Fight Club is a 1999 American feature film adaptation of the 1996 novel of the same name by Chuck Palahniuk, adapted by Jim Uhls and directed by David Fincher. The novel was optioned by producer Laura Ziskin, who hired Uhls to write the script for the film. Several directors were sought to film Fight Club; David Fincher was hired to direct based on his interest in the project despite previous difficulties with the studio 20th Century Fox. Major actors and actresses were considered by the studio to help promote the film, and actors Brad Pitt, Edward Norton, and Helena Bonham Carter were ultimately cast into the lead roles. Fincher worked with Uhls to develop the script, seeking advice from others in the film industry and his own cast members. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (573x755, 125 KB) This image is of a movie poster, and the copyright for it is most likely owned by either the publisher of the movie or the studio which produced the movie in question. ... David Leo Fincher (born August 28, 1962) is an American film director and music video director known for his dark and stylish films, particularly Fight Club and Se7en. ... Arnon Milchan (1945-) is movie producer and businessman. ... Art Linson (b. ... Ed Norton redirects here. ... William Bradley Brad Pitt (born December 18, 1963) is an Academy award-nominated American actor, film producer, and social activist. ... Helena Bonham Carter (born 26 May 1966) is an Academy Award- and Golden Globe-nominated English actress, known for her portrayals of Bellatrix Lestrange in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Marla Singer in the film Fight Club, her Oscar-nominated performance as Kate Croy in The Wings... The Dust Brothers are the Los Angeles-based producers E.Z. Mike (Michael Simpson) and King Gizmo (John King), famous for their creation of sample-based music in the 1980s, and specifically for their work on the groundbreaking albums Pauls Boutique by the Beastie Boys and Odelay by Beck. ... Twentieth (20th) Century Fox Film Corporation (known from 1935 to 1985 as Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation) is one of the six major American film studios. ... is the 288th day of the year (289th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... USD redirects here. ... USD redirects here. ... The year 1999 in film involved some significant events. ... Film adaptation is the transfer of a written work to a feature film. ... Fight Club[1] (1996) is the first published novel by American author Chuck Palahniuk. ... Charles Michael Chuck Palahniuk (pronounced )[1] (born February 21, 1962) is an American satirical novelist and freelance journalist of Ukrainian ancestry born in Pasco, Washington. ... David Leo Fincher (born August 28, 1962) is an American film director and music video director known for his dark and stylish films, particularly Fight Club and Se7en. ... Laura Ziskin is an American film producer. ... Twentieth (20th) Century Fox Film Corporation (known from 1935 to 1985 as Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation) is one of the six major American film studios. ... William Bradley Brad Pitt (born December 18, 1963) is an Academy award-nominated American actor, film producer, and social activist. ... Ed Norton redirects here. ... Helena Bonham Carter (born 26 May 1966) is an Academy Award- and Golden Globe-nominated English actress, known for her portrayals of Bellatrix Lestrange in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Marla Singer in the film Fight Club, her Oscar-nominated performance as Kate Croy in The Wings...

Fincher described Fight Club as a black comedy that applies heavy satire; he and the cast also compared the film to The Graduate (1967) and Rebel Without a Cause (1955). Thematically, the film was intended to represent the conflict between a generation of young people and the value system of advertising. The film's use of violence in the fight clubs was intended to serve as a metaphor for feeling based on the generation's conflict. The nameless protagonist, portrayed by Edward Norton, is an everyman and an unreliable narrator who becomes involved in a fight club with Tyler Durden (Brad Pitt) and is conflicted in a relationship triangle with Durden and Marla Singer (Helena Bonham Carter). The director carried homoerotic overtones over from Palahniuk's novel to implement in the film, believing that the overtones would make audiences uncomfortable and thereby keep them from anticipating the twist ending. This article is about the tone of comedy. ... For the novel of the same name, see The Graduate (novel). ... Rebel Without a Cause is a 1955 film directed by Nicholas Ray that tells the story of a rebellious teenager who comes to a new town, meets a girl, defies his parents, and faces the local high school bullies. ... A value system refers to the order and priority an individual or society grants to ethical and ideological values. ... For other uses, see Everyman (disambiguation). ... Illustration by Gustave Doré for Baron Münchhausen: tall tales, such as those of the Baron, often feature unreliable narrators. ... An example of lesbian erotica by Édouard-Henri Avril. ... A twist ending or surprise ending is an unexpected conclusion or climax to a work of fiction, and which often contains irony or causes the audience to reevaluate the narrative or characters. ...

Studio executives were not receptive to the film, and they altered Fincher's intended marketing campaign to try to recoup perceived losses. Fight Club failed to meet expectations at the box office, and the film received polarized reactions from film critics. The film was cited as one of the most controversial and talked-about films of 1999. It was perceived as crossing a milestone for visual style in cinema and introducing a new mood in American political life. The film later found commercial success with its DVD release, which established Fight Club as a cult film. The film has also permeated American society, inspiring people to set up fight clubs. A cult film is a film that has acquired a highly devoted but relatively small group of fans. ...

Plot

The narrator (Edward Norton) is an automobile company employee who travels to accident sites to perform product recall cost appraisals. His doctor refuses to write a prescription for his insomnia and instead suggests that he visit a support group for testicular cancer victims in order to appreciate real suffering. By attending the group, the narrator feels distraught at the condition of these ill fated people and breaks down. He is then able to sleep soundly and subsequently fakes more illnesses so he can attend other support groups in order to get out his pent up emotions through crying. The narrator's routine is disrupted when he begins to notice another impostor, Marla Singer (Helena Bonham Carter), at the same meetings and his insomnia returns. Ed Norton redirects here. ... A product recall is a request to return to the maker a batch or an entire production run of a product, usually due to the discovery of safety issues. ... This article is about the sleeping disorder. ... ‹ The template below (Mind-body interventions) is being considered for deletion. ... Testicular cancer is cancer that develops in the testicles, a part of the male reproductive system. ... Helena Bonham Carter (born 26 May 1966) is an Academy Award- and Golden Globe-nominated English actress, known for her portrayals of Bellatrix Lestrange in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Marla Singer in the film Fight Club, her Oscar-nominated performance as Kate Croy in The Wings...

During a flight for a business trip, the narrator meets Tyler Durden (Brad Pitt), who is a soap salesman. The narrator arrives home to find his apartment has been destroyed by an explosion. He calls Tyler and meets him at a bar. Tyler agrees to let the narrator stay at his home on the condition that the narrator hits him. The narrator complies and the two end up enjoying a fist fight outside the bar. The narrator moves into Tyler's dilapidated house and the two return to the bar, where they have another fight in the parking lot. After attracting a crowd, they establish a 'fight club' in the bar's basement. William Bradley Brad Pitt (born December 18, 1963) is an Academy award-nominated American actor, film producer, and social activist. ...

When Marla overdoses on Xanax, she is rescued by Tyler and the two embark upon a sexual relationship. Tyler tells the narrator never to talk about him with Marla. Under Tyler's leadership, the fight club becomes "Project Mayhem," which commits increasingly destructive acts of anti-capitalist vandalism in the city. The fight clubs become a network for Project Mayhem, and the narrator is left out of Tyler's activities with the project. After an argument, Tyler disappears from the narrator's life and when a member of Project Mayhem dies on a mission, the narrator attempts to shut down the project. Tracing Tyler's steps, he travels around the country to find that fight clubs have been started in every major city, where one of the participants identifies him as Tyler Durden. A phone call to Marla confirms his identity and he realizes that Tyler is an alter ego of his own split personality. Tyler appears before him and explains that he controls the narrator's body whenever he is asleep. Alprazolam, is an anxiolytic benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety disorders. ... This article lists ideologies opposed to capitalism and describes them briefly. ... This article is about the album by Cassidy. ...

The narrator faints and awakes to find Tyler has made several phone calls during his blackout and traces his plans to the downtown headquarters of several major credit card companies, which Tyler intends to destroy in order to cripple the financial networks. Failing to find help with the police, many of whom are members of Project Mayhem, the narrator attempts to disarm the explosives in the basement of one of the buildings. He is confronted by Tyler, knocked unconscious, and taken to the upper floor of another building to witness the impending destruction. The narrator, held by Tyler at gunpoint, realizes that in sharing the same body with Tyler, he is the one who is actually holding the gun. He fires it into his mouth, shooting through the cheek without killing himself. The illusion of Tyler collapses with an exit wound to the back of his head. Shortly after, members of Project Mayhem bring a kidnapped Marla to the narrator and leave them alone. The bombs detonate and, holding hands, the two witness the destruction of the entire financial city block through the windows to the song Where Is My Mind? The Central Business District of Sydney, Australia. ... This article is about the payment system. ... Where Is My Mind? is a song by the American alternative rock band Pixies. ...

Production

Development

In 1996, a 20th Century Fox book scout sent a galley proof of Chuck Palahniuk's novel Fight Club to creative executive Kevin McCormick. Despite a studio reader discouraging a film adaptation of the material, McCormick passed the proof on to producers Lawrence Bender and Art Linson, who in turn also rejected it. Producers Josh Donen and Ross Bell then expressed interest in the project and arranged unpaid screen readings with actors, initially lasting six hours, to determine the length of a script. After cutting out sections to reduce the running time and recording the dialogue, Bell sent the book on tape to Laura Ziskin, head of the division Fox 2000, who after listening to the tape purchased the rights to Fight Club for $10,000.^[1] Twentieth (20th) Century Fox Film Corporation (known from 1935 to 1985 as Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation) is one of the six major American film studios. ... Movable type on a composing stick In printing, galley proofs are preliminary versions of publications. ... Charles Michael Chuck Palahniuk (pronounced )[1] (born February 21, 1962) is an American satirical novelist and freelance journalist of Ukrainian ancestry born in Pasco, Washington. ... Fight Club[1] (1996) is the first published novel by American author Chuck Palahniuk. ... Kevin McCormick created the comic strip Arnold which was produced in the mid-1980s. ... Lawrence Bender Lawrence Bender (born 1957 in The Bronx) is an American film producer. ... Art Linson (b. ... Laura Ziskin is an American film producer. ... Twentieth (20th) Century Fox Film Corporation (known from 1935 to 1985 as Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation) is one of the major American film studios. ...

To adapt the story into a screenplay, Ziskin initially considered hiring Buck Henry; Ziskin thought that Fight Club was similar to The Graduate, which had been adapted by Henry. However, a new screenwriter, Jim Uhls, began lobbying Donen and Bell to be hired to adapt the screenplay and was subsequently chosen by the producers over Henry. For directing, Bell had four options in mind: Peter Jackson, Bryan Singer, Danny Boyle, and David Fincher. Bell considered Jackson the best choice and contacted the director, but Jackson was too busy filming The Frighteners (1996) in New Zealand. Singer received the book, but did not read it, while Boyle met with Bell and read the book, but ultimately pursued another project. Fincher, who had previously read the book and tried to buy the rights himself, talked with Ziskin about directing the film, but was hesitant to work with 20th Century Fox again after his bad experiences with the studio during Alien³ (1992). A meeting with Ziskin and studio head Bill Mechanic restored his relationship with the studio,^[1] and in August 1997, 20th Century Fox announced that Fincher would helm the film adaptation of the novel.^[2] Mechanic and Ziskin initially planned to finance the film with a $23 million budget.^[1] Buck Henry Zuckerman (born December 9, 1930 in New York, New York) is an American actor, writer and director, best known for his work in television, film, comedy, and satire. ... For the novel of the same name, see The Graduate (novel). ... For other persons named Peter Jackson, see Peter Jackson (disambiguation). ... Bryan Singer (born September 17, 1965) is an American film director. ... Danny Boyle (born 20 October 1956) is an English director and film producer, best known for his work on films such as Trainspotting and 28 Days Later. ... David Leo Fincher (born August 28, 1962) is an American film director and music video director known for his dark and stylish films, particularly Fight Club and Se7en. ... For the Matt Helm spy novel by Donald Hamilton, see The Frighteners (novel). ... Alien³ is a science fiction/horror film that opened May 22, 1992. ... Film adaptation is the transfer of a written work to a feature film. ...

Casting

Producer Ross Bell met with actor Russell Crowe to discuss portraying Tyler Durden, while at the same time producer Art Linson, who had lately joined the project, was negotiating with Brad Pitt for the same role. Due to Linson's seniority, Pitt was cast over Crowe.^[1] Pitt, who was seeking a new project after the failure of his previous film, Meet Joe Black (1998), was hired for $17.5 million, the studio believing that Fight Club would be more commercially successful with a major star.^[3] Likewise for the role of the nameless narrator, the studio desired a "sexier marquee name" like Matt Damon to increase the film's visibility (Sean Penn was also considered), but Fincher sought to cast Edward Norton in that role, based on the actor's performance in The People vs. Larry Flynt (1996).^[4] Norton had also been approached by other studios for leading roles in films like The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999) and Man on the Moon (1999), and he temporarily pursued Runaway Jury (2003) before that project fell apart. To lure him away from the other projects, Fox offered Norton a salary of $2.5 million, but Norton could not immediately accept, as he still owed Paramount Pictures a film. Norton therefore signed a new contract with Paramount for a lesser salary, eventually and unwillingly being cast in The Italian Job (2003).^[3] In January 1998, Brad Pitt and Edward Norton officially joined the project to portray Tyler Durden and the nameless narrator, respectively.^[5] Russell Ira Crowe (born April 7, 1964) is a New Zealand-Australian[1] actor. ... William Bradley Brad Pitt (born December 18, 1963) is an Academy award-nominated American actor, film producer, and social activist. ... Meet Joe Black is a 1998 remake of the 1934 film, Death Takes a Holiday, originally having been remade in 1971 under the same name as the original. ... Matthew Paige Matt Damon (born October 8, 1970) is an American screenwriter and actor. ... Sean Justin Penn (born August 17, 1960) // Penn was born in Santa Monica, California, the son of Leo Penn, an actor and director, and Eileen Ryan (née Annucci), an actress. ... Ed Norton redirects here. ... The People vs. ... The Talented Mr. ... For other uses, see Man on the Moon (disambiguation). ... This article is about the film. ... Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture production and distribution company, based in Hollywood, California. ... The Italian Job is a 2003 action-adventure film, directed by F. Gary Gray. ...

Actresses Courtney Love and Winona Ryder were considered to portray Marla Singer,^[6] and the studio would have cast Reese Witherspoon were it not for Fincher's objections that the actress was too young.^[3] Ultimately, Helena Bonham Carter was cast in the role, based on her performance in The Wings of the Dove (1997).^[7] Courtney Love[1] (born Courtney Michelle Harrison on July 9, 1964) is an American rock musician. ... Winona Laura Horowitz[1] (born October 29, 1971), better known under her professional name Winona Ryder, is a two-time Academy Award-nominated and Golden Globe-winning American actress. ... Laura Jeanne Reese Witherspoon[1] (born March 22, 1976) is an Academy Award-winning American actress. ... Helena Bonham Carter (born 26 May 1966) is an Academy Award- and Golden Globe-nominated English actress, known for her portrayals of Bellatrix Lestrange in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Marla Singer in the film Fight Club, her Oscar-nominated performance as Kate Croy in The Wings... The Wings of the Dove was filmed in 1997 and adapted from Henry James novel with the same name. ...

To prepare for their roles, Norton and Pitt took lessons in boxing, taekwondo, and grappling,^[8] in addition to soapmaking classes from boutique company owner Auntie Godmother.^[9] For the cosmetics of his role, Pitt voluntarily visited a dentist to have pieces of his front teeth chipped off, which were restored after filming concluded.^[10] For other meanings of these words, see boxing (disambiguation) or boxer. ... Taekwondo (태권도; IPA: ) is a Korean martial art and Chinese combat sport. ... For other uses, see Grapple. ... Soapmaking is the process of creating soap from raw ingredients such as fats, oils and lye. ...

Writing

Screenwriter Jim Uhls began working on the adaptation from an earlier draft which lacked a voice-over due to the industry's perspective at the time that the technique was "hackneyed and trite". When Fincher joined the project, he disagreed with the approach, believing that the film's humor came from the narrator's voice,^[3] and described the film without voice-over as seemingly "sad and pathetic".^[11] The director and Uhls developed the script for six to seven months, creating a third draft by 1997 that reordered the story and left out several major elements. When Pitt came on board, the actor expressed concern that Tyler Durden was too one-dimensional, so Fincher sought the advice of writer-director Cameron Crowe, who suggested giving the character more ambiguity. Fincher also hired screenwriter Andrew Kevin Walker and invited Pitt and Norton to collaborate on rewriting the script, which was completed after a year of work and five drafts.^[3] The narrator was written to be nameless in the film, although he is identified in the script as Jack. The narrator's aliases in the support groups that he attends were based on characters from Planet of the Apes and Robert De Niro roles of the '70s.^[12] A voice-over is a narration that is played on top of a video segment, usually with the audio for that segment muted or lowered. ... Cameron Bruce Crowe (born July 13, 1957) is an Academy Award winning American writer and film director. ... Andrew Kevin Walker (born August 14, 1964) is an American BAFTA-nominated screenwriter. ... This article is about the 1968 film. ... Robert Mario De Niro, Jr. ...

The bathtub scene served as part of the director's intended homoerotic presentation to make audiences uncomfortable and unprepared for the film's coming events.

Author Chuck Palahniuk praised the faithful film adaptation of his novel Fight Club and applauded the fact that the plot of the film was more streamlined than that of the book. Palahniuk also noted the contention over the believability for film audiences of the novel's plot twist, the inclusion of which director David Fincher supported by saying, "If they accept everything up to this point, they'll accept the plot twist. If they're still in the theater, they'll stay with it." Palahniuk was, however, annoyed by the film's change of a single ingredient in its explanation on making napalm, which rendered the recipe useless, since the author had researched the components extensively.^[13] Palahniuk's novel also contained homoerotic overtones, which the director deliberately included in the film in order to make audiences uncomfortable and thereby accentuate the surprise of the film's twists and turns.^[14] The scene in which Tyler Durden bathes next to the narrator is an example of such overtones, although Durden's insight in the scene, "I'm wondering if another woman is really the answer we need," was meant to suggest personal responsibility rather than homosexuality.^[15] Another example of the overtones was the scene at the beginning of the film in which Tyler Durden puts a gun barrel down the narrator's mouth.^[16] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Charles Michael Chuck Palahniuk (pronounced )[1] (born February 21, 1962) is an American satirical novelist and freelance journalist of Ukrainian ancestry born in Pasco, Washington. ... A simulated Napalm explosion during MCAS Air Show in 2003. ... Homosexuality is a sexual orientation characterized by esthetic attraction, romantic love, or sexual desire exclusively for another of the same sex. ...

At the end of the film, the narrator finds redemption in rejecting Tyler Durden's dialectic, which is a divergence from the novel's end, in which the narrator is placed in a mental institution.^[17] Norton notes the film's redemptive parallel to The Graduate, as the protagonists of both films find a middle ground between two divisions of self.^[18] The director also considered the novel too infatuated with Tyler Durden and altered the ending to pull away from him, saying, "I wanted people to love Tyler, but I also wanted them to be OK with his vanquishing."^[17] For the novel of the same name, see The Graduate (novel). ...

Filming

The interior of Tyler Durden's Paper Street home was designed to possess a sense of decay to reflect the deconstructed world of the characters.

When production first began, the initial $50 million budget, of which half was paid by New Regency, escalated to a peak of $67 million. New Regency's head and Fight Club executive producer Arnon Milchan petitioned Fincher to reduce the budget by at least $5 million, but the director refused to cut costs, so Milchan contacted studio head Bill Mechanic, saying that he would back out. To bring back Milchan's support, Mechanic sent him tapes of dailies, and after three weeks of shooting, Milchan returned his support and financed half of the production budget.^[19] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... New Regency Productions is a production company founded in 1991 by Arnon Milchan. ... Arnon Milchan (1945-) is movie producer and businessman. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ...

Filming lasted 138 days,^[20] during which Fincher shot more than 1,500 rolls of film, three times the average for a Hollywood film.^[8] Filming locations were in and around Los Angeles and on sets built at the studio's location in Century City.^[20] Production designer Alex McDowell constructed more than 70 sets.^[8] The exterior of Tyler Durden's home on Paper Street was built in San Pedro, California, while the interiors, given a decayed look to reflect the deconstructed world of the characters, were built on a sound stage at the studio's location.^[20] Marla's apartment was based on photographs of the Rosalind Apartments in downtown L.A.^[11] Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 1,290. ... Century City is the name of: A neighborhood in Los Angeles, California, USA. See: Century City, Los Angeles, California. ... San Pedro is a community within Los Angeles, California, annexed in 1909 and a major seaport of the area. ...

Fighting in the film was heavily choreographed, and fighters were required to "go full out" during fight scenes to capture realistic effects such as having the wind knocked out of oneself.^[21] To enhance the scenes, makeup artist Julie Pearce, who collaborated with the director on The Game, studied mixed martial arts and pay-per-view boxing for her work on the fighters. She also designed an extra to have a chunk missing from his ear, for which she cited Mike Tyson's bite as inspiration.^[22] To create sweat on cue, makeup artists devised two methods: spraying water over a coat of Vaseline, and using straight water for "wet sweat". Meat Loaf, who plays a member of the fight club that has "bitch tits", wore a 90-pound fat harness that gave him large breasts for the role.^[8] He also wore eight-inch (203 mm) lifts in his scenes with Norton, being shorter than the lead actor.^[15] The Game is a 1997 psychological thriller film directed by David Fincher and produced by Polygram, telling the story of an investment banker who is gifted with prepaid access to a game that integrates in strange ways with his life. ... For the fighting styles that combine different arts, see hybrid martial arts. ... Pay-per-view is the name given to a system by which television viewers can call and order events to be seen on TV and pay for the private telecast of that event to their homes later. ... This section contains a list of trivia items. ... Petroleum jelly or petrolatum is a byproduct of the refining of petroleum, made from the residue of petroleum distillation left in the still after all the oil has been vaporized. ... This article is about the singer. ... Gynecomastia, or gynaecomastia, pronounced is the development of abnormally large mammary glands in males resulting in breast enlargement, which can sometimes cause secretion of milk. ... Elevator shoes also known as Height Increasing Shoes or Walktall Shoesare shoes which have thickened sections of the insoles (known as lifts) under the heels to make the wearer appear taller. ...

Overall production included 300 scenes, 200 locations, and complex special effects. Fincher compared Fight Club to his succeeding and less complex project Panic Room (2002), "I felt like I was spending all my time watching trucks being loaded and unloaded so I could shoot three lines of dialogue. There was far too much transportation going on."^[23] Panic Room (2002) is a movie written by David Koepp, directed by David Fincher, and starring Academy Award Winners Jodie Foster and Forest Whitaker. ...

Cinematography

Fight Club was shot in the Super 35 format to give the director maximum flexibility in composing shots. To direct the cinematography for the film, director David Fincher hired Jeff Cronenweth, the son of the late cinematographer Jordan Cronenweth with whom Fincher had collaborated for Alien³ (1992). Fincher and Cronenweth drew from elements of the visual styles that Fincher had begun exploring in Se7en and The Game. For the narrator's scenes without Tyler Durden, the look was purposely bland and realistic, while for scenes with Tyler, Fincher chose a look that was "more hyper-real in a torn-down, deconstructed sense - a visual metaphor of what [the narrator's] heading into". Heavily desaturated colors were used in the costuming, makeup, and art direction, and the crew took advantage of as much natural and practical light at filming locations as possible. The director also took various approaches to take advantage of lighting situations in the film's scenes, and several practical locations were chosen for the city lights' effects on the shots' backgrounds. Fluorescent lighting at practical locations was also embraced to maintain an element of reality and to light the prosthetics of the characters' injuries appropriately.^[20] On the other hand, Fincher also ensured that scenes were darkened enough to reduce the visibility of the characters' eyes, citing cinematographer Gordon Willis's technique as the influence.^[15] Super 35 is a motion picture film format that uses exactly the same 35 mm film stock as standard 35mm, but puts a larger image frame on that stock. ... David Leo Fincher (born August 28, 1962) is an American film director and music video director known for his dark and stylish films, particularly Fight Club and Se7en. ... Jordan Cronenweth (February 20, 1935 – November 29, 1996) was an American cinematographer based in Los Angeles. ... Alien³ is a science fiction/horror film that opened May 22, 1992. ... For the singer, see Se7en (singer). ... Gordon Willis (born May 28, 1931 in Queens, New York) is a highly respected Hollywood cinematographer best known for his work on the The Godfather series and on some of Woody Allens most popular films. ...

The majority of Fight Club was filmed at night, with daytime shots taking place in purposely shadowed locations. For the first scenes of the actual indoor fight club in Lou's basement, the area was lit by inexpensive work lamps to create a background glow. The director also chose to film fight scenes in the basement from a more objective view, purposely avoiding stylish camerawork and instead placing the camera in a fixed position. As the fight scenes in the film progressed, the camera moved from the point of view of a distant observer to that of the fighter.^[20]

Scenes of Tyler Durden were staged to conceal the film's twist; the character was not filmed in two shots with a group of people, nor was he included in any over the shoulder shots. Durden is also present in single frames of the narrator's scenes before the narrator actually meets Durden,^[11] appearing in the background and out of focus, like a "little devil on the shoulder".^[15] Regarding these subliminal frames, Fincher explained, "Our hero is creating Tyler Durden in his own mind, so at this point he exists only on the periphery of the narrator's consciousness."^[24] A Two Shot is a type of shot employed in the film industry in which the frame encompasses a comfortable view of two people. ... Example of an over the shoulder shot. ...

Visual effects

The opening scene in Fight Club that represents a brain's neural network in which the thought processes are initiated by the narrator's fear impulse. The network was mapped using an L-system and drawn out by a medical illustrator.

As visual effects supervisor, Tod Haug, who had collaborated with director David Fincher on The Game, divided the VFX artists and experts into different facilities, each responsible for addressing a separate aspect of the film's visual effects: CG modeling, animation, compositing, and scanning. According to Haug, "We selected the best people for each aspect of the effects work, then coordinated their efforts. In this way, we never had to play to a facility's weakness." Fincher chose to illustrate the nameless narrator's perspective with a "mind's eye" view and to create a myopic framework for the film's audience. Fincher also utilized previsualized footage of challenging main-unit and visual effects shots as a problem-solving tool to avoid making mistakes during the actual filming.^[24] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... // Traditionally, the term neural network had been used to refer to a network or circuitry of biological neurons. ... See L-system for information on Lindenmayer systems. ... Visual effects (or VFX for short) is the term given in which images or film frames are created and manipulated for film and video. ... The phrase minds eye refers to the human ability for visual perception, imagination, visualization, and memory, or, in other words, ones ability to see things with the mind. ... Normal vision for a achromatopsic colour-blind person. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

The film's title sequence is a 90-second pullback scene from the fear center of the narrator's brain, representing the thought processes initiated by the narrator's fear impulse.^[11] The sequence, designed in part by Fincher, was budgeted separately from the rest of the film, but the studio later paid for the sequence based on Fincher's expert direction of the film.^[15] For the visual effects of the sequence, Fincher hired Digital Domain and its visual effects supervisor Kevin Mack, who had won an Academy Award for Visual Effects for What Dreams May Come (1998). The computer-generated brain was mapped using an L-system,^[25] and the design was detailed using renderings by medical illustrator Kathryn Jones. The pullback sequence from within the brain to the outside of the skull included neurons, action potentials, and a hair follicle. Concerning the artistic license that Fincher took with the shot, Haug explained, "While he wanted to keep the brain passage looking like electron microscope photography, that look had to be coupled with the feel of a night dive—wet, scary, and with a low depth of field." The shallow depth of field was accomplished with the process of ray tracing.^[24] Digital Domain is an Academy Award-winning computer graphics company located in Venice, California that provides visual effects for film, commercials and music videos. ... The Academy Award for Visual Effects is an Oscar given to one film each year that shows highest achievement in visual effects. ... This article is about the film. ... See L-system for information on Lindenmayer systems. ... This article is about cells in the nervous system. ... A. A schematic view of an idealized action potential illustrates its various phases as the action potential passes a point on a cell membrane. ... A hair follicle is part of the skin that grows hair by packing old cells together. ... The electron microscope is a microscope that can magnify very small details with high resolving power due to the use of electrons rather than light to scatter off material, magnifying at levels up to 500,000 times. ... In optics, particularly film and photography, the depth of field (DOF) is the distance in front of and beyond the subject that appears to be in focus. ... A ray traced scene. ...

One of the earliest scenes in the film, in which the camera flashes past city streets to survey Project Mayhem's destructive equipment lying in underground parking lots, was a three-dimensional composition of nearly 100 photographs of Los Angeles and Century City by photographer Michael Douglas Middleton. The final scene of demolishing the credit card office buildings was designed by Richard Baily of Image Savant, who worked on the scene for over 14 months.^[24] Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 1,290. ... Century City is the name of: A neighborhood in Los Angeles, California, USA. See: Century City, Los Angeles, California. ...

The sequence in which Tyler Durden (Pitt) points out a cue mark is a thematic element implemented by the director to reflect the point after which reality would become subverted.

The director gave a lurid style to the color palette of the film, choosing to make people "sort of shiny"; Helena Bonham Carter wore opalescent makeup to create a "smack-fiend patina" that would portray her romantic nihilistic character best. The director and cinematographer Jeff Cronenweth were also influenced by American Graffiti (1973), which applied a mundane look to nighttime exteriors while simultaneously including a variety of colors. When Fight Club was processed, several techniques were applied to alter the footage. The contrast was stretched to be purposely ugly, the print was adjusted to be underexposed, resilvering (lower-scale enhancement) was used to increase density, and high-contrast print socks were stepped all over the print to create a dirty patina.^[11] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... A cue mark, also known as a cue dot, a changeover cue[1] or simply a cue is a visual indicator used with motion picture film prints, usually placed on the right-hand upper corner of a frame of the film. ... A palette, in computer graphics, is a designated subset of the total range of colours supported by a computer graphics system. ... The Statue of Liberty gets its green color from the patina formed on its copper surface Patinas are chemical compounds formed on the surface of metals. ... For the music soundtrack based on the film, see 41 Original Hits from the Soundtrack of American Graffiti. ... Left side of the image has low contrast, the right has higher contrast. ... A photograph with an exposure time of 25 seconds A photograph of a night-time sky with an exposure time of 8 seconds In photography, exposure is the total amount of light allowed to fall on the photographic medium (photographic film or image sensor) during the process of taking a... Optical density is the absorbance of an optical element for a given wavelength λ per unit distance: Where: Although absorbance does not have true units, it is quite often reported in Absorbance Units or AU. Accordingly, optical density is measured in ODU, which are equivalent to AU cm−1. ...

Fincher included the cue mark sequence, in which Durden points out the "cigarette burn" flash, to serve as a thematic element. The sequence represents a turning point, foreshadowing the coming rupture and inversion of the "fairly subjective reality" that characterizes the initial progression of the film. "Suddenly it's as though the projectionist missed the changeover, the viewers have to start looking at the movie in a whole new way," explained Fincher.^[24] A cue mark, also known as a cue dot, a changeover cue[1] or simply a cue is a visual indicator used with motion picture film prints, usually placed on the right-hand upper corner of a frame of the film. ...

Musical score

For the musical score, the director was concerned that bands experienced in performing film music would be unable to tie the movie's themes together, so for this reason, he sought a band which had never recorded for film before. Radiohead was pursued as a possible choice,^[15] but the breakbeat producer duo Dust Brothers was ultimately chosen to score the film. The duo created a post-modern score that included drum loops, electronic scratches, and computerized samples because, as Dust Brothers performer Michael Simpson explains, "Fincher wanted to break new ground with everything about the movie, and a nontraditional score helped achieve that."^[26] A film score is a set of musical compositions written to accompany a film. ... Radiohead are an English alternative rock band from Oxfordshire. ... This article is about breakbeat, the electronic dance music genre. ... The Dust Brothers are the Los Angeles-based producers E.Z. Mike (Michael Simpson) and King Gizmo (John King), famous for their creation of sample-based music in the 1980s, and specifically for their work on the groundbreaking albums Pauls Boutique by the Beastie Boys and Odelay by Beck. ... The Dust Brothers are the Los Angeles-based producers E.Z. Mike (Michael Simpson) and King Gizmo (John King), famous for their creation of sample-based music in the 1980s, and specifically for their work on the groundbreaking albums Pauls Boutique by the Beastie Boys and Odelay by Beck. ...

Intended themes

Values

Director David Fincher described Fight Club as a black comedy that applies heavy satire.^[15] To avoid a potentially sinister nature, Fincher purposefully kept the film "funny and seditious",^[17] while Norton described the film as a "dark, comic, sort of surrealist look" at young people's failures to interact with the value system of which they are expected to be a part.^[28] Fight Club parallels Rebel Without a Cause by probing into the frustrations of the people that live in the system.^[27] The characters, having undergone societal emasculation, are reduced to "a generation of spectators",^[29] while a culture of advertising defines society's "external signifiers of happiness" and causes an unnecessary chase for material objects that replaces the more essential pursuit of spiritual happiness.^[30] Pitt explained, "I think there's a self defense mechanism that keeps my generation from having any real honest connection or commitment with our true feelings. We're rooting for ball teams, but we're not getting in there to play. We're so concerned with failure and success—like these two things are all that's going to sum you up at the end."^[21] This article is about the tone of comedy. ... 1867 edition of Punch, a ground-breaking British magazine of popular humour, including a good deal of satire of the contemporary social and political scene. ... A value system refers to the order and priority an individual or society grants to ethical and ideological values. ... Rebel Without a Cause is a 1955 film directed by Nicholas Ray that tells the story of a rebellious teenager who comes to a new town, meets a girl, defies his parents, and faces the local high school bullies. ... Emasculation is the removal of the genitalia of a male, notably the penis and/or the testicles, by surgery, violence, or accident (see castration). ...

The violence of the fight clubs serves as a metaphor for feeling, rather than to promote or glorify physical combat.^[31] The fights are tangible representations of resisting the impulse to be cocooned in society.^[29] Norton explained that the fighting between the men strips away the "fear of pain" and "the reliance on material signifiers of their self-worth", leaving them to really experience something valuable.^[27] When the fights transform into revolutionary violence, the film only half-accepts this dialectic by Tyler Durden, with the narrator pulling back and rejecting Durden's ideas.^[18] Thus Fight Club purposely shapes an ambiguous message, the interpretation of which is left to the film audiences.^[32] As Fincher elaborated, "I love this idea that you can have fascism without offering any direction or solution. Isn't the point of fascism to say, 'This is the way we should be going'? But this movie couldn't be further from offering any kind of solution."^[17] In classical philosophy, dialectic (Greek: διαλεκτική) is controversy, Viz. ... Fascism is a term used to describe authoritarian nationalist political ideologies or mass movements that are concerned with notions of cultural decline or decadence. ...

Characters

In Fight Club, the nameless narrator is an everyman who lacks a world of possibilities and initially cannot find a way to change his life. The narrator finds himself unable to match society's requirements for happiness and so embarks on a path to enlightenment which involves metaphorically killing his parents, his God, and his teacher. At the beginning of the film, the narrator has killed off his parents but still finds himself trapped in his false world. The narrator then meets Tyler Durden, with whom he kills his metaphorical God by going against the norms of society. Ultimately, the narrator has to kill his teacher, Tyler Durden, to complete the process of maturity.^[11] For other uses, see Everyman (disambiguation). ...

Screenwriter Jim Uhls described the film as a "romantic comedy", explaining, "It has to do with the characters' attitudes toward a healthy relationship, which is a lot of behavior which seems unhealthy and harsh to each other, but in fact does work for them—because both characters are out on the edge psychologically."^[33] In the film, the narrator seeks intimacy, but he avoids it at first with Marla Singer, seeing too much of himself in her.^[15] Though Marla presents a seductive and negativist prospect for the narrator, he instead embraces the novelty and excitement that Tyler Durden has to offer him. The narrator finds himself comfortable having the personal connection to Tyler Durden, but he becomes jealous when Marla becomes sexually involved with Tyler. When the narrator argues with Tyler about their friendship, Tyler explains that the relationship between the two men is secondary to the active pursuit of the philosophy they had been exploring.^[18] Tyler also suggests doing something about Marla, implying that she is a risk to be removed. When Tyler says this, the narrator realizes that his desires should have been focused on Marla and begins to diverge from Tyler's path.^[15]

The unreliable narrator is not immediately aware that Tyler Durden is, in fact, himself,^[11] and he also mistakenly promotes the fight clubs as a way to feel powerful.^[28] Contrarily, the narrator's physical condition worsens while Tyler Durden's appearance improves. Although Tyler initially embarks on a journey with the narrator in desiring the "real experiences" of actual fights,^[27] he eventually becomes a Nietzschean model that manifests the nihilistic attitude of rejecting and destroying institutions and value systems.^[32] His impulsive nature, representing the id,^[15] conveys an attitude that is seductive and liberating to the narrator and the followers. However, Tyler's initiatives and methods eventually become dehumanizing,^[32] as when he orders around the members of Project Mayhem with a megaphone in similar fashion to the approach of Chinese re-education camps.^[15] At this point, the narrator pulls back from Tyler and retreats as Tyler moves forward. In the end, the narrator is able to arrive at a middle ground between his two conflicting selves.^[18] Illustration by Gustave Doré for Baron Münchhausen: tall tales, such as those of the Baron, often feature unreliable narrators. ... In the television series Andromeda, the Nietzscheans are a race of genetically engineered humans who quite religiously follow the works of Friedrich Nietzsche, Social Darwinism and Dawkinite genetic competitiveness. ... This article is about the philosophical position. ... For other uses of ego and id, see EGO and ID. Id, ego, and superego are the three components of the human mind in the psychoanalytic model introduced by Sigmund Freud in the early 20th century. ... Reeducation through labor (laodong jiaoyang 劳动教养, abbreviated láojiào 劳教) is a system of administrative detentions in the Peoples Republic of China which is generally used to detain persons for minor crimes such as petty theft, prostitution, and illegal drug use for periods up to four years. ...

Release

Marketing

A pink bar of soap was conceived by the advertising firm Wieden+Kennedy as the main marketing image, but studio executives considered the concept "a bad joke".

In early 1999, after filming had concluded the previous December, David Fincher edited the footage to prepare Fight Club for a preliminary screening with senior executives. They did not receive the film positively, expressing concern that there would not be an audience that would watch it, and in a second screening two months later, second-tier executives also responded negatively to the film.^[35] Nevertheless, Fight Club was originally slated to be released in July 1999,^[36] later changed to August 6, 1999. The studio further delayed the film's release, this time to autumn, due to a crowded summer schedule and a hurried post-production process,^[37] although outsiders attributed the delays to the Columbine High School massacre earlier in the year.^[38] Wieden+Kennedy (W+K) is an independently owned American advertising agency best known for its work for Nike. ... is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... The Columbine High School massacre occurred on Tuesday, April 20, 1999, at Columbine High School in unincorporated Jefferson County, Colorado (the CDP of Columbine) near Denver and Littleton. ...

Marketing executives at Twentieth Century Fox faced difficulties in marketing Fight Club and at one point considered marketing it as an art film. Because of the film's violence, they considered it primarily geared toward male audiences and believed that not even the presence of Brad Pitt would attract female filmgoers. Research testing showed that the film appealed to teenagers. Fincher refused to let the posters and trailers focus on Brad Pitt and encouraged the studio to hire the advertising firm Wieden+Kennedy to devise a marketing plan. The firm came up with a bar of pink soap as the film's main marketing image, which was considered "a bad joke" by Fox executives. Fincher also released two early trailers in the form of faux public service announcements presented by Pitt and Norton which the studio considered as inappropriate introductions to the movie. Instead, the studio financed a $20 million large-scale campaign to provide a press junket, posters, billboards, and trailers for TV that highlighted the film's fight scenes. Fight Club was also advertised on cable during World Wrestling Federation broadcasts, which Fincher protested, believing that the placement created the wrong context for the film.^[35] Andrei Tarkovskys The Mirror Le Fantôme de la liberté, one of the last films by Luis Bunuel (1974), which depicts seemingly random events, disrupting the conventions of storytelling in film. ... Wieden+Kennedy (W+K) is an independently owned American advertising agency best known for its work for Nike. ... World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc. ...

Theatrical run

The film held its world premiere at the 56th Venice International Film Festival on September 10, 1999.^[39] The studio had hired the National Research Group to test screen the film, and the group had indicated that the film would gross between $13 million and $15 million for its opening weekend.^[40] Fight Club commercially opened in the United States and Canada on October 15, 1999 and earned $11,035,485 in 1,963 theaters over the opening weekend,^[41] placing it at #1 for the weekend and ahead of Double Jeopardy and The Story of Us, a fellow weekend opener.^[42] The gender mix of audiences for Fight Club, initially argued to be "the ultimate anti-date flick", was 61% male and 39% female, with 58% of audiences below the age of 21. Despite the top placement, its opening reception had fallen short of the studio's expectations,^[43] and over the second weekend, Fight Club dropped 42.6% in revenue, earning $6,335,870.^[44] The film, whose production budget was $63 million, went on to gross $37,030,102 during its theatrical run in the United States and Canada and earned $100,853,753 in theaters worldwide.^[41] The underwhelming North American performance of Fight Club soured the relationship between studio head Bill Mechanic and media executive Rupert Murdoch, eventually leading to the resignation of Mechanic in June 2000.^[45] The Venice Film Festival ( ) is the oldest film festival in the world. ... is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... is the 288th day of the year (289th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... Double Jeopardy is a film made in 1999 starring Tommy Lee Jones and Ashley Judd, about a woman who is framed for the murder of her husband. ... The Story of Us is a 1999 film starring Bruce Willis and Michelle Pfeiffer as a married couple of 15 years directed by Rob Reiner. ... Keith Rupert Murdoch AC, KCSG (born 11 March 1931) is an Australian born United States citizen who is a global media executive and is the controlling shareholder, chairman and managing director of News Corporation, based in New York. ...

For the UK release of Fight Club on November 12, 1999, the British Board of Film Classification removed two scenes involving "an indulgence in the excitement of beating a (defenseless) man's face into a pulp" and awarded the film an 18 certificate, limiting the release to adult-only audiences in the UK. The BBFC did not censor any further, having considered and dismissed claims that Fight Club contained "dangerously instructive information" and could "encourage anti-social [behavior]". As the board noted, "The film as a whole is—quite clearly—critical and sharply parodic of the amateur fascism which in part it portrays. Its central theme of male machismo (and the anti-social behaviour that flows from it) is emphatically rejected by the central character in the concluding reels."^[46] is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... British Board of Film Classification logo The British Board of Film Classification (BBFC), originally British Board of Film Censors, is the organisation responsible for film and some video game classification and censorship within the United Kingdom. ...

Home media

The two-disc special edition DVD was uniquely packaged to look like brown cardboard wrapper

The DVD for Fight Club was one of the first to be supervised by the film's director and was released in two editions.^[47] Working on the DVD for Fight Club was a way for the director to finish his vision for the film. 20th Century Fox's senior vice president of creative development, Julie Markell, explained how the DVD packaging complemented the vision: "The film is meant to make you question. The package, by extension, tries to reflect an experience that you must experience for yourself. The more you look at it, the more you'll get out of it." The packaging was developed for two months by the studio.^[48] The single-disc edition included a commentary track,^[49] while the two-disc special edition included the commentary track, multiple behind-the-scenes clips, deleted scenes, trailers, public service announcements, the promotional music video "This is Your Life", Internet spots, still galleries, cast biographies, story boards, and publicity materials.^[50] When the two-disc special edition DVD was first released, it was uniquely packaged to look covered in brown cardboard wrapper. Markell elaborated, "We wanted the package to be simple on the outside, so that there would be a dichotomy between the simplicity of brown paper wrapping and the intensity and chaos of what's inside."^[48] 20th Century Fox's vice president of marketing, Deborah Mitchell, described the design: "From a retail standpoint, [the DVD case] has incredible shelf-presence."^[51]

Fight Club won the 2000 Online Film Critics Society Awards for Best DVD, Best DVD Commentary, and Best DVD Special Features,^[52] while Entertainment Weekly ranked the film's two-disc edition #1 in its 2001 list of "The 50 Essential DVDs", giving top ratings to the DVD's content and technical picture-and-audio quality.^[53] In 2004, after the two-disc edition went out of print, the studio decided to re-release it due to fans' requests.^[54] The film grossed $55 million in video and DVD rentals.^[55] In March 2007, a two-disc DVD edition was also released in the UK, featuring four audio commentaries and restoring the two scenes previously cut by the British Board of Film Classification.^[56] The Online Film Critics Society (OFCS) , the professional association for film journalists, scholars and historians who publish their reviews, interviews and essays exclusively or primarily in the online media. ... Entertainment Weekly (sometimes abbreviated EW) is a magazine published by Time Inc. ... British Board of Film Classification logo The British Board of Film Classification (BBFC), originally British Board of Film Censors, is the organisation responsible for film and some video game classification and censorship within the United Kingdom. ...

Reception

Critical reaction

When Fight Club premiered at the Venice International Film Festival, the polarizing film caused a sensation and faced a wide array of opposing opinions from prominent critics.^[57] Janet Maslin of The New York Times praised Fincher's direction and editing of the film. She also noted that Fight Club carried a message of "contemporary manhood", and that, if not watched closely, the film could be misconstrued as an endorsement of violence and nihilism.^[58] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times called Fight Club "visceral and hard-edged", as well as "a thrill ride masquerading as philosophy" that most audiences would not appreciate.^[59] Ebert later acknowledged that the film was "beloved by most, not by me".^[60] Jay Carr of The Boston Globe thought that the film began with an "invigoratingly nervy and imaginative buzz", but that it eventually became "explosively silly".^[61] David Ansen of Newsweek described Fight Club as "an outrageous mixture of brilliant technique, puerile philosophizing, trenchant satire and sensory overload" and thought that the ending was too pretentious.^[62] The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom (and the Kingdom of Great Britain before the United Kingdom existed) since 1788 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. ... The Venice Film Festival (Mostra Internazionale dArte Cinematografica) takes place every year in late August/early September on the Lido di Venezia in the historic Palazzo del Cinema on the Lungomare Marconi, in Venice, Italy. ... Janet Maslin (b. ... The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ... This article is about the philosophical position. ... Roger Joseph Ebert (born June 18, 1942) is a Pulitzer Prize-winning American film critic. ... The Chicago Sun-Times is an American daily newspaper published in Chicago. ... The Boston Globe (and Boston Sunday Globe) is the most widely circulated daily newspaper in Boston, Massachusetts and New England. ... The Newsweek logo Newsweek is a weekly news magazine published in New York City and distributed throughout the United States and internationally. ...

Richard Schickel of Time described the director's mise en scène as dark and damp, noting, "It enforces the contrast between the sterilities of his characters' aboveground life and their underground one. Water, even when it's polluted, is the source of life; blood, even when it's carelessly spilled, is the symbol of life being fully lived. To put his point simply: it's better to be wet than dry." Schickel applauded the performances of Brad Pitt and Edward Norton, but he criticized the film's "conventionally gimmicky" unfolding and the failure to make Helena Bonham Carter's character interesting.^[63] TIME redirects here. ... Mise en scène [mizɑ̃sÉ›n] has been called film criticisms grand undefined term, but that is not because of a lack of definitions. ...

David Edelstein of Slate thought that Fight Club was "sensationalism that mistakes itself for satire" and criticized the film's sporadic exploration of satiric ideas. Edelstein did not consider the message of Fight Club to be revolutionary, believing that it had already been presented in punk culture. Edelstein considered Edward Norton's performance "marvelous" and thought that Brad Pitt played well into the embodiment of conceit, but the critic believed that the film failed to utilize any female or African-American perspectives.^[64] Slate is an online news and culture magazine created in 1996 by former New Republic editor Michael Kinsley and owned by Microsoft (as part of MSN). ... Punk culture as it is seen today started in the mid 1970s as a movement or rebellion against some styles of music which existed at the time such as Prog Rock and Heavy Metal whose stars were seen as out of touch with their fans. ...

Jeff Vice of the Deseret Morning News described the film as an Ernest Hemingway novel reinterpreted by Ken Kesey and thought that Fight Club was buoyed by the cast, particularly Edward Norton, who "turns in a terrific performance that veers from intense to horrifying to likably comical and back again". Vice described the first two-thirds of the film to be "exhilarating, if disturbing", though he believed that the final third petered out.^[65] The Deseret Morning News is a newspaper published in Salt Lake City, Utah, and Utahs oldest continually published daily newspaper. ... Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 — July 2, 1961) was an American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist. ... Kenneth Elton Kesey (September 17, 1935 – November 10, 2001) was an American author, best known for his novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, and as a counter-cultural figure who, some consider, was a link between the beat generation of the 1950s and the hippies of the 1960s. ... Ed Norton redirects here. ...

Feminist author Susan Faludi, who wrote Stiffed: The Betrayal of the American Man, described Fight Club as an "incisive gender drama", comparing its message to the 1991 film Thelma & Louise. Faludi also considered Fight Club a "savagely violent reprise" of the film American Beauty (1999) but commented that Fincher's film "delves deeper for a response". The author believed that Fight Club critiqued the "necessarily intramural" revolution and that the film ultimately renounced violence and adolescent fraternity. Faludi said, "For all its chaotic darkness, Fight Club ends up as a quasi-feminist tale, seen through masculine eyes."^[66] Susan C. Faludi (born April 18, 1959 ) ) is a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and author of two well-known books and won a Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Journalism in 1991, for a report on the leveraged buy-out of Safeway Stores, Inc. ... Thelma & Louise is a 1991 film, written by Callie Khouri and directed by Ridley Scott. ... American Beauty is a 1999 drama film that explores themes of romantic and paternal love, freedom, sexuality, beauty, self-liberation, existentialism, the search for happiness, and family against the backdrop of modern American suburbia. ...

Since its theatrical run, the film has been received more favorably. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, Fight Club received 80% overall approval out of 123 reviews from critics, with a "Cream of the Crop" rating of 65% out of 23 reviews from major media outlets.^[67] On Metacritic, Fight Club received 66% approval based on 35 reviews.^[68] This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Metacritic is a website that collates reviews of music albums, games, movies, TV shows, DVDs and books. ...

Awards and nominations

Fight Club was nominated for the 2000 Academy Award for Sound Editing, as well as the Golden Reel Award for Best Sound Editing, but it lost in both contests to The Matrix (1999).^[69][70] Actress Helena Bonham Carter won the 2000 Empire Award for Best British Actress.^[71] The Online Film Critics Society also nominated Fight Club for Best Film, Best Director, Best Actor (Edward Norton), Best Editing, and Best Adapted Screenplay (Uhls).^[72] Though the film won none of the awards, the society listed Fight Club as one of the top ten films of 1999.^[73] The soundtrack for Fight Club received a nomination for a BRIT Award, which lost to Notting Hill.^[74] The Academy Award of Merit for Best Sound Editing is an Academy Award granted yearly to a film exhibiting the finest or most aesthetic sound editing or sound design. ... The MPSE Golden Reel Award is an award presented by the organization of Motion Picture Sound Editors in categories related to the craft of audio post production, such as Sound Editing, Music Editing, Dialog Editing, and Sound Effect Editing. The award was first presented in 1953 and has continued into... This article is about the 1999 film. ... Helena Bonham Carter (born 26 May 1966) is an Academy Award- and Golden Globe-nominated English actress, known for her portrayals of Bellatrix Lestrange in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Marla Singer in the film Fight Club, her Oscar-nominated performance as Kate Croy in The Wings... Since 1996, Empire—Britains biggest selling film magazine—has organised the annual Empire Movie Awards. ... The Online Film Critics Society (OFCS) , the professional association for film journalists, scholars and historians who publish their reviews, interviews and essays exclusively or primarily in the online media. ... The Brit Awards are the annual United Kingdom pop music awards founded by the British Phonographic Industry. ... Notting Hill is a 1999 romantic comedy film set in the Notting Hill district of London, England, UK. The screenplay was written by Richard Curtis who had previously written Four Weddings and a Funeral. ...

In 2004 and 2006, Fight Club was voted by Empire readers as the ninth and eighth greatest film of all time, respectively,^[75][76] while the UK film magazine Total Film ranked Fight Club as "The Greatest Film of our Lifetime" in 2007 during the magazine's tenth anniversary.^[77] In 2007, Premiere selected Tyler Durden's line, "The first rule of Fight Club is you do not talk about Fight Club," as the 27th greatest movie line of all time.^[78] Empire is a British film magazine published monthly by Emap Consumer Media since July 1989. ... Total Film, published by Future Publishing, is the United Kingdoms second best-selling film magazine, after the longer-established Empire from Emap. ... Premiere is an American and New York City-based film magazine published by Hachette Filipacchi Médias, beginning publication in 1987. ...

Cultural impact

Fight Club was considered one of the most controversial and talked-about films of 1999.^[21][80] The film has been perceived as the forerunner of a new mood in American political life. Like other 1999 films Magnolia, Being John Malkovich, and Three Kings, Fight Club has also been recognized as an innovation in cinematic form and style.^[81] Following its initial release, Fight Club grew in popularity via word of mouth,^[82] and the positive reception of the DVD established it as a cult film that Newsweek conjectured would enjoy "perennial" fame.^[83][84] The success of the film has also propelled the novel's author Chuck Palahniuk to global renown.^[85] Magnolia is a 1999 American drama film, written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson. ... Being John Malkovich is a 1999 film written by Charlie Kaufman and directed by Spike Jonze. ... Three Kings is a 1999 American film written and directed by David O. Russell from a story by John Ridley about a gold heist in the style of Kellys Heroes. ... For other uses, see Word of mouth (disambiguation). ... A cult film is a film that has acquired a highly devoted but relatively small group of fans. ... Charles Michael Chuck Palahniuk (pronounced )[1] (born February 21, 1962) is an American satirical novelist and freelance journalist of Ukrainian ancestry born in Pasco, Washington. ...

The film has spawned several actual fight clubs in America since its release. A "Gentleman's Fight Club" was started in Menlo Park, California in 2000 and has members mostly from the high tech industry.^[86] Teens and preteens in Texas, New Jersey, Washington state, and Alaska also initiated fight clubs and posted videos of their fights online, leading authorities to break up the clubs. In 2006, an unwilling participant from a local high school was injured at a fight club in Arlington, Texas, and the DVD sales of the fight led to the arrest of six teenagers.^[87] An unsanctioned fight club was also started at Princeton University, and matches were held on campus.^[88] The film has also been suspected of influencing Luke Helder, a college student who planted pipe bombs in mailboxes in 2002. Helder's goal was to create a smiley pattern on the map of the United States, similar to the scene in Fight Club in which a building is vandalized to have a smiley on its exterior.^[89] Menlo Park is a city in San Mateo County, California in the United States of America, in the San Francisco Bay Area. ... High tech refers to high technology, technology that is at the cutting-edge and the most advanced currently available. ... For other uses, see Texas (disambiguation). ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... For the capital city of the United States, see Washington, D.C.. For other uses, see Washington (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Alaska (disambiguation). ... Arlington is a city in Tarrant County, Texas (USA) within the Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington metropolitan area. ... Princeton University is a private coeducational research university located in Princeton, New Jersey. ... Helder performing with Apathy in his hometown of Pine Island, Minnesota. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... For other uses of smiley and smiley face, see Smiley (disambiguation). ...

According to actor Edward Norton, one of his former professors from Yale University has reported being inundated with dissertations about Fight Club.^[82] The film has also been used as an academic tool at Northern Arizona University to introduce students to rhetorical analysis and argumentation.^[90] In addition, the film has been parodied in a re-cut trailer that converted the storyline into a "quirky love story" between Edward Norton and Helena Bonham Carter's characters. The Wall Street Journal noted that this parody trailer was "dominated by a distinctly nonprofessional voiceover".^[91] Ed Norton redirects here. ... Yale redirects here. ... This article is about the thesis in academia. ... Northern Arizona University (NAU) is a public university in Flagstaff, Arizona in the United States. ... A re-cut trailer, or retrailer is a parody trailer for a movie created by editing footage from that movie or from its original trailers, and thus are a form of mashup. ... The Wall Street Journal is an influential international daily newspaper published in New York City, New York with an average daily circulation of 1,800,607 (2002). ...

References

For the band, see 1997 (band). ... is the 231st day of the year (232nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Variety is a daily newspaper for the entertainment industry. ... Bold textReed Business Information is the largest business publisher in the United States and a division of Reed Elsevier. ... Condé Nast Publications, Inc. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 7th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Variety is a daily newspaper for the entertainment industry. ... Bold textReed Business Information is the largest business publisher in the United States and a division of Reed Elsevier. ... The Cable News Network, commonly known as CNN, is a major cable television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner. ... Time Warner Inc. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... is the 302nd day of the year (303rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... March 26 is the 85th day of the year (86th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Cover of an issue of Details magazine Details, a monthly mens magazine, is published by Condé Nast Publications. ... Condé Nast Publications, Inc. ... Premiere is an American and New York City-based film magazine published by Hachette Filipacchi Médias, beginning publication in 1987. ... Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S., Inc. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 197th day of the year (198th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Entertainment Weekly (sometimes abbreviated EW) is a magazine published by Time Inc. ... Time Inc. ... The Film Comment is a renowned film journal published by the Film Society of Lincoln Center. ... The Film Society of Lincoln Center based in New York City, United States, is one of the worlds most prominent film presentation organizations. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 82nd day of the year (83rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Calgary Sun is a daily newspaper published in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. ... Quebecor (written without an accent on the first e, even in French) is a Quebec-based company with two main spheres of activity: Quebecor World is the largest commercial printing company in the world, with 39 000 employees around the world. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... is the 283rd day of the year (284th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... David Leo Fincher (born August 28, 1962) is an American film director and music video director known for his dark and stylish films, particularly Fight Club and Se7en. ... William Bradley Brad Pitt (born December 18, 1963) is an Academy award-nominated American actor, film producer, and social activist. ... Ed Norton redirects here. ... Helena Bonham Carter (born 26 May 1966) is an Academy Award- and Golden Globe-nominated English actress, known for her portrayals of Bellatrix Lestrange in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Marla Singer in the film Fight Club, her Oscar-nominated performance as Kate Croy in The Wings... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 336th day of the year (337th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Empire is a British film magazine published monthly by Emap Consumer Media since July 1989. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 83rd day of the year (84th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The American Society of Cinematographers (ASC) is not a labor union or guild, but rather an educational, cultural and professional organization. ... The Post-Tribune of Northwest Indiana (formerly the Gary Post-Tribune) is a daily newspaper headquartered in Merrillville, Indiana, United States. ... Sun-Times Media Group (until recently Hollinger International) NYSE: SVN is the holding company of a Chicago based newspaper group. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 74th day of the year (75th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Entertainment Weekly (sometimes abbreviated EW) is a magazine published by Time Inc. ... Time Inc. ... The Star Tribune is the largest newspaper in Minnesota and is published seven days each week in an edition for the Minneapolis-St. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 88th day of the year (89th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Cinefex (launched in 1980) is a quarterly professional movie special effects magazine. ... Mark Frauenfelder Mark Frauenfelder is a weblogger, illustrator, and journalist. ... Wired is a full-color monthly magazine and on-line periodical published in San Francisco, California since March 1993. ... Condé Nast Publications, Inc. ... The Sarasota Herald-Tribune is a daily newspaper located in Sarasota, Florida. ... The New York Times Company (NYSE: NYT) is an American media company best known as the publisher of its namesake, The New York Times. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... March 26 is the 85th day of the year (86th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Yale Herald is a weekly newspaper run by students at Yale University. ... Yale redirects here. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... is the 281st day of the year (282nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Calgary Sun is a daily newspaper published in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. ... Quebecor (written without an accent on the first e, even in French) is a Quebec-based company with two main spheres of activity: Quebecor World is the largest commercial printing company in the world, with 39 000 employees around the world. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... is the 283rd day of the year (284th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Toronto Sun is an English language daily newspaper published in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ... Sun Media Corporation is the owner of several widely read Canadian tabloid newspapers. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... is the 283rd day of the year (284th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Dr. David Drew Pinsky (born September 4, 1958[1]), popularly known as Dr. Drew, is an American board-certified internist and addiction medicine specialist. ... Interview is a magazine founded by artist Andy Warhol and Gerard Malanga in 1969. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... is the 287th day of the year (288th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Salon. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 336th day of the year (337th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article concerns the British newspaper. ... Sir David Barclay and Sir Frederick Barclay (both born on 27 October 1934) are British businessmen. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 109th day of the year (110th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 120th day of the year (121st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... is the 288th day of the year (289th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Entertainment Weekly (sometimes abbreviated EW) is a magazine published by Time Inc. ... Time Inc. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... is the 168th day of the year (169th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Variety is a daily newspaper for the entertainment industry. ... Bold textReed Business Information is the largest business publisher in the United States and a division of Reed Elsevier. ... For other uses, see The Sunday Times (disambiguation). ... News International is a British newspaper publisher owned by Rupert Murdochs News Corporation. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... is the 262nd day of the year (263rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... is the 261st day of the year (262nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 318th day of the year (319th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Wall Street Journal is an influential international daily newspaper published in New York City, New York with an average daily circulation of 1,800,607 (2002). ... Dow Jones redirects here. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Box Office Mojo is a website that tracks box office revenue in a systematic way. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 318th day of the year (319th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Box Office Mojo is a website that tracks box office revenue in a systematic way. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 318th day of the year (319th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Variety is a daily newspaper for the entertainment industry. ... Bold textReed Business Information is the largest business publisher in the United States and a division of Reed Elsevier. ... Box Office Mojo is a website that tracks box office revenue in a systematic way. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 318th day of the year (319th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The New York Times Company (NYSE: NYT) is an American media company best known as the publisher of its namesake, The New York Times. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... is the 177th day of the year (178th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Variety is a daily newspaper for the entertainment industry. ... Bold textReed Business Information is the largest business publisher in the United States and a division of Reed Elsevier. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 113th day of the year (114th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Variety is a daily newspaper for the entertainment industry. ... Bold textReed Business Information is the largest business publisher in the United States and a division of Reed Elsevier. ... Twentieth (20th) Century Fox Film Corporation (known from 1935 to 1985 as Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation) is one of the six major American film studios. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 82nd day of the year (83rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Twentieth (20th) Century Fox Film Corporation (known from 1935 to 1985 as Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation) is one of the six major American film studios. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 82nd day of the year (83rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Bold textReed Business Information is the largest business publisher in the United States and a division of Reed Elsevier. ... The Online Film Critics Society (OFCS) , the professional association for film journalists, scholars and historians who publish their reviews, interviews and essays exclusively or primarily in the online media. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 82nd day of the year (83rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 19th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Entertainment Weekly (sometimes abbreviated EW) is a magazine published by Time Inc. ... Time Inc. ... other uses, see Gannet (disambiguation). ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 101st day of the year (102nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Variety is a daily newspaper for the entertainment industry. ... Bold textReed Business Information is the largest business publisher in the United States and a division of Reed Elsevier. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 63rd day of the year (64th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Guardian Media Group plc is a company of the United Kingdom owning various mass media operations including The Guardian, The Observer and the Manchester Evening News. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 89th day of the year (90th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom (and the Kingdom of Great Britain before the United Kingdom existed) since 1788 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. ... News International is a British newspaper publisher owned by Rupert Murdochs News Corporation. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Janet Maslin (b. ... The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ... The New York Times Company (NYSE: NYT) is an American media company best known as the publisher of its namesake, The New York Times. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... is the 288th day of the year (289th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 120th day of the year (121st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Chicago Sun-Times is an American daily newspaper published in Chicago. ... Sun-Times Media Group (until recently Hollinger International) NYSE: SVN is the holding company of a Chicago based newspaper group. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... is the 288th day of the year (289th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 82nd day of the year (83rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Chicago Sun-Times is an American daily newspaper published in Chicago. ... Sun-Times Media Group (until recently Hollinger International) NYSE: SVN is the holding company of a Chicago based newspaper group. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 236th day of the year (237th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 120th day of the year (121st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Boston Globe is the most widely-circulated daily newspaper in Boston, Massachusetts and in the greater New England region. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... is the 288th day of the year (289th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Newsweek logo Newsweek is a weekly news magazine published in New York City and distributed throughout the United States and internationally. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... is the 284th day of the year (285th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... TIME redirects here. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... is the 289th day of the year (290th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Slate is an online news and culture magazine created in 1996 by former New Republic editor Michael Kinsley and owned by Microsoft (as part of MSN). ... The Deseret Morning News is a newspaper published in Salt Lake City, Utah, and Utahs oldest continually published daily newspaper. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Newsweek logo Newsweek is a weekly news magazine published in New York City and distributed throughout the United States and internationally. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... 1211 Avenue of the Americas (Sixth Avenue), where News Corporation is based News Corporation (abbreviated to News Corp) (NYSE: NWS, NYSE: NWSa, ASX: , LSE: NCRA) is an American media conglomerate company and the third worlds largest. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 83rd day of the year (84th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Metacritic is a website that collates reviews of music albums, games, movies, TV shows, DVDs and books. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 82nd day of the year (83rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Fairbanks Center for Motion Picture Study building on La Cienega Boulevard in Beverly Hills, California Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study in the Hollywood, district. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 83rd day of the year (84th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the in-memory database management system, see In-memory database. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Empire is a British film magazine published monthly by Emap Consumer Media since July 1989. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 82nd day of the year (83rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Online Film Critics Society (OFCS) , the professional association for film journalists, scholars and historians who publish their reviews, interviews and essays exclusively or primarily in the online media. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Online Film Critics Society (OFCS) , the professional association for film journalists, scholars and historians who publish their reviews, interviews and essays exclusively or primarily in the online media. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... BBC News website in June 2007. ... This article refers to the news department of the British Broadcasting Corporation, for the BBC News Channel see BBC News (TV channel). ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... is the 62nd day of the year (63rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 106th day of the year (107th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Empire is a British film magazine published monthly by Emap Consumer Media since July 1989. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Empire is a British film magazine published monthly by Emap Consumer Media since July 1989. ... Total Film, published by Future Publishing, is the United Kingdoms second best-selling film magazine, after the longer-established Empire from Emap. ... Future Publishing (FTSE:FUTR) is a magazine publishing company based in Bath, UK. Future Publishing employs more than 1,500 people worldwide, and is one of the largest publishing houses in the UK. It is responsible for publishing over 150 magazines, in the UK, US, France and Italy. ... Premiere is an American and New York City-based film magazine published by Hachette Filipacchi Médias, beginning publication in 1987. ... Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S., Inc. ... The Daily Mail and its Sunday edition the Mail on Sunday are British newspapers, first published in 1896. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 126th day of the year (127th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Erie Times-News is a daily morning newspaper in Erie, Pennsylvania. ... Times Publishing Company is a newspaper and magazine publisher. ... This article is about the year. ... March 26 is the 85th day of the year (86th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Guardian. ... Guardian Media Group plc is a company of the United Kingdom owning various mass media operations including The Guardian, The Observer and the Manchester Evening News. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Guardian. ... Guardian Media Group plc is a company of the United Kingdom owning various mass media operations including The Guardian, The Observer and the Manchester Evening News. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 120th day of the year (121st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Cable News Network, commonly known as CNN, is a major cable television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner. ... Turner Broadcasting logo Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 82nd day of the year (83rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 192nd day of the year (193rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Newsweek logo Newsweek is a weekly news magazine published in New York City and distributed throughout the United States and internationally. ... The Washington Post Company (NYSE: WPO) is an American media company, best known for owning the newspaper it is named after, The Washington Post, and Newsweek magazine. ... For other uses, see The Independent (disambiguation). ... Independent News & Media plc (INM) is a media organisation based in Dublin, Ireland with interests worldwide. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 88th day of the year (89th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Associated Press, or AP, is an American news agency, the worlds largest such organization. ... USA Today is a national American daily newspaper published by the Gannett Company. ... other uses, see Gannet (disambiguation). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 149th day of the year (150th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... USA Today is a national American daily newspaper published by the Gannett Company. ... other uses, see Gannet (disambiguation). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Philadelphia Inquirer is one of a two Knight Ridder newspaper duopoly daily for the Philadelphia area. ... Philadelphia Media Holdings LLC is a group of local Philadelphia, Pennsylvania investors who formed to buy The Philadelphia Inquirer, the Philadelphia Daily News and the internet portal for both called Philly. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 157th day of the year (158th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 161st day of the year (162nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The weekly newsmagazine Insight, now defunct, was published by The Washington Times Corporation. ... News World Communications, Inc. ... For the newspaper founded in 1893 by William Randolph Hearst, see Washington Times-Herald. ... The Washington Post Company is an American media company, best known for owning the newspaper it is named after, The Washington Post, and Newsweek magazine. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 129th day of the year (130th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Wall Street Journal is an influential international daily newspaper published in New York City, New York with an average daily circulation of 1,800,607 (2002). ... Dow Jones redirects here. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Further reading

• Deacy, Christopher (January 2002). "Integration and Rebirth through Confrontation: Fight Club and American Beauty as Contemporary Religious Parables". Journal of Contemporary Religion 17 (1): 61–73. doi:10.1080/13537900120098165. 1353-7903. 
• Giroux, Henry A (December 2001). "Brutalized Bodies and Emasculated Politics: Fight Club, Consumerism, and Masculine Violence", Breaking in to the Movies: Film and the Culture of Politics (Paperback), Blackwell Publishing Limited, 258–88. ISBN 0631226044. 
• Giroux Henry A; Imre Szeman (December 2001). "Ikea Boy Fights Back: Fight Club, Consumerism, and the Political Limits of Nineties Cinema", in Jon Lewis: The End of Cinema As We Know It: American Film in the Nineties (Paperback), New York University Press, 95–104. ISBN 081475161X. 
• Linson, Art (May 2002). "Fight Clubbed", What Just Happened? Bitter Hollywood Tales from the Front Line (Hardcover), Bloomsbury USA, 141–56. ISBN 1582342407. 
• Martin, Kevin H. "A World of Hurt", Cinefex, January 2000. 
• Smith, Gavin. "Gavin Smith goes one-on-one with David Fincher", Film Comment, September/October 1999. 
• Waxman, Sharon (December 2005). Rebels on the Backlot: Six Maverick Directors and How They Conquered the Hollywood Studio System. HarperEntertainment. ISBN 0060540176. 
• Windrum, Ken (November 2004). "Fight Club and the political (im)potence of consumer revolt", in Steven Jay Schneider: New Hollywood Violence (Paperback), Manchester University Press, 304–17. ISBN 0719067235. 
• Wise, Damon. "Menace II Society", Empire, December 1999. 

A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... Art Linson (b. ... Cinefex (launched in 1980) is a quarterly professional movie special effects magazine. ... The Film Comment is a renowned film journal published by the Film Society of Lincoln Center. ... Empire is a British film magazine published monthly by Emap Consumer Media since July 1989. ...

External links

• Official site
• Anarchy in the USA at American Cinematographer
• Fight Club : A Ritual Cure For The Spiritual Ailment Of American Masculinity
• doppelganger: exploded states of consciousness in fight club at Disinfo
• Masculine Identity in the Service Class: An Analysis of Fight Club
• Fight Club at Metacritic
• Fight Club at Box Office Mojo
• Fight Club at Rotten Tomatoes
• Fight Club at the Internet Movie Database
• Fight Club at Allmovie