of plant foods that move food through the digestive system, absorbing water and making defecation easier. ... In chemistry, especially biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid often with a long unbranched aliphatic tail (chain), which is either saturated or unsaturated. ... A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ... Reference Daily Intake (RDI) is the daily dietary intake level of a nutrient considered sufficient to meet the requirements of nearly all (97–98%) healthy individuals in each life-stage and gender group. ... Lactose is a disaccharide found in milk. ... Dietary fibers are the indigestible portion of plant foods that move food through the digestive system, absorbing water and making defecation easier. ... In chemistry, especially biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid often with a long unbranched aliphatic tail (chain), which is either saturated or unsaturated. ... A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ... Reference Daily Intake (RDI) is the daily dietary intake level of a nutrient considered sufficient to meet the requirements of nearly all (97–98%) healthy individuals in each life-stage and gender group. ... For other uses, see Genus (disambiguation). ... The coniferous Coast Redwood, the tallest tree species on earth. ... A broom shrub in flower A shrub or bush is a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category of woody plant, distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height, usually less than 6 m tall. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Genera Antiaris Artocarpus - Breadfruit, Jackfruit Brosimum Broussonetia - Paper Mulberry Castilloa Cecropia Chlorophora Dorstenia Ficus - Fig, Banyan Maclura - Osage-orange Morus - Mulberry Musanga Pseudolmedia Streblus Treculia The flowering plant family Moraceae (Mulberry family) comprises some 40 genera and over 1000 species of plants widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, less common... A noontime scene from the Philippines on a day when the Sun is almost directly overhead. ... For the usage in virology, see temperate (virology). ... Binomial name Ficus carica L. The Common Fig (Ficus carica) is a large shrub or small tree native to southwest Asia and the eastern Mediterranean region (Greece east to Afghanistan). ...

Leaves of the Sacred Fig Ficus religiosa

One species of this genus, the Common Fig (F. carica), produces a commercial fruit called a fig; the fruit of many other species are edible though not widely consumed. Other examples of figs include the banyans and the Sacred Fig (Peepul or Bo) tree. Most species are evergreen, while some from temperate areas, and areas with a long dry season, are deciduous. Download high resolution version (915x750, 238 KB)Leaves and trunk of Bo tree growing at Schofield Barracks in central Oahu, Hawaiian Islands taken by Eric Guinther and donated to Wikipedua under GNU. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this... Download high resolution version (915x750, 238 KB)Leaves and trunk of Bo tree growing at Schofield Barracks in central Oahu, Hawaiian Islands taken by Eric Guinther and donated to Wikipedua under GNU. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this... Binomial name Ficus carica L. The Common Fig (Ficus carica) is a large shrub or small tree native to southwest Asia and the eastern Mediterranean region (Greece east to Afghanistan). ... For other uses, see Fruit (disambiguation). ... Species Many; see text for examples Banyan (genus Ficus, subgenus Urostigma) is a subgenus of many species of tropical figs with an unusual growth habit. ... Binomial name Ficus religiosa L. The Sacred Fig Ficus religiosa, also known as Bo (from the Sinhalese Bo), Pipal (Peepul) or Ashwattha tree, is a species of banyan fig native to India, southwest China and Indochina east to Vietnam. ... ‹ The template below (Expand) is being considered for deletion. ... Deciduous forest after leaf fall Like many deciduous plants, Forsythia flowers during the leafless season For other uses, see Deciduous (disambiguation). ...

Fruit and pollination

The fig is commonly thought of as fruit, but it is properly the flower of the fig tree. It is in fact a false fruit or multiple fruit, in which the flowers and seeds grow together to form a single mass.

The syconium of the Fig tree.

The genus Dorstenia, also in the fig family (Moraceae), exhibits similar tiny flowers arranged on a receptacle but in this case the receptacle is a more or less flat, open surface. Download high resolution version (1280x996, 301 KB)Clouds Taken by User:Fir0002 File links The following pages link to this file: Fig Categories: GFDL images ... Download high resolution version (1280x996, 301 KB)Clouds Taken by User:Fir0002 File links The following pages link to this file: Fig Categories: GFDL images ...

A fig "fruit" is derived from a specially adapted type of inflorescence (structural arrangement of flowers). What is commonly called the "fruit" of a fig is actually a specialized structure- or accessory fruit- called a syconium: an involuted (nearly closed) receptacle with many small flowers arranged on the inner surface. Thus the actual flowers of the fig are unseen unless the fig is cut open. In Chinese the fig is called 'fruit without flower'. The syconium often has a bulbous shape with a small opening (the ostiole) at the distal end that allows access by pollinators. The flowers are pollinated by very small wasps that crawl through the opening in search of a suitable place to reproduce (lay eggs). Without this pollinator service fig trees cannot reproduce by seed. In turn, the flowers provide a safe haven and nourishment for the next generation of wasps. Technically, a fig fruit would be one of many mature, seed-bearing flowers found inside one fig.

Most figs come in two sexes: hermaphrodite (called caprifigs from goats - Caprinae subfamily; as in fit for eating by goats; sometimes called "inedible") and female (the male flower parts fail to develop; produces the "edible" fig). Fig wasps grow in caprifigs but not in the other because the female trees' female flower part is too long for the wasp to successfully lay her eggs in them. Nonetheless, the wasp pollinates the flower with pollen from the fig it grew up in, so figs with developed seeds also contain dead fig wasps almost too tiny to see. Genera Capricornis Nemorhaedus Rupicapra Oreamnos Budorcas Ovibos Hemitragus Ammotragus Pseudois Capra Ovis Pantholops A goat antelope is any of the species of mostly medium-sized herbivores that make up the subfamily Caprinae or the single species in subfamily Panthalopinae. ... Subfamilies Agaoninae Epichrysomallinae Otitesellinae Sycoecinae Sycophaginae Sycoryctinae Fig wasps are wasps of the family Agaonidae which pollinate figs or are otherwise associated with figs. ...

When a caprifig ripens, another caprifig must be ready to be pollinated. In temperate climes, wasps hibernate in figs, and there are distinct crops. Caprifigs have three crops per year; edible figs have two. The first of the two is small and is called breba; the breba figs are olynths. Some selections of edible figs do not require pollination at all, and will produce a crop of figs (albeit without fertile seeds) in the absence of caprifigs or fig wasps.

There is typically only one species of wasp capable of fertilizing the flowers of each species of fig, and therefore plantings of fig species outside of their native range results in effectively sterile individuals. For example, in Hawaii, some 60 species of figs have been introduced, but only four of the wasps that fertilize them have been introduced, so only four species of figs produce viable seeds there.

Varieties

Alma -

celeste -

Brown Turkey -

Italian black -

Italian white -

Kadota - Used in Newtons, dries well.

Lemon Fig - Native to South Carolina.

Mission- (black )sweet commonly dried.

Historical significance

In June 2006, it was reported that figs dating back 11,400 years were discovered at Gilgal I, a village in the Lower Jordan Valley, just 8 miles north of ancient Jericho.^{[citation needed]} There is evidence that figs were among the first cultivated crop, because they were of a mutation which could not reproduce normally. It is proposed that they may have been planted and cultivated intentionally, one thousand years before the next crops were domesticated (wheat and rye). Northern part of the Great Rift Valley as seen from space (NASA) The Jordan River The Jordan River (Hebrew: נהר הירדן nehar hayarden, Arabic: نهر الأردن nahr al-urdun) is a river in Southwest Asia flowing through the Great Rift Valley into the Dead Sea. ... The Taking of Jericho, by Jean Fouquet Near central Jericho, November 1996 Jericho (Arabic  , Hebrew  , ʼArīḥā; Standard YÉ™riḥo Tiberian YÉ™rîḫô / YÉ™rîḥô; meaning fragrant.[1] Greek Ἱεριχώ) is a town in Palestine, located within the Jericho Governorate, near the Jordan River. ... Tillage (American English), or cultivation (UK) is the agricultural preparation of the soil to receive seeds. ... It has been suggested that mutant be merged into this article or section. ... Species T. aestivum T. boeoticum T. dicoccoides T. dicoccon T. durum T. monococcum T. spelta T. sphaerococcum T. timopheevii References:   ITIS 42236 2002-09-22 Wheat Wheat For the indie rock group, see Wheat (band). ... Binomial name Secale cereale M.Bieb. ...

The phallic shape of the young fig is referred to in Song of Songs chapter 2 verse 13. The fig tree is sacred to Dionysus Sukites (Συκίτης). Song of Solomon is also the title of a novel by Toni Morrison. ... This article is about the ancient deity. ...

Figs were also a common foodsource for the Romans. Cato the Elder, in his De Agri Cultura, lists several strains of figs grown at the time he wrote his handbook: the Mariscan, African, Herculanean, Saguntine, and the black Tellanian (De agri cultura, ch. 8). Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. ... Marcus Porcius Cato (Latin: M·PORCIVS·M·F·CATO[1]) (234 BC, Tusculum–149 BC) was a Roman statesman, surnamed the Censor (Censorius), Sapiens, Priscus, or the Elder (Major), to distinguish him from Cato the Younger (his great-grandson). ... De Agri Cultura (On Farming or On Agriculture), written around 150 BC by Cato the Elder, is the first surviving work of Latin prose. ...

Figs and health

Dried figs

Figs are good source of flavonoids and polyphenols^[1]. Figs and other dried fruit were measured for their antioxidant content. A 40 gram portion of dried figs (two medium size figs) produced significant increase in plasma antioxidant capacity ^[2]. Figs also have higher quantities of fiber than any other dried or fresh fruit, and are very high in calcium. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1280 × 960 pixel, file size: 558 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Dried Figs. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1280 × 960 pixel, file size: 558 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Dried Figs. ... Molecular structure of flavone The term flavonoid refers to a class of plant secondary metabolites based around a phenylbenzopyrone structure. ... Polyphenols are a group of chemical substances found in plants, characterized by the presence of more than one phenol group per molecule. ... Dried fruit is fruit that has been dried, either naturally or through use of a machine, such as a dehydrator. ... Space-filling model of the antioxidant metabolite glutathione. ...

Taxonomy

The genus ficus contains about 800 species, including:
Ficus albipila - Abbey Tree or tandiran
Ficus altissima
Ficus americana
Ficus aurea
Ficus benghalensis - Indian Banyan
Ficus benjamina - Weeping Fig
Ficus broadwayi
Ficus carica - Common Fig
Ficus citrifolia - Strangler Fig
Ficus coronata
Ficus drupacea
Ficus elastica
Ficus erecta
Ficus glaberrima
Ficus godeffroyi
Ficus grenadensis
Ficus hartii
Ficus hispita L.
Ficus laevigata - Jamaican cherry
Ficus lyrata
Ficus macbrideii
Ficus macrophylla - Moreton Bay Fig
Ficus microcarpa - Chinese Banyan
Ficus nota
Ficus obtusifolia
Ficus palmata
Ficus palmeri - Rock Fig
Ficus prolixa
Ficus pumila
Ficus racemosa
Ficus religiosa - Sacred Fig
Ficus rubiginosa - Port Jackson Fig
Ficus rumphii - Rumpf's Fig
Ficus stahlii
Ficus sycomorus
Ficus thonningii
Ficus tinctoria
Ficus tobagensis
Ficus triangularis
Ficus trigonata
Ficus ulmifolia
Ficus variegata Bl. var. chlorocarpa King
Ficus virens
Ficus vogelii
Ficus wassa This article is about the tree. ... Binomial name L. The Weeping Fig or Benjamins Fig (Ficus benjamina, Ficus benjamini) is a species of fig tree, native to south and southeast Asia south to northern Australia. ... Binomial name Urban. ... Binomial name Ficus carica L. The Common Fig (Ficus carica) is a large shrub or small tree native to southwest Asia and the eastern Mediterranean region (Greece east to Afghanistan). ... Binomial name Hort. ... hi Strangler Figs are species of fig that begin their lives as epiphytes as their seed lodge in the cracks and crevices of the bark of a host tree. ... Binomial name Ficus elastica Roxb. ... Binomial name Warb. ... Binomial name Ficus macrophylla Desf. ... This article is about the tree. ... Ficus nota or tibig is a species of fig. ... Binomial name Ficus pumila L. Dwarf Creeping Fig (Ficus pumila) is a vine that is native to East Asia. ... Binomial name Ficus religiosa L. The Sacred Fig Ficus religiosa, also known as Bo (from the Sinhalese Bo), Pipal (Peepul) or Ashwattha tree, is a species of banyan fig native to India, southwest China and Indochina east to Vietnam. ... Binomial name Ficus rubiginosa Desf. ... Binomial name Ficus sycomorus L. Ficus sycomorus, commonly called Fig-mulberry (due to the leaves resemblance to those of the Mulberry), sycamore, or sycomore, is a fig species that has been cultivated since early times. ... Binomial name Blume Synonyms Vahl. ... Ficus tinctoria, the Dye Fig Member of the family Moraceae (the fig family) A small, medium sized tree. ... Binomial name L. Ficus trigonata is a species of plant in the Moraceae family. ... Binomial name Lam. ... Fruit of Ficus virens Ficus virens, like all figs, is edible. ...

See also

• List of fruits
• Moreton Bay Fig
• Fig Newton
• Miracles of Jesus – the Cursing of The Fig Tree

Here are lists of fruits considered edible in some cuisine. ... Binomial name Ficus macrophylla Desf. ... A plastic tray of Fig Newtons The Fig Newton is a brand of fig bar (in Europe, fig roll), a soft, cake-like pastry filled with fig jam. ... According to the canonical Gospels, Jesus worked many miracles in the course of his ministry. ... For the plant species, see Ficus. ...

References

External links

• Figweb Major reference site for the genus Ficus
• Video: Interaction of figs and fig wasps Multi-award-winning documentary
• Fruits of Warm Climates: Fig
• California Rare Fruit Growers: Fig Fruit Facts
• North American Fruit Explorers: Fig
• BBC: Fig fossil clue to early farming

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