Fidel V. Ramos
12th President of the Philippines 2nd President of the 5th Republic
In office June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1998
Vice President(s)	Joseph Estrada
Preceded by	Corazon Aquino
Succeeded by	Joseph Estrada
Born	March 18, 1928 Lingayen, Pangasinan
Political party	Lakas-Christian Muslim Democrats
Spouse	Amelita Martinez
Religion	United Methodist
Signature

Fidel Valdez Ramos (born March 18, 1928) was the 12th President of the Philippines. He succeeded Corazon Aquino and governed until 1998, when he was succeeded by Joseph Estrada. He was the first and only (to date) non-Roman Catholic president. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (753x982, 198 KB)President Ramos at The Pentagon. ... The President of the Philippines is the head of state and government of the Republic of the Philippines. ... June 30 is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 184 days remaining. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... June 30 is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 184 days remaining. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ... Joseph Ejercito Estrada (born José Marcelo Ejército on April 19, 1937) widely known as Erap is a popular film actor in the Philippines and was the 13th President of the Philippines from June 30, 1998 to January 20, 2001. ... Maria Corazon Sumulong Cojuangco Aquino (born January 25, 1933), widely known as Cory Aquino, was President of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992. ... Joseph Ejercito Estrada (born José Marcelo Ejército on April 19, 1937) widely known as Erap is a popular film actor in the Philippines and was the 13th President of the Philippines from June 30, 1998 to January 20, 2001. ... March 18 is the 77th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (78th in leap years). ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... Lingayen is a 1st class municipality in the province of Pangasinan on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. ... Pangasinan, officially Province of Pangasinan (Pangasinan: Luyag na Pangasinan), is one of the provinces of the Republic of the Philippines. ... LAKAS is the ruling political party of the Philippines. ... Amelita Ming Ramos is the wife Fidel V. Ramos, President of the Republic of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998. ... The United Methodist Church is the largest Methodist denomination, and the second-largest Protestant one, in the United States. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1158x383, 30 KB)From a public document. ... March 18 is the 77th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (78th in leap years). ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... The President of the Philippines is the head of state and government of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Maria Corazon Sumulong Cojuangco Aquino (born January 25, 1933), widely known as Cory Aquino, was President of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992. ... Joseph Ejercito Estrada (born José Marcelo Ejército on April 19, 1937) widely known as Erap is a popular film actor in the Philippines and was the 13th President of the Philippines from June 30, 1998 to January 20, 2001. ... The Roman Catholic Church or Catholic Church (see terminology below) is the Christian Church in full communion with the Bishop of Rome, currently Pope Benedict XVI. It traces its origins to the original Christian community founded by Jesus Christ and led by the Twelve Apostles, in particular Saint Peter. ...

During the authoritarian regime of President Ferdinand Marcos, Ramos was head of the Philippine Constabulary, implementing Marcos' declaration of martial law. In the 1986 People Power Revolution, Ramos defected from the government and was a key figure in the civilian demonstrations that forced Marcos into exile. The term authoritarian is used to describe an organization or a state which enforces strong and sometimes oppressive measures against the population, generally without attempts at gaining the consent of the population. ... Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralín Marcos (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was the tenth president of the Philippines, serving from 1965 to 1986. ... The EDSA Revolution, also referred to as the People Power Revolution and the Philippine Revolution of 1986, was a mostly nonviolent mass demonstration in the Philippines. ...

The first half of Ramos' six-year term as President was characterized by rapid economic growth and political stability in the country despite facing communist insurgencies, an Islamic separatist movement in Mindanao, and the onslaught of the 1997 Asian financial crisis. Mindanao is the second largest and easternmost island in the Philippines. ... The Asian financial crisis was a financial crisis that started in July 1997 in Thailand and affected currencies, stock markets, and other asset prices in several Asian countries, many considered East Asian Tigers. ...

Early life and career

Ramos was born on March 18, 1928 in Lingayen, Pangasinan. His father, Narciso Ramos (1900-1986), was a lawyer, crusading journalist and 5-term legislator of the House of Representatives, who eventually rose to the position of Secretary of Foreign Affairs. As such, Narciso Ramos was the Philippine signatory to the ASEAN declaration forged in Bangkok in 1967. His mother, Angela Valdez-Ramos (1905-1977), was an educator, woman suffragette and daughter of the respected Valdez clan of Batac, Ilocos Norte making him a second degree cousin to Ferdinand Marcos. He took his elementary education in Lingayen and secondary education at the University of the Philippines Integrated School and Centro Escolar University Integrated School. March 18 is the 77th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (78th in leap years). ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... See: Lingayen Gulf, a gulf in the Philippines. ... Pangasinan, officially Province of Pangasinan (Pangasinan: Luyag na Pangasinan), is one of the provinces of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Main languages See Languages of ASEAN Secretary General Ong Keng Yong of Singapore Area  - Total 4,480,000 km2 Population  - Total (2004)  - Density 550,000,000 122. ... The Wat Phra Kaew temple complex Bangkok, known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (IPA: ,  ) or Krung Thep ( ) for short, is the capital of and largest city in Thailand, with an official year 2000 census population of 6,355,144, but actually numbering at least twice that. ... Batac is a 1st class municipality in the province of Ilocos Norte, Philippines. ... Ilocos Norte is a province of the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region in Luzon. ... Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralín Marcos (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was the tenth president of the Philippines, serving from 1965 to 1986. ... The University of the Philippines (Filipino: Unibersidad ng Pilipinas) or U.P. or State U is the premiere state university of the Philippines. ... Centro Escolar University is one of the most stable educational institutions in the Philippines. ...

In 1946, Ramos, barely months after enrolling in the Philippines' National University, won a government scholarship to the United States Military Academy in West Point. Seeing the need to help raise his country from the ruins of war, he pursued further studies in engineering following his graduation from West Point in 1950, obtaining a Masters Degree in Civil Engineering in the University of Illinois, where he was also a government scholar in 1951. National University (NU) is a university in Manila, Philippines. ... USMA redirects here. ... West Point painting West Point is a federal military base (and a census-designated place) located in the Town of Highlands in Orange County, New York. ... The Falkirk Wheel in Scotland. ... The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), is the largest campus in the University of Illinois system. ...

In his military career, Ramos, rose from 2nd Lieutenant infantry platoon leader in the Philippine Expeditionary Force (PEFTOK) in 1952 during the Korean War to Chief of Staff of the Philippine Civil Action Group to Vietnam from 1966 to 1968. He is also known as the "father" of the Philippine Army Special Forces, an elite paratroop unit skilled in community development as well as fighting communist insurgents. Combatants United Nations: Republic of Korea  Australia  Belgium Canada  Colombia Ethiopia  France Greece  Netherlands  New Zealand  Philippines South Africa  Thailand  Turkey  United Kingdom United States Medical staff:  Denmark  Australia  Italy  Norway  Sweden Communist states: Democratic People’s Republic of Korea People’s Republic of China  Soviet Union Commanders Syngman Rhee... Philippine Special Forces troops during a routine training exercise with US Army Special Forces. ...

In Korean War, Ramos along with the Philippines' 20th Battalion Combat Team and his fellow West Point graduates of the 1950's played a major combat role in this forgotten war. Ramos was one of the heroes of the Battle of Hill Eerie^[1], where he led his platoon to sabotage the enemy in Hill Eerie. While in Vietnam War, he was able to apply his professionial skills as a civil engineer. The Battle of Hill Eerie refers to several Korean War engagements between the United Nations forces and the Chinese Communist Forces (CCF) in 1952 at the infamous of Hill Eerie. ... Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam People’s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000...

Ramos has received several military awards including the Philippine Legion of Honor, the Gold Cross, Philippine Military Merit Medal, the United States Legion of Merit, the French Legion of Honor and the U.S. Military Academy Distinguished Award. The Philippine Legion of Honor was established by President Manuel Roxas, through Philippine Army Circular No. ... The Legion of Merit is a military decoration of the United States armed forces that is awarded for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services and achievements. ... Chiang Kai-sheks Légion dhonneur. ...

Ramos served the Marcos regime for more than 20 years — in the military, as head of the Philippine Constabulary, the country's national police force, and as a trusted advisor. He was a member of the infamous Rolex 12, a group of conspirators loyal to Marcos himself. Realizing that the Marcos regime was about to collapse, Ramos, together with Juan Ponce Enrile, the secretary of Defense, changed allegiance and sided with Aquino when the People Power Revolution erupted in 1986 and became the living symbol of military defiance against Marcos. The military followed his lead and swung the pendulum in her favor. The Philippine Constabulary (PC) was one of two national police forces of the Philippines and was organized in 1901 by the United States appointed administrative authority. ... Rolex 12 is the collective name of twelve of the closest and most powerful advisers of President Ferdinand Marcos during the martial law years in the Philippines from 1972 to 1981. ... Juan Ponce Enrile (born February 14, 1924) is a political figure in the Philippines. ... The EDSA Revolution, also referred to as the People Power Revolution and the Philippine Revolution of 1986, was a mostly nonviolent mass demonstration in the Philippines. ...

After Aquino assumed the Presidency, she appointed Ramos Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, and later Secretary of National Defense, foiling seven coup attempts against the Aquino administration. Seal of the Philippine Army Seal of the Philippine Navy Seal of the Philippine Air Force Seal of the Philippine Marine Corps The Armed Forces of the Philippines or AFP (Filipino: Sandatahang Lakas ng Pilipinas) originated in the establishment of the Philippine Scouts in 1901. ...

1992 Presidential Elections

In December 1991, Ramos declared his candidacy for President. He however, lost the nomination of the dominant party Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (LDP) to House Speaker Ramon Mitra. Days later, he bolted LDP and founded the Partido Lakas ng Tao (People Power Party), inviting Cebu Governor Emilio Mario Osmeña as his Vice President. The party formed a coalition with the National Union of Christian Democrats (NUCD) of Congressman Jose de Venecia and the United Muslim Democrats of the Philippines (UMDP) of Simeon Datumanong. Ramos and Osmeña campaigned for economic reforms and improved national security and unity. He was nicknamed as "Steady Eddie" as he campaigned well and gained a steady popularity during the campaign with popular support from President Aquino. The Laban ñg Demokratikong Pilipino (Struggle for Democratic Filipinos) is a political party in the Philippines. ... Ramon Mitra Jr. ... The Lakas-Christian and Muslim Democrats, also more popularly known as simply Lakas or LAKAS-CMD is the current ruling political party in the Philippines It was formed for the 1992 Presidential elections as then General Fidel V. Ramos and Cebu Goverenor Emilio R. Osmena running for President and Vice... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Cebu Region: Central Visayas (Region VII) Capital: Cebu City Founded: April 7, 1521 and April 27, 1565 Population: 2000 census—3,356,137 (largest) Density—660 per km² (6th highest) Area: 5,088. ... Lito Osmeña Emilio Mario R. Osmeña also known as Lito Osmeña, is the founder and chairman of PROMDI Party (Probinsya Muna Development Initiative or Provinces First Development Initiative) where he ran for the position of President in the 1998 elections but lost to Joseph Estrada. ... Jose de Venecia, Jr. ...

He won the seven-way race on May 11, 1992, narrowly defeating populist Agrarian Reform Secretary Miriam Defensor-Santiago. Despite winning, he garnered only 23.5% of the vote, the lowest plurality in the country's history. The election results were marred by allegations of fraud, though cheating on a large scale has not been proven. However, his running mate, Governor Osmeña lost to Senator Joseph Estrada as Vice President. May 11 is the 131st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (132nd in leap years). ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... // Miriam Defensor Santiago became globally famous with her courageous and brilliant crusade against corruption in the Philippines. ... Joseph Ejercito Estrada (born José Marcelo Ejército on April 19, 1937) widely known as Erap is a popular film actor in the Philippines and was the 13th President of the Philippines from June 30, 1998 to January 20, 2001. ...

Presidency

At the time of his assumption into power, Ramos was the oldest person to become president of the Philippines at the age of 64. He is also the first Protestant president of the country. The first few years of his administration (1992-1995) were characterized by economic boom, technological development, political stability and efficient delivery of basic needs to the people. During his time, he advocated party platforms as outline and agenda for governance. As in his case, he was the first Christian Democrat to be elected in the country, being the founder of Lakas-CMD (Christian Democratic Party). He was the one of the most influential leaders and the unofficial spokesman of Liberal Democracy in Asia.^{[citation needed]} This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Christian Democracy is a political ideology, born at the end of the 19th century, largely as a result of the papal encyclical Rerum Novarum of Pope Leo XIII, in which the Vatican recognizes workers misery and agrees that something should be done about it, in reaction to the rise of... Look up liberal on Wiktionary, the free dictionary Liberal may refer to: Politics: Liberalism American liberalism, a political trend in the USA Political progressivism, a political ideology that is for change, often associated with liberal movements Liberty, the condition of being free from control or restrictions Liberal Party, members of... World map showing the location of Asia. ...

Power Crisis

The Philippines then was experiencing widespread brownouts due to huge demand for electricity and antiquity of power plants. During his State of the Nation address on July 27, 1992, he requested Congress to enact a law that would create an energy department that would plan and manage the Philippines' energy demands. Congress only created an energy department but gave him special constitutional powers to resolve the power crisis. Using the powers given to him, Ramos issued licenses to independent power producers (IPP) to construct power plants within 24 months. The power crisis was resolved in 1994. A power outage is the loss of the electricity supply to an area. ... July 27 is the 208th day (209th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 157 days remaining. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Philippine Congress Session Hall The legislative power is vested in Congress, which consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. ...

Unfortunately, Ramos issued supply contracts that guaranteed the government would buy whatever power the IPPs produced under the contract in U.S. dollars to entice investments in power plants. This became a problem during the East Asian Financial Crisis when the demand for electricity contracted and the Philippine Peso lost half its value. This caused the Philippine price of electricity to become the second highest in Asia, after Japan. The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ... ISO 4217 Code PHP User(s) Philippines Inflation 7. ...

The country was considered risky by investors due to previous coup attempts by military adventurists led by Gregorio Honasan and experienced brownouts at an almost daily basis lasting 4-12 hours before he issued IPP licences. The low supply of power and perceived instability held back investments and modernization in the country. In addition, the Philippines was a pioneer in the Built-Operate-Transfer (BOP) scheme where private investors are invited to built certain government projects (i.e. tollways, powerplants, railways, etc.), make money by charging users, and transfer operation to the government after a set amount of time. As there was no literature or previous experience to such a scheme, most early contracts put a large and undue amount of risk on the government in cases of unfavorable changes in the business environment. Given such factors, most experts and academics consider the generous IPP supply contracts an understandable error and an honest mistake. However, due to the subjective nature of the circumstances, this is still highly debated. Gregorio Ballesteros Gringo Honasan (born Baguio City, 14 March 1948) was a senator of the Philippines, elected in 1995 and reelected in 2001, until his term ended in 2004. ...

Economic Reforms

Peace with separatists

Ramos, a military general himself, made peace with the rebel panels. One of the contributions was his being instrumental in the signing of the final peace agreement between the government and the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) led by Nur Misuari in 1996. He also ordered the resumption of peace negotiations with the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) led by Salamat Hashim and the Communist Party of the Philippines-National Democratic Front, which operates the New People's Army, led by Jose Maria Sison. Ramos created the National Unification Commission and appointed Haydee Yorac as its chairman. He granted the commission's request for amnesty to rebel military officers of the Reform the Armed forces Movement (RAM), led by Col. Gregorio (Gringo) Honasan, who led the 1989 coup d' etat that threatened to oust the Aquino administration(rumors said that he made 50 push-ups for the mutineers before the amnesty). The Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) is an active Islamic movement in the Southern Philippines. ... The Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) is an active Islamic movement in the Southern Philippines. ... In a show of force during peace negotiations with the Philippine government, members of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front parade during a press conference June 4, 2005, on the island of Mindanao. ... The Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) is an active Islamic movement in the Southern Philippines. ... The New Peoples Army, or NPA, is a communist-based revolutionary group in the Philippines, formed in December 1969. ... Communist Party of the Philippines (in Tagalog: Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas) is a clandestine communist party in the Philippines. ... The New Peoples Army, or NPA, is a communist-based revolutionary group in the Philippines, formed in March 29, 1969. ... Jose Maria Sison aka Armando Liwanag José Maria Sison, born February 8, 1939 in Cabugao, Ilocos Sur, is a writer and intellectual who reorganized the Communist Party of the Philippines by combining elements of Maoism. ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... Gregorio Ballesteros Gringo Honasan (born Baguio City, 14 March 1948) was a senator of the Philippines, elected in 1995 and reelected in 2001, until his term ended in 2004. ... A coup détat (pronounced ), or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government, usually done by a smaller supposedly weaker body that just replaces the top power figures. ... Maria Corazon Sumulong Cojuangco Aquino (born January 25, 1933), widely known as Cory Aquino, was President of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992. ...

Spratly Islands

In early 1995, the Philippines discovered a primitive Chinese military structure on Mischief Reef in the Spratly Island, one hundred and thirty nautical miles off the coast of Palawan. The Philippine government issued a formal protest over China’s occupation of the reef and the Philippine Navy arrested sixty-two Chinese fishermen at Half Moon Shoal, eighty kilometers from Palawan. A week later, following confirmation from surveillance pictures that the structures were of military design, President Fidel Ramos had the military forces in the region strengthened. He ordered the Philippine Air Force to dispatch five F-5 fighters backed by four jet trainers and two helicopters, while the navy sent two additional ships. The People’s Republic of China had claimed that the structures were shelters for fishermen but these small incidents could have triggered a war in the South China Sea. This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Palawan is an island province of the Philippines located in the Mimaropa region. ... The Philippine Navy is the navy of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Palawan is an island province of the Philippines located in the Mimaropa region. ... The Philippine Air Force (PhAF, often mistaken for the PAF [Persian Air Force]) is the air force of the Philippines. ... The F-5 Freedom Fighter (or Tiger II) is a low cost entry level supersonic fighter aircraft, designed and built by Northrop in the United States, beginning in 1962. ... People on the stairs to the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago In general, the English word people refers to a specific group of humans, or to persons in a general sense. ... The South China Sea, showing surrounding countries and neighbouring seas and oceans The South China Sea is a marginal sea south of China. ...

Migrant Workers Protection

One of the downturns of his administration was his experience in handling migrant workers protection. On the eve of his 67th birthday on March 17, 1995, Ramos was on a foreign trip when Flor Contemplación was hanged in Singapore. His last minute effort to negotiate with Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong never succeeded and he was marred with protests after his return to Manila, depsite the fact that Flor Contemplación was guilty of the crime she was accused. The protests also caused the resignation of Foreign Affairs Secretary Roberto Romulo and Labor Secretary Nieves Confesor from the Cabinet. He immediately recalled Philippine ambassador to Singapore Alicia Ramos and suspended diplomatic relations to Singapore. He created a special commission to look into the case and to try and rescue his sagging popularity. The commission was led by retired justice Emilio Gancayco. The Commission recommended the forced resignation of then Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA) head David Corpin and 13 other government officials, including two labor attachés. March 17 is the 76th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (77th in leap years). ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Flor R. Contemplación (January 1953 - March 17, 1995) was a Filipino domestic worker who was executed in Singapore for murder. ... The Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore is the head of government of the Republic of Singapore (and prior to 9 August 1965, the State of Singapore). ... Goh Chok Tong (Chinese: 吴作栋; (Simp. ... The City of Manila (Filipino: Lungsod ng Maynila), or simply Manila, is the capital of the Philippines and one of the municipalities that comprise Metro Manila. ... Flor R. Contemplación (January 1953 - March 17, 1995) was a Filipino domestic worker who was executed in Singapore for murder. ... In the British Government, the Cabinet Secretary, or more formally Secretary of the Cabinet, is the senior civil servant in charge of the Cabinet Office, a department that provides administrative support to the Prime Minister, the Cabinet, and the government as a whole. ...

President Ramos also facilitated the enactment of Republic Act 8042, better known as the Magna Carta for Overseas Workers or the Migrant Workers Act. The Migrant Workers Act was signed into law on June 7, 1995. Learning from the lessons of Contemplación case, Ramos immediately ordered UAE Ambassador Roy Señeres to facilitate negotiations after learning the death penalty verdict of Sarah Balabagan on September 1995. Balabagan's sentence was lowered and she was released August 1996. After tensions cooled off, Ramos restored diplomatic relations with Singapore after meeting Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong during the sidelines of the 50th anniversary of the United Nations in New York City. Republic Acts are laws in the Philippines, created by the Congress and signed by the president. ... Magna Carta Magna Carta (Latin for Great Charter, literally Great Paper), also called Magna Carta Libertatum (Great Charter of Freedoms), is an English charter originally issued in 1215. ... June 7 is the 158th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (159th in leap years), with 207 days remaining. ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Sarah Balabagan (born 1979 August 16) (her surname is pronounced with the stress on the third syllable) was a Filipina prisoner in the United Arab Emirates whose case caused a good deal of controversy in 1995-96. ... The Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore is the head of government of the Republic of Singapore (and prior to 9 August 1965, the State of Singapore). ... Goh Chok Tong (Chinese: 吴作栋; (Simp. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... Nickname: Big Apple, Gotham, NYC, City That Never Sleeps, The Concrete Jungle, The City So Nice They Named It Twice Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs The Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island Settled 1613  - Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area    - City...

Final Years as President

President Ramos with First Lady Amelita Ramos is depicted during the 1998 Philippine Independence Centennial Celebrations at the balcony of the Aguinaldo Shrine in Cavite Province.

One of his notable contributions to the Philippines was the revival of nationalistic spirit by embarking on a massive promotion campaign for the centennial of Philippine Independence. It was celebrated on June 12, 1998. One of his pet projects was the Centennial Expo and Amphitheater at the former Clark Air Base in Angeles City, Pampanga. Image File history File links ImagePhp_bill_2000_back. ... Image File history File links ImagePhp_bill_2000_back. ... Amelita Ming Ramos is the wife Fidel V. Ramos, President of the Republic of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998. ... The Aguinaldo Shrine is a national shrine of the Philippines, located in Kawit, Cavite. ... CAVITE is a province of the Philippines located on the southern shores of Manila Bay in the CALABARZON region in Luzon, just 30 kilometers south of Manila. ... June 12 is the 163rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (164th in leap years), with 202 days remaining. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ... Clark Air Base is a former U.S. Air Force base on Luzon Island in the Philippines, now known as the Clark Special Economic Zone. ... The City of Angeles (Filipino: Lungsod ng Angeles; Kapampangan: Lakanbalen Ning Angeles/Ciudad Ning Angeles) is a 1st class highly urbanized city located in the province of Pampanga, Philippines (location: ). On the north-western part of the city is the Clark International Airport and Clark Special Economic Zone (CSEZ) (formerly... Pampanga is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. ...

During Ramos time, there was an attempt to ammend the country's 1987 constitution; a process popularly known to many Filipinos as Charter Change or "Cha-Cha." Charter Change or cha-cha in the Philippines refers to the political and other related processes involved in amending or revising the current 1987 Constitution of the Philippines. ... For the dance, see Cha-cha-cha (dance). ...

Post-presidency

President Ramos's official Malacañan Palace portrait since 2003

After his presidency, Ramos remained one of the many influential political leaders in the Philippines, amidst rumors of his alleged involvement in coup attempts and his alleged desire to perpetrate himself in power. He served as Carlyle Group Asia Advisor Board Member until the board was disbanded in February 2004. Official portrait of Philippine president Fidel V. Ramos. ... Official portrait of Philippine president Fidel V. Ramos. ... Carlyle is the surname of: Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881), the Scottish essayist and historian Thomas Carlyle (Scottish lawyer) (1803-1855), the Scottish lawyer and apostle of the Catholic Apostolic Church Robert Carlyle (born 1961), a Scottish movie actor Alexander Carlyle (1722-1805), a Scottish church leader Randy Carlyle (1956-), a...

In January 2001, Ramos was instrumental in the success of the second EDSA Revolution, a four-day popular revolt that peacefully overthrew Philippine president Joseph Estrada that placed Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo in the presidential seat. Arroyo repaid Ramos by appointing him as the Philippines Goodwill Ambassador to the World Economic Forum. The EDSA II revolution is depicted on the 200-peso bill. ... The President of the Philippines is the head of state and government of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Joseph Ejercito Estrada (born José Marcelo Ejército on April 19, 1937) widely known as Erap is a popular film actor in the Philippines and was the 13th President of the Philippines from June 30, 1998 to January 20, 2001. ... The young Gloria Macapagal (far right) and her family; when this picture was taken, her father Diosdado was the President of the Philippines. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

He is currently the Chairman Emeritus of the Lakas CMD (Christian-Muslim Democrats) Party, formerly known as Lakas NUCD-UMDP or the Partido Lakas Tao-National Union of Christian Democrats-Union of Muslim Democrats of the Philippines. LAKAS is the ruling political party of the Philippines. ...

Expressing his belief in continued economic progress, governance and stability, Ramos successfully convinced President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo not to resign from office at the height of the election-rigging scandal in July 2005. Ramos repeatedly stated that the scandal is nowhere as grave as that of People Power Revolutions of 1986 and 2001, citing factors such as the stagnant Philippine economy in the final years of the Marcos regime as well as the allegedly massive corruption of the Estrada administration. He did however push Arroyo into explaining her vocal involvement in the wiretapped conversation with an election official. President Arroyo during the State of the Nation Address, July 25 An electoral crisis emerged in the Philippines in June 2005, and arguably halted in September 2005. ...

Ramos also unveiled his proposals for constitutional change of the country. Citing the need to be more economically competitive, globalization and the need to improve governance for all Filipinos, Ramos suggested that government should start the process of charter change with a set deadline in 2007 (by which time the new charter and new government will take effect). Ramos supports the transformation of the country's political system from the Philippine presidential-bicameral-system into a unicameral parliament in transition to a federal form.

2006

Recently, Fidel V. Ramos had separate meetings with politicians. The first was held at his Makati City office with the presence of Senate President Franklin Drilon and former Senator Tito Sotto. Afterwards, another private meeting followed, this time with President Arroyo. Franklin Drilon Franklin M. Drilon is the current Senate President and third highest ranking official of the Philippines. ... Vicente C. Tito Sotto III (born August 24, 1948) is a former senator in the Philippines Congress. ...

In relation to the meetings, Ramos rejected invitations from the political opposition and stressed that his support is with the administration. He admitted however that Arroyo and her team has been sluggish in implementing the much-needed reforms which he suggested (including the need for Arroyo to step down from power in 2007). Political adviser Gabriel Claudio confirmed the Ramos-Arroyo meeting and said that a compromise over reforms has been reached.

At a high-profile summit of the Lakas-CMD held January 15, 2006, delegates of the party rejected his proposals and favored Arroyo's initiative.

He is currently representing the Philippines in the ASEAN Eminent Persons Group, task to draft the Charter of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN). He was also a member of numerous international groups and fora, and is currently the chairman of the Boa'o Forum of Asia and co-chairman of the Global Meeting of the Emerging Markets Forum (EMF). Ramos was heavily recommended for the position of the United Nations envoy to Myanmar (formerly known as Burma) in June 2006. The ASEAN Eminent Persons Group (EPG) is a group of highly distinguished and well respected citizens from Association of South East Asian Nations member countries task to create the charter of the ASEAN community. ... Main languages See Languages of ASEAN Secretary General Ong Keng Yong of Singapore Area  - Total 4,480,000 km2 Population  - Total (2004)  - Density 550,000,000 122. ...

He founded the Ramos Foundation for Peace and Development (RPDEV) with offices located in the Urban Bank Building (now ExportBank Plaza).

1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Korea (Korean: 한국 or ì¡°ì„ , see below) is a geographic area, civilization, and former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. ... Combatants United Nations: Republic of Korea  Australia  Belgium Canada  Colombia Ethiopia  France Greece  Netherlands  New Zealand  Philippines South Africa  Thailand  Turkey  United Kingdom United States Medical staff:  Denmark  Australia  Italy  Norway  Sweden Communist states: Democratic People’s Republic of Korea People’s Republic of China  Soviet Union Commanders Syngman Rhee... Official language(s) English Capital Raleigh Largest city Charlotte Area  Ranked 28th  - Total 53,865 sq mi (139,509 km²)  - Width 150 miles (240 km)  - Length 560[1] miles (901 km)  - % water 9. ... Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam People’s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000... The Philippine Constabulary (PC) was one of two national police forces of the Philippines and was organized in 1901 by the United States appointed administrative authority. ... Military branches  Army, Navy (includes Marine Corps and Coast Guard), Air Force Military manpower - military age  18 years of age (2001) Military manpower - availability  males age 15-49: 22,435,982 (2004 est. ... The EDSA Revolution, also referred to as the People Power Revolution and the Philippine Revolution of 1986, was a mostly nonviolent mass demonstration in the Philippines. ... The EDSA Revolution, also referred to as the People Power Revolution and the Philippine Revolution of 1986, was a mostly nonviolent mass demonstration in the Philippines. ... The Battle of Hill Eerie refers to several Korean War engagements between the United Nations forces and the Chinese Communist Forces (CCF) in 1952 at the infamous of Hill Eerie. ... Combatants United Nations: Republic of Korea  Australia  Belgium Canada  Colombia Ethiopia  France Greece  Netherlands  New Zealand  Philippines South Africa  Thailand  Turkey  United Kingdom United States Medical staff:  Denmark  Australia  Italy  Norway  Sweden Communist states: Democratic People’s Republic of Korea People’s Republic of China  Soviet Union Commanders Syngman Rhee... The Philippine Legion of Honor was established by President Manuel Roxas, through Philippine Army Circular No. ... The Legion of Merit is a military decoration of the United States armed forces that is awarded for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services and achievements. ... The United Nations Service Medal is an international military decoration which was established by the United Nations on December 12, 1950. ... Vietnam Service Medal Vietnam Service Medal ribbon The Vietnam Service Medal is a military award which was created in 1965 by order of President Lyndon B. Johnson. ... Chiang Kai-sheks Légion dhonneur. ... The Korean Service Medal is a decoration of the United States military and was created in November 1950 by order of President Harry Truman. ... The President of the Philippines is the head of state and government of the Republic of the Philippines. ...

Profile

• Name: Fidel Valdez Ramos
• Nickname: Eddie (‘Steady Eddie’)
• Birth: March 18, 1928, Asingan, Lingayen, Pangasinan, Philippines
• Country: the Republic of the Philippines
• Religion: Evangelist Christian - Methodist
• Parents: Narciso Ramos (ASEAN signatory, diplomat, legislator) and Angela Valdez
• Siblings: Leticia Ramos-Shahani (former United Nations official and senator) and Gloria Ramos-Shahani (diplomat)
• Paternal Grandparents: Placido Ramos and Ramona Rueca
• Wife: Amelita Martinez Ramos (married October 25, 1953)
• Children: Angelina Jones, Josephine Samartino, Carolina Sembrano, Christine Jalasco and Gloria Ramos
• Occupation: Career Soldier, Politician, Writer, Diplomat

• Early Education: Graduated Valedictorian at Lingayen Elementary School, High School at the University of the Philippines High School -Manila but finished at the Centro Escolar University High School

• Tertiary Education: Bachelor of Science in Military Engineering (United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, USA, 1950), Masters Degree in Civil Engineering (University of Illinois, Illinois, USA, 1951), Civil Engineering Board (finished in the Top 10, 1953), Topnotcher Graduate for the Special Forces/Psychological Operation/Airborne (Fort Benning, Georgia, USA, 1960), Masters of National Security Administration (National Defense College, Philippines, 1969), Masters in Business Administration (Ateneo de Manila University, Philippines, 1980)

• West Point Batch: West Point Class of 1950 (Graduated on June 2, 1950, 64th) United States Military Academy
• Student Society: Phi Kappa Phi Honor Society

See: Lingayen Gulf, a gulf in the Philippines. ... Pangasinan, officially Province of Pangasinan (Pangasinan: Luyag na Pangasinan), is one of the provinces of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Christians believe that Jesus is the mediator of the New Covenant (see Hebrews 8:6). ... The Methodist movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... The University of the Philippines (Filipino: Unibersidad ng Pilipinas) or U.P. or State U is the premiere state university of the Philippines. ... Centro Escolar University is one of the most stable educational institutions in the Philippines. ... USMA redirects here. ... Alternate meanings: West Point (disambiguation). ... The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), is the largest campus in the University of Illinois system. ... Official language(s) English Capital Springfield Largest city Chicago Area  Ranked 25th  - Total 57,918 sq mi (149,998 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 390 miles (629 km)  - % water 4. ... Fort Benning is a United States Army base, located southwest of Columbus in Muscogee and Chattahoochee counties in Georgia and Russell County, Alabama It is part of the Columbus, Georgia Metropolitan Statistical Area. ... The Ateneo de Manila University (also called Ateneo de Manila or simply the Ateneo) is a private university run by the Society of Jesus in the Philippines. ... USMA redirects here. ... Phi Kappa Phi is one of the oldest, most prestigious and selective multi-disciplined honor societies in the United States. ...

Facts

• His father, Narciso Ramos, was a lawyer, crusading journalist and a five-term legislator (representing Pangasinan) in the House of Representatives. He served eight Philippine Presidents as a Congressman, as a Secretary of National Defense, as a Secretary of Foreign Affairs, as an Ambassador/Diplomat and as a Philippine Delegate in several international meetings. Historically, Narciso Ramos was the Philippine founding signatory to the ASEAN declaration forged in Bangkok, Thailand on 1967.
• Former President Ferdinand Edralin Marcos was his second cousin, whom he eventually ousted in the People Power Revolution on February 1986, becoming the living symbol of military defiance against Marcos dictatorship.
• His sister, Leticia Ramos-Shahani, was a politician and a writer. She had represented the Philippines in the United Nations becoming the UN Assistant Secretary-General for Social and Humanitarian Affairs; she was later elected Senator in the Philippines, and rose to Senate President Pro-Tempore position during her brother’s presidency.
• In 2000, Fidel Ramos (Class 1950) alongside fellow members of the Long Gray Line and West Pointers - fellow Korean War veteran U.S. Air Force Colonel/Astronaut Edwin Aldrin (Class 1951) and American General Frederick M. Franks, Jr. (1959), were awarded Distinguished Graduate Award from the Association of Graduates of the United States Military Academy in the West Point, USA.
• In the Korean War, Fidel Ramos, a lieutenant West Pointer, lead a United Nations Filipino Platoon (20th BCT PEFTOK-UNC) on May 21, 1951 to victory at the Battle of Hill Eerie and established a United Nation post in the infamous hill.
• Fidel Ramos belongs to the modern generation of Asian leaders in the 20th Century - Mahathir bin Muhammad (Malaysia), Lee Kuan Yew (Singapore), Bhumibol Adulyadej (King Rama IX of Thailand), King Norodom Sihanouk (Cambodia), Lee Teng-hui (Taiwan) and Jiang Zemin (China), all were born in the decade of 1920s.
• During his presidency, Ramos was featured in the main and cover story of TIME Magazine, May 15, 1995, lauding him for his "no-nonsense leadership" after years of misrule by his predeccesors, showing that "democracy is no enemy of development." While NEWSWEEK Magazine christened the Philippines as "Asia's New Tiger" in its cover story on November 25, 1996. It details how President Ramos transformed the country from the "Sickman of Asia" to an Economic Tiger. Ramos also feature in Readers' Digest Cover Story in mid-1996, "The man atops Asia next Economic Tiger".
• He is currently the only man in Philippine history to have held every rank in the Philippine military from Second Lieutenant to Commander-in-Chief.

PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES Ferdinand Marcos Ferdinand Edralin Marcos (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was the tenth President of the Republic of the Philippines. ... The EDSA Revolution, also referred to as the People Power Revolution and the Philippine Revolution of 1986, was a mostly nonviolent mass demonstration in the Philippines. ... Buzz in the LM Colonel Edwin Eugene Buzz Aldrin, Jr. ... Frederick M. Franks, Jr. ... Mahathir bin Mohamad (born December 20, 1925 in Alor Star, Kedah) was the Prime Minister of Malaysia from July 16, 1981 to 2003. ... This is a Chinese name; the family name is 李 (Li). ... Bhumibol Adulyadej (Thai: ; IPA: ; Royal Institute: Phumiphon Adunyadet;  ) (born December 5, 1927), officially styled the Great (Thai: มหาราช, Maharaja) and also known as Rama IX, is the current King of Thailand. ... Time in office: Apr. ... This is a Chinese name; the family name is 李 (Li). ... Jiāng Zémín (Traditional Chinese: 江澤民, Simplified Chinese: 江泽民, Hanyu Pinyin: Jiāng Zémín, Wade-Giles: Chiang Tse-min, Cantonese (Jyutping): gong1 zaak6 man4) (born August 17, 1926) was the core of the third generation of Communist Party of China leaders, serving as General Secretary of the Communist... A pocket watch, a device used to keep time There are two distinct views on the meaning of time. ... The Newsweek logo Newsweek is a weekly news magazine published in New York City and distributed throughout the United States and internationally. ... The cover of the May 2004 issue of Readers Digest. ...

Criticisms

Ramos was accused of human rights violations for his role in the declaration of Martial Law during the Marcos' era; he was the commanding officer of the Philippine Constabulary during Marcos time. For other uses, see Martial law (disambiguation). ... The Philippine Constabulary (PC) was one of two national police forces of the Philippines and was organized in 1901 by the United States appointed administrative authority. ...

Like many presidents in the Philippines, Ramos was also accused of corruption. The PEA-AMARI Manila Bay reclamation deal and the conversion of the military base in Fort Bonifacio for private development have been tainted with alleged corruption. All the accusations were never proven. Photography sunset in Bay City, Pasay (near SM Mall of Asia) Manila Bay is one of the finest natural harbors in the world which serves the port of Manila (on Luzon), in the Philippines. ... Bonifacio Global City Masterplan Map Fort Bonifacio is an urban development in Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines. ...

Leftist groups have also criticised Ramos' economic reforms such as privatization claiming that the economic growth posted during his presidency was "artificial." They blamed him for the slowdown of the Philippine economy during the 1997 East Asian financial crisis.^[2] The East Asian financial crisis was a period of economic unrest that started in July 1997 in South Korea with the financial collapse of Kia, and affected currencies, stock markets, and other asset prices in several Asian countries, many considered East Asian Tigers. ...

Awards and decorations

He received numerous awards and decorations as a soldier, as a civilian and as a politician. He's perhaps the most decorated Filipino soldier in history and next to Carlos P. Romulo as the most decorated Filipino of all time. Modern soldiers. ... In times of armed conflict a civilian is any person who is not a combatant. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Carlos P. Rómulo (b. ...

• Dato Laila Utama , The Most Esteemed Royal Family Order (Darjah Kerabat Yang Amat di-Homati, Brunei), March 5, 1988
• Dharma Pratana (Commander), Bintang, Yudha (Indonesia), June 20, 1990
• Grand Order of Mugunghwa (Republic of Korea), May 25, 1993
• Collar, Order of Civil Merit of Spain (Orden del Merito Civil), September 2, 1994
• Knight Grand Cross (GCMG), The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George (United Kingdom), March 14, 1995
• Collar, Order of Isabela Catolica (Spain), March 24, 1995
• Most Exalted Order of the Crown (Malaysia), June 21, 1995
• Knight Grand Cordon, 1st Class and Knight Grand Cordon, Special Class , Most Exalted Order of the White Elephant of Thailand, May 18, 1989 and January 29, 1997
• Order of Nishan-I-Pakistan, March 8, 1997
• Collar, Royal and Distinguished Order of Carlos III of Spain (Real y Muy Distinguida Orden de Carlos III), January 30, 1998
• Collar, Order of Merit (Chile)
• Commander, Philippine Legion of Honor (with Third Bronze Anahaw Leaf) three
• Commander, Legion of Merit (United States of America), August 1, 1990
• Philippine Distinguished Conduct Star (for gallantry in action in Marawi, Lanao del Sur) 1972
• Philippine Distinguished Service Star (with Silver and Bronze Anahaw leaf)
• Philippine Presidential Unit Citation 1952
• Philippine Gold Cross Medal
• Philippine Military Merit Medal (with Spearhead Device)
• Philippine Military Commendation Medal (First Bronze Equilateral Triangle)
• Luzon Anti-Dissidence Campaign Medal
• Mindanao Anti-Dissidence Campaign Medal
• Korean Presidential Unit Citation (South Korea), 1952
• Korean Service Medal/Korean Campaign Medal, 1952
• United Nations Service Medal (UN Korean Medal, Korean War), 1952
• Republic of Vietnam Service Medal (Vietnam War) 1967
• French Légion d'honneur(France), 1987
• Armed Forces of the Philippines Long Service Medal
• United States Military Academy Distinguished Award (United States of America), 2000
• UNESCO Peace Award Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize 1997
• United States Veteran Affairs Excellence in Leadership Award (Department of Veteran Affairs, USA) 2001
• Asia Week Magazine Most Outstanding Young Men in the Philippines (As a Soldier) 1963
• Sixth Lifetime Member of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines
• The Man of Peace Award (World Jurist Association) 1993
• University of California-San Diego Medal (UCSD Medal, California, USA) 1997
• Asia Society Leadership Award (Asia Society Washington, USA)
• Toda Award for Peace Achievements (Toda Institute of Global Peace and Policy Research) 2000
• Christian Democrats International Award (Christian Democrats International, CDI) 1997
• University of Illinois Presidential Award and Medallion (University of Illinois, USA) 1997
• City of Manila 10 Most Outstanding Manilans (for “public service and global diplomacy”) 2006
• Patron of the Asian Golf Tour (2005)

Honorary Doctorates/Degrees: Korea (Korean: 한국 or ì¡°ì„ , see below) is a geographic area, civilization, and former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. ... On the Orders insignia, St Michael is often depicted subduing Satan. ... The Most Exalted Order of the White Elephant (not to be confused with Denmarks Order of the Elephant) is the highest order (decoration) of Thailand. ... The Philippine Legion of Honor was established by President Manuel Roxas, through Philippine Army Circular No. ... The Legion of Merit is a military decoration of the United States armed forces that is awarded for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services and achievements. ... This is awarded by the Chief of Staff, Armed Forces of the Philippines to military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Philippines and friendly allied armed forces for conspicuous courage and gallantry in the face of an armed enemy. ... This is awarded by the Chief of Staff, AFP to officers of the Armed Forces of the Philippines for eminently meritorious and valuable service rendered in a position of major responsibility. ... Philippine P.U.C. The Philippine Presidential Unit Citation is a decoration of the Republic of the Philippines which has been awarded to certain units of the United States military for actions both during and subsequent to the Second World War. ... This is awarded by the Chief of Staff, Armed Forces of the Philippines, Area Command and Major Service Commanders to military personnel of the AFP for gallantry in action not warranting the award of the Distinguished Conduct Star. ... This is awarded by the Chief of Staff, AFP, Area Command and Major Service Commanders, Division and major subordinate unit commanders with a TO rank of Brigadier General or higher, to military personnel of the AFP for heroic achievement in combat or meritorious achievement for service not involving participation in... This is awarded by Commanders of Major Services, Division, Brigade or their equivalent in the PAF and in the PN, AFPWSSUs, and Area Commands to military personnel of the AFP for demonstrated exemplary efficiency, devotion and loyalty to duty assignments. ... This medal is awarded to military personnel by the Chief of Staff, AFP, Commanders of Major Services and other units authorized to grant awards, for participation from 13 May 1948, in anti-smuggling/piracy and maritime law enforcement in Luzon and the waters immediately adjacent thereto for at least six... This is awarded to members of the AFP by the Chief of Staff, AFP, Commanders of Major Services and other units authorized to grant awards, for participation in the pacification campaign, operations in Lanao and Cotabato and other provinces in Mindanao with Task Force LANCAF, PAGARI, and PAGKAKAISA, and such... This is awarded to members of the AFP by the Chief of Staff, AFP for service to any member nation on behalf of the United Nations organization in peacekeeping operations, and to personnel dispatched to any member nation as members of paramilitary or quasi-military units, for service in support... Chiang Kai-sheks Légion dhonneur. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ... The Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize was established in 1990 by UNESCO, to honour living individuals and active public or private bodies or institutions that have made a significant contribution to promoting, seeking, safeguarding or maintaining peace in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations and the... The Boy Scouts of the Philippines (BSP), or Kapatirang Scout ng Pilipinas in Filipino, is the National Scout Association for boys and young men of the Philippines. ... The University of California (UC) is a public university system in the state of California. ... Flag Seal Nickname: Americas Finest City Location Location of San Diego within San Diego County Coordinates , Government County San Diego Mayor City Attorney         City Council District One District Two District Three District Four District Five District Six District Seven District Eight Jerry Sanders (R) Michael Aguirre Scott Peters Kevin... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... Christian Democracy is a political ideology, born at the end of the 19th century, largely as a result of the papal encyclical Rerum Novarum of Pope Leo XIII, in which the Vatican recognizes workers misery and agrees that something should be done about it, in reaction to the rise of... The City of Manila (Filipino: Lungsod ng Maynila), or simply Manila, is the capital of the Philippines and one of the municipalities that comprise Metro Manila. ...

• Doctor of Laws (Honoris Causa, Lyceum University, Philippines, 1986)
• Doctor of Laws (Honoris Causa, Centro Escolar University, Philippines, 1987)
• Doctor of Laws (Honoris Causa, St. Norbert’s College, De Pere, Wisconsin, USA, 1999)
• Doctor of Laws (Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan, 1997)
• Doctor of Laws (Soka University of America, California, USA, 1997)
• Doctor of Humanities (Mindanao State University, Philippines, 1983)
• Doctor of Letters (Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia, 1998)
• Doctor of Laws (University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, 1998)
• Doctor of Technology (Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand, 1998)
• Doctor of Political Science (Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 1992)
• Doctor of Laws (Fordham University, New York, USA)
• Doctor of Laws (Soka University, Tokyo, Japan, 1998)
• Doctor of Laws (Ateneo de Manila University, Manila, Philippines, 1997)

Around 20 other Honorary Doctorates from other institutions from around the Philippines and around the world. Centro Escolar University is one of the most stable educational institutions in the Philippines. ... Official language(s) None Capital Madison Largest city Milwaukee Area  Ranked 23rd  - Total 65,498 sq mi (169,790 km²)  - Width 260 miles (420 km)  - Length 310 miles (500 km)  - % water 17  - Latitude 42°30N to 47°3N  - Longitude 86°49W to 92°54W Population  Ranked... Waseda University ), often abbreviated to Sodai ) is the top private university in Japan, known for the liberal culture symbolized by its motto Independence of Learning. Apart from University of Tokyo, it is one of the most prestigious institutions of higher learning in Japan. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Soka University of America (SUA) is a private university located in Aliso Viejo, California. ... // History The Mindanao State University was created under Philippine Republic Act 1387 established at Marawi City on September 1, 1961. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Perth skyline veiwed from the Swan River This article is about the urban area of Perth, Western Australia. ... The University of Sydney, established in Sydney in 1850, is the oldest university in Australia. ... The Sydney Opera House on Sydney Harbour Sydney (pronounced ) is the most populous city in Australia with a metropolitan area population of over 4. ... Asian Institute of Technology environment The Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) is an international institution for higher education in engineering, advanced technologies, and management and planning. ... The Wat Phra Kaew temple complex Bangkok, known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (IPA: ,  ) or Krung Thep ( ) for short, is the capital of and largest city in Thailand, with an official year 2000 census population of 6,355,144, but actually numbering at least twice that. ... Chulalongkorn University is the oldest university in Thailand [1] and has long been considered one of the countrys most prestigious universities. ... Fordham University is a private, coeducational research university[2] located in and around New York City. ... NY redirects here. ... Soka University (創価大学, Sōka Daigaku) opened in Japan in 1971 (undergraduate) and 1975 (graduate). ... The Ateneo de Manila University (also called Ateneo de Manila or simply the Ateneo) is a private university run by the Society of Jesus in the Philippines. ...

References

• Zaide, Sonia M. (1999). The Philippines: A Unique Nation. All Nations Publishing. ISBN 971-642-071-4. 
• Bardos, Phil, Cold War Warriors: The Story of the Achievements and Leadership of the Men of the West Point Class of 1950, (United States, 2000)
• Johnson, Bryan, Four Days of Courage: The Untold Story of the Fall of Ferdinand Marcos, (Toronto, Canada, 1987)
• Cal, Ben, FVR Through the Years, (Washington D.C., USA, 1998)
• Hamilton-Paterson, James, America's Boy: The Marcoses and the Philippines, (Granta Books, London, Great Britain, 1998)
• Lazaro, Isagani L., Mga Dakilang Lider na Pilipino, 5th Edition, (National Book Store, Mandaluyong City, Philippines, 2004)
• Chŏnsa Pʻyŏnchʻan Wiwŏnhoe, The history of the United Nations forces in the Korean War, Volume I-VI, (Seoul, Ministry of National Defense, Republic of Korea, 1972-77)
• Ramos Presidential Center, Makati City
• Villasanta, Johnny F., 20th Battalion Combat Team (Leaders), The Philippine Expeditionary Force to Korea (1950-1955), http://www.geocities.com/peftok/20thbct.html, (August 26, 2006)

2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• The Philippine Presidency Project
• Fidel Ramos Community Forum
• Dark legacy: Human rights under the Marcos regime

Lieutenant General Rafael M. Ileto AFP (October 24, 1920 - June 20, 2003) was the former Vice Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, later Secretary of National Defense. ... The Philippines Department of National Defense (Filipino: Kagawaran ng Tanggulang Pambansa), abbreviated as DND is the executive department of the Philippine Government responsible for guarding the country against external and internal threats to its national peace and security. ... Renato de Villa Renato de Villa (b. ... Order 11th President of the Philippines (1st President of the 5th Republic) Term of Office February 25, 1986 – June 30, 1992 Vice President Salvador Laurel Predecessor Ferdinand Marcos Successor Fidel V. Ramos Born January 25, 1933 Manila, Philippines María Corazón Sumulong Cojuangco Aquino (born January 25, 1933), widely... The President of the Philippines is the head of state and government of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Joseph Ejercito Estrada (born José Marcelo Ejército on April 19, 1937) widely known as Erap is a popular film actor in the Philippines and was the 13th President of the Philippines from June 30, 1998 to January 20, 2001. ...

Presidents of the Philippines - List
Aguinaldo | Quezon | Osmeña | Laurel | Roxas | Quirino | Magsaysay     Garcia | Macapagal | Marcos | Aquino | Ramos | Estrada | Arroyo