The winter Olympics were begun in 1924 and were held in the same year as the summer games until the 1994 winter games in Lillehammer, Norway, when the alternating cycles began.
A total of eight sports were included in the winter Olympics in 1998: biathlon (cross-country skiing and rifle marksmanship), bobsled, curling (for the first time), ice hockey (which included women’s hockey for the first time), luge (toboggan), figureskating, speed skating, and skiing (which, for the first time, included snowboarding as a medal sport).
The Olympic games are competitions of individual athletes, not of nations, and the IOC does not keep national scores; however, the media of all nations report national standings according to one of two scoring systems.
The 1908SummerOlympics, officially known as the Games of the IV Olympiad, were held in 1908 in London, England.
However, these have since been retroactively downgraded by the International Olympic Committee and thus the 1908 Games are seen as the start of the Fourth Olympiad, in keeping with the now-accepted four-year cycle.
The 1908Olympics also prompted the establishment of standard rules for sports, and the selection of judges from different countries, rather than just the host.
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