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Encyclopedia > Fifty move rule

The fifty move rule in chess states that a player can claim a draw if no capture has been made and no pawn has been moved in the last fifty consecutive moves. The relevant part of the official FIDE laws of chess is rule 9.3: Chess is a recreational and competitive game for two players. ... In chess, a draw is one of the possible outcomes of a game, the others being a win for white and a win for black. ... Initial placement of the pawns. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

The game is drawn, upon a correct claim by the player having the move, if
(a) he writes on his scoresheet, and declares to the arbiter his intention to make a move which shall result in the last 50 moves having been made by each player without the movement of any pawn and without the capture of any piece, or
(b) the last 50 consecutive moves have been made by each player without the movement of any pawn and without the capture of any piece.

Naturally, if a player writes down his next move as under (a) above, it must not be a pawn move or a capture for a valid claim. Additionally, a claim doesn't have to be made at the first opportunity—it can be made any time when there were no captures or pawn moves in the last fifty moves.


A game is not automatically declared a draw under the fifty move rule—the draw must be claimed by a player on his turn to move. Therefore a game can continue beyond a point where a draw could be claimed under the rule. Theoretically, a game could continue indefinitely under the rules though in practice, when a draw under the fifty-move rule can be claimed, one of the players is usually happy to claim it (Hooper & Whyld 1992). The fifty move rule in chess states that a player can claim a draw if no capture has been made and no pawn has been moved in the last fifty consecutive moves. ...

Contents

Example

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a8 b8 c8 d8 e8 f8 g8 h8
a7 b7 c7 d7 e7 f7 g7 h7
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a5 b5 c5 d5 e5 f5 g5 h5
a4 b4 c4 d4 e4 f4 g4 h4
a3 b3 c3 d3 e3 f3 g3 h3
a2 b2 c2 d2 e2 f2 g2 h2
a1 b1 c1 d1 e1 f1 g1 h1
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Karpov-Kasparov, 1991, after 63. Kxh4, the last capture. Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... 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a8 b8 c8 d8 e8 f8 g8 h8
a7 b7 c7 d7 e7 f7 g7 h7
a6 b6 c6 d6 e6 f6 g6 h6
a5 b5 c5 d5 e5 f5 g5 h5
a4 b4 c4 d4 e4 f4 g4 h4
a3 b3 c3 d3 e3 f3 g3 h3
a2 b2 c2 d2 e2 f2 g2 h2
a1 b1 c1 d1 e1 f1 g1 h1
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Karpov-Kasparov, after 112... Kh8. Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... 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A draw by the fifty move rule could have been claimed after White's 112th move in a 1991 game between Anatoly Karpov and Garry Kasparov, but neither player claimed it. The last capture occurred on White's 63rd move (and the last pawn move occurred before that). Black could have written his 112th move on his scoresheet and claimed a draw. After Black's 112th move, either player could have claimed a draw on their turn to move, without having to write down their next move. Instead, the game continued a couple more moves: Anatoly Yevgenyevich Karpov (Russian: ) (born May 23, 1951) is a Russian chess grandmaster and former World Champion. ... Garry Kimovich Kasparov (Russian: ; IPA: ) (born April 13, 1963, in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR) (now Azerbaijan) is a Russian chess grandmaster and former World Chess Champion. ...

  • 113. Ng5 Ra6+
  • 114. Kf7 Rf6+
  • 115. ½-½[1]

If 115. Kxf6 the position is a stalemate. If 115. Ke8 Rxf5 116. Nxf5, and the position is a draw because the two knights can't force checkmate (see two knights endgame). Stalemate is a situation in chess where the player whose turn it is to move has no legal moves but is not in check. ... Checkmate (frequently shortened to mate) is a situation in chess (and in other boardgames of the chaturanga family) in which one players king is under attack and there is no way to meet that threat; it is a check from which there is no escape. ... The two knights ending is a chess endgame with a king and two knights versus a king, possibly with a pawn or two. ...

History

The rule has a long history, with Ruy López's 1561 text on chess including details of it. In the 20th century, with the discovery that certain endgames (see below) can only be won in more than fifty moves (without a pawn move or capture) from certain positions, the rule was changed to include certain exceptions in which one hundred moves were allowed with particular material imbalances. The exceptions were later removed and all material combinations are now subject to the fifty move rule. Ruy López de Segura (born 1530 in Zafra near Badajoz, died 1580) was a Spanish priest and later bishop in Segura whose book Libro de la invención liberal y arte del juego del Axedrez was one of the first fundamental chess books in Europe, only after Pedro Damiano... In chess, the endgame (or end game or ending) refers to the stage of the game when there are few pieces left on the board. ...


The exceptional positions (above) were:

  1. Two knights versus a pawn (See Troitsky line)
  2. Rook and bishop versus a rook
  3. Rook and a rook pawn on its original square, versus a pawn blocking the rook pawn and a bishop on the same color as the opponent's pawn.

In 1928 FIDE enacted rules that in the rook and bishop versus rook endgame, 132 moves were allowed, since it was twice the 66 moves that were thought to be required at that time (the actual maximal number of moves needed is 59). In 1952 FIDE revised the law, requiring that players agree to an extension for these positions before the first move is made (Whitaker & Hartleb 1960). FIDE rules allowed seventy-five moves for the rook and bishop versus rook (Müller & Lamprecht 2001). The knight moves in an L shape. ... Initial placement of the pawns. ... The two knights ending is a chess endgame with a king and two knights versus a king, possibly with a pawn or two. ... Staunton chess pieces, left to right: pawn, rook, knight, bishop, queen, and king. ... A bishop (♗♝) is a piece in the board game of chess. ... This page explains commonly used terms in chess in alphabetical order. ... The Fédération Internationale des Échecs or World Chess Federation is an international organization that connects the various national chess federations around the world. ... The fifty move rule in chess states that a player can claim a draw if no capture has been made and no pawn has been moved in the last fifty consecutive moves. ... The fifty move rule in chess states that a player can claim a draw if no capture has been made and no pawn has been moved in the last fifty consecutive moves. ...


At some point, the rule was changed to one hundred moves for such positions. Later more positions requiring more than fifty moves were found. FIDE included these endgames in the extended rule:

  1. queen versus two bishops
  2. queen versus two knights
  3. two bishops versus a knight
  4. two knights versus a pawn
  5. rook and bishop versus a rook, and
  6. a queen with a pawn on the seventh rank versus a queen.

The one hundred move extension was in force for a short time, and it was changed to seventy-five moves in 1988 (Hooper & Whyld 1992). In 1992 the rule was changed back to fifty moves for all positions. Queen. ... The fifty move rule in chess states that a player can claim a draw if no capture has been made and no pawn has been moved in the last fifty consecutive moves. ...


Many of the longest games on record involve the rook and bishop versus rook endgame, when the rule for more moves was in effect. [2]


Games drawn under the fifty move rule before the endgame are rare. One example is Filipowicz - Smederevac, Polanica Zdroj 1966, which was drawn on move 70 without any captures having been made in the whole game and with the last pawn being moved on move 20.


See also

Typical chess set and clock While the exact origins of chess are unclear, the modern rules of chess first took form in Italy during the 16th century. ... In chess, the threefold repetition rule states that a player can claim a draw if the same position occurs three times, or will occur after their next move, with the same player to move, and with each player having the same set of legal moves each time, including the right... In chess, a draw is one of the possible outcomes of a game, the others being a win for white and a win for black. ...

Notes

  1. ^ http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1067317
  2. ^ http://www.xs4all.nl/~timkr/records/#Longest%20game

The recgames.pgn file may now be downloaded from this page of Tim Krabbe's site -


http://www.xs4all.nl/~timkr/records/records.htm


References

  • McCrary, John (2004), "The Evolution of Special Draw Rules", Chess Life (no. November): 26-27
  • Müller, Karsten & Frank Lamprecht (2001), Fundamental Chess Endings, Gambit Publications, ISBN 1-901983-53-6

David Vincent Hooper (31 August 1915- May 1998), born in Reigate, was a British chess player and writer. ... Kenneth Whyld (March 6, 1926 - July 11, 2003) was a British chess author and researcher, best known as the co-author (with David Hooper) of the Oxford Companion to Chess, the standard single-volume chess reference work in English. ... Chess Life is the official publication of the United States Chess Federation (USCF), and reaches more than a quarter of a million readers every month. ... Karsten Müller (born in 1970) is a German chess grandmaster. ... Frank Lamprecht (born 21 June 1968) is a German chess international master and chess trainer. ... Norman Tweed Whitaker (b. ...

External links

  • Filipowicz - Smederevac (1966) game at Chessville - The Mad Aussie's Chess Trivia

  Results from FactBites:
 
Fifty move rule - Biocrawler (285 words)
The fifty move rule in chess states that a player can claim a draw if no capture has been made and no pawn has been moved in the last fifty consecutive moves.
It should be noted that after fifty moves the game is not automatically a draw--the draw must be claimed by the player on move.
The rule has a long history, with Ruy Lopez' 1561 text on chess including details of it.
Fifty move rule (360 words)
The fifty move rule in chess states that a player can claim a draw if no capture has been made and no pawn has been moved in the last fifty consecutive moves.
It should be noted that after fifty moves the game is not automatically a draw--the draw must be claimed by the player on move.
The exceptions were later removed and all material combinations are now subject to the fifty move rule.
  More results at FactBites »


 
 

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