|
A file format is a particular way to encode information for storage in a computer file. A computer file is a collection of information that is stored in a computer system and can be identified by its full path name. ...
Since a disk drive, or indeed any computer storage, can store only bits, the computer must have some way of converting information to 0s and 1s and vice-versa. There are different kinds of formats for different kinds of information. Within any format type, e.g., word processor documents, there will typically be several different formats. Sometimes these formats compete with each other. Disk Drive is the afternoon show on CBC Radio Two. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
This article is about the unit of information. ...
The ASCII codes for the word Wikipedia represented in binary, the numeral system most commonly used for encoding computer information. ...
A word processor (also more formally known as a document preparation system) is a computer application used for the production (including composition, editing, formatting, and possibly printing) of any sort of viewable or printed material. ...
Generality
Some file formats are designed to store very particular sorts of data: the JPEG format, for example, is designed only to store static photographic images. Other file formats, however, are designed for storage of several different types of data: the GIF format supports storage of both still images and simple animations, and the QuickTime format can act as a container for many different types of multimedia. A text file is simply one that stores any text, in a format such as ASCII or UTF-8, with few if any control characters. Some file formats, such as HTML, or the source code of some particular programming language, are in fact also text files, but adhere to more specific rules which allow them to be used for specific purposes. JPG redirects here. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into image (disambiguation). ...
GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is a bitmap image format that is widely used on the World Wide Web, both for still images and for animations. ...
QuickTime is a multimedia framework developed by Apple Inc. ...
A container format is a computer file format that can contain various types of data, compressed by means of standardized codecs. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Plain text. ...
Image:ASCII fullsvg There are 95 printable ASCII characters, numbered 32 to 126. ...
UTF-8 (8-bit UCS/Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length character encoding for Unicode. ...
In computing, a control character or non-printing character, is a code point (a number) in a character set that does not in itself represent a written symbol. ...
HTML, short for Hypertext Markup Language, is the predominant markup language for web pages. ...
Source code (commonly just source or code) is any series of statements written in some human-readable computer programming language. ...
It is sometimes possible to cause a program to read a file encoded in one format as if it were encoded in another format. For example, one can play a Microsoft Word document as if it were a song by using a music-playing program that deals in "headerless" audio files. The result does not sound very musical, however. This is so because a sensible arrangement of bits in one format is almost always nonsensical in another. Microsoft Word is a word processing application from Microsoft. ...
This article is about the unit of information. ...
Specifications Many file formats, including some of the most well-known file formats, have a published specification document (often with a reference implementation) that describes exactly how the data is to be encoded, and which can be used to determine whether or not a particular program treats a particular file format correctly. There are, however, two reasons why this is not always the case. First, some file format developers view their specification documents as trade secrets, and therefore do not release them to the public. Second, some file format developers never spend time writing a separate specification document; rather, the format is defined only implicitly, through the program(s) that manipulate data in the format. Specification may refer to several different concepts: Specification (standards) refers to specific standards Specificatio - a legal concept Specification (regression) refers to the practice of translating theory into a regression model Category: ...
In computing, a reference implementation (or, infrequently, sample implementation) is a software example of a standard for use in helping others implement their own versions of the standard. ...
A computer program is a collection of instructions that describe a task, or set of tasks, to be carried out by a computer. ...
A trade secret is a formula, practice, process, design, instrument, pattern, or compilation of information used by a business to obtain an advantage over competitors within the same industry or profession. ...
Using file formats without a publicly available specification can be costly. Learning how the format works will require either reverse engineering it from a reference implementation or acquiring the specification document for a fee from the format developers. This second approach is possible only when there is a specification document, and typically requires the signing of a non-disclosure agreement. Both strategies require significant time, money, or both. Therefore, as a general rule, file formats with publicly available specifications are supported by a large number of programs, while non-public formats are supported by only a few programs. Reverse engineering (RE) is the process of taking something (a device, an electrical component, a software program, etc. ...
A non-disclosure agreement (NDA), also called a confidential disclosure agreement (CDA), confidentiality agreement or secrecy agreement, is a legal contract between at least two parties which outlines confidential materials or knowledge the parties wish to share with one another for certain purposes, but wish to restrict from generalized use. ...
Patent law, rather than copyright, is more often used to protect a file format. Although patents for file formats are not directly permitted under US law, some formats require the encoding of data with patented algorithms. For example, the GIF file format requires the use of a patented algorithm, and although initially the patent owner did not enforce it, they later began collecting fees for use of the algorithm. This has resulted in a significant decrease in the use of GIFs, and is partly responsible for the development of the alternative PNG format. However, the patent expired in the US in mid-2003, and worldwide in mid-2004. Algorithms are usually held not to be patentable under current European law, which also includes a provision that members "shall ensure that, wherever the use of a patented technique is needed for a significant purpose such as ensuring conversion of the conventions used in two different computer systems or networks so as to allow communication and exchange of data content between them, such use is not considered to be a patent infringement", which would apparently allow implementation of a patented file system where necessary to allow two different computers to interoperate.[1] For other uses, see Patent (disambiguation). ...
Not to be confused with copywriting. ...
Flowcharts are often used to represent algorithms. ...
An example of a GIF image. ...
PNG may stand for: Persona non grata, literally meaning an unwelcome person, is a term used in diplomacy with a specialised and legally defined meaning. ...
Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Identifying the type of a file Since files are seen by programs as streams of data, a method is required to determine the format of a particular file within the filesystem—an example of metadata. Different operating systems have traditionally taken different approaches to this problem, with each approach having its own advantages and disadvantages. See Filing system for this term as it is used in libraries and offices In computing, a file system is a method for storing and organizing computer files and the data they contain to make it easy to find and access them. ...
Metadata is data about data. ...
// An operating system (OS) is the software that manages the sharing of the resources of a computer. ...
Of course, most modern operating systems, and individual applications, need to use all of these approaches to process various files, at least to be able to read 'foreign' file formats, if not work with them completely.
Filename extension One popular method in use by several operating systems, including Mac OS X, CP/M, DOS, VMS, VM/CMS, and Windows, is to determine the format of a file based on the section of its name following the final period. This portion of the filename is known as the filename extension. For example, HTML documents are identified by names that end with .html (or .htm), and GIF images by .gif. In the original FAT filesystem, filenames were limited to an eight-character identifier and a three-character extension, which is known as 8.3 filename. Many formats thus still use three-character extensions, even though modern operating systems and application programs no longer have this limitation. Since there is no standard list of extensions, more than one format can use the same extension, which can confuse the operating system and consequently users. Mac OS X (IPA: ) is a line of graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. ...
CP/M was an operating system originally created for Intel 8080/85 based microcomputers by Gary Kildall of Digital Research, Inc. ...
This article is about the family of closely related operating systems for the IBM PC compatible platform. ...
VMS is a three-letter abbreviation with multiple meanings, as described below: Virtual Memory System (another name for OpenVMS), an operating system Variable message sign, an electronic traffic sign often used on highways Visual Memory System (better known as Visual Memory Unit), a storage device for the Sega Dreamcast console...
VM/CMS (Virtual Machine/Conversational Monitor System, originally called CP/CMS when it first appeared) is a bundled pair of operating systems used on IBM System/360, System/370, System/390, zSeries, and System z9 mainframes (and compatible systems). ...
Windows redirects here. ...
A filename extension is a suffix to the name of a computer file applied to show its format. ...
File Allocation Table (FAT) is a partially patented file system developed by Microsoft for MS-DOS and was the primary file system for consumer versions of Microsoft Windows up to and including Windows Me. ...
A 8. ...
One feature of this approach is that the system can easily be tricked into treating a file as a different format simply by renaming it—an HTML file can, for instance, be easily treated as plain text by renaming it from filename.html to filename.txt. Although this strategy was useful to expert users who could easily understand and manipulate this information, it was frequently confusing to less technical users, who might accidentally make a file unusable (or 'lose' it) by renaming it incorrectly. This led more recent operating system shells, such as Windows 95 and Mac OS X, to hide the extension when displaying lists of recognized files. This separates the user from the complete filename, preventing the accidental changing of a file type, while allowing expert users to still retain the original functionality through enabling the displaying of file extensions. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Shell_(computing). ...
Windows 95 is a consumer-oriented graphical user interface-based operating system. ...
Mac OS X (IPA: ) is a line of graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. ...
Magic number - See also: Magic number (programming)
An alternative method, often associated with Unix and its derivatives, is to store a "magic number" inside the file itself. Originally, this term was used for a specific set of 2-byte identifiers at the beginning of a file, but since any undecoded binary sequence can be regarded as a number, any feature of a file format which uniquely distinguishes it can be used for identification. GIF images, for instance, always begin with the ASCII representation of either GIF87a or GIF89a, depending upon the standard to which they adhere. Many file types, most especially plain-text files, are harder to spot by this method. HTML files, for example, might begin with the string <html> (which is not case sensitive), or an appropriate document type definition that starts with <!DOCTYPE, or, for XHTML, the XML identifier, which begins with <?xml. The files could also begin with any random text or several empty lines, but still be usable HTML. In computer programming, a magic number is a constant used to identify the file or data type employed. ...
Filiation of Unix and Unix-like systems Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX®) is a computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and Douglas McIlroy. ...
In computer science a byte (pronounced bite) is a unit of measurement of information storage, most often consisting of eight bits. ...
Image:ASCII fullsvg There are 95 printable ASCII characters, numbered 32 to 126. ...
Document Type Definition (DTD), defined slightly differently within the XML and SGML (the language XML was derived from) specifications, is one of several SGML and XML schema languages, and is also the term used to describe a document or portion thereof that is authored in the DTD language. ...
The Extensible HyperText Markup Language, or XHTML, is a markup language that has the same depth of expression as HTML, but also conforms to XML syntax. ...
The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a general-purpose markup language. ...
This approach offers better guarantees that the format will be identified correctly, and can often determine more precise information about the file. Since reliable "magic number" tests can be fairly complex, and each file must effectively be tested against every possibility in the magic database, this approach is also relatively inefficient, especially for displaying large lists of files (in contrast, filename and metadata-based methods need check only one piece of data, and match it against a sorted index). Also, data must be read from the file itself, increasing latency as opposed to metadata stored in the directory. Where filetypes don't lend themselves to recognition in this way, the system must fall back to metadata. It is, however, the best way for a program to check if a file it has been told to process is of the correct format: while the file's name or metadata may be altered independently of its content, failing a well-designed magic number test is a pretty sure sign that the file is either corrupt or of the wrong type.
So-called shebang lines in script files are a special case of magic numbers. Here, the magic number is human-readable text that identifies a specific command interpreter and options to be passed to the command interpreter. In computing, a shebang is a specific pair of characters used in a special line that begins a text file (commonly called a script) causing Unix-like operating systems to execute the commands in the text file using a specified interpreter (program) when executed. ...
This article or section should be merged with script programming language In computer applications, a script, roughly speaking, is a computer program that automates the sort of task that a user might otherwise do interactively at the keyboard. ...
An interpreter is a computer program that executes other programs. ...
Explicit metadata A final way of storing the format of a file is to explicitly store information about the format in the file system.
This approach keeps the metadata separate from both the main data and the name, but is also less portable than either file extensions or "magic numbers", since the format has to be converted from filesystem to filesystem. While this is also true to an extent with filename extensions — for instance, for compatibility with MS-DOS's three character limit — most forms of storage have a roughly equivalent definition of a file's data and name, but may have varying or no representation of further metadata. In computer science, porting is the process of adapting software so that an executable program can be created for a computing environment that is different from the one for which it was originally designed (e. ...
Note that zip files or archive files solve the problem of handling metadata. A utility program collects multiple files together along with metadata about each file and the folders/directories they came from all within one new file (e.g. a zip file with extension .zip). The new file is also compressed and possibly encrypted, but now is transmissible as a single ascii/text file across operating systems by ftp systems or attached to email. At the destination, it must be unzipped by a compatible utility to be useful, but the problems of transmission are solved this way. A file archiver combines a number of files together into one archive file, or a series of archive files, for easier transportation or storage. ...
Mac OS type-codes The Mac OS' Hierarchical File System stores codes for creator and type as part of the directory entry for each file. These codes are referred to as OSTypes, and for instance a HyperCard "stack" file has a creator of WILD (from Hypercard's previous name, "WildCard") and a type of STAK. RISC OS uses a similar system, consisting of a 12-bit number which can be looked up in a table of descriptions — e.g. the hexadecimal number FF5 is "aliased" to PoScript, representing a PostScript file. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Hierarchical File System (HFS), is a file system developed by Apple Computer for use on computers running Mac OS. Originally designed for use on floppy and hard disks, it can also be found on read-only media such as CD-ROMs. ...
A creator code is a mechanism used in pre-Mac OS X versions of the Macintosh operating system to link a data file to the application program which created it, in a manner similar to file extensions in other operating systems. ...
A type code is a mechanism used in pre-Mac OS X versions of the Macintosh operating system to denote a files format, in a manner similar to file extensions in other operating systems. ...
OSType (also known as FourCC or ResType) is the name of a four-byte type commonly used as an identifier in Mac OS. The four bytes could in principle have any binary value, though they are usually ASCII or characters from the Mac Roman character set. ...
HyperCard was an application program from Apple Computer that was among the first successful hypermedia systems before the World Wide Web. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
This article is about the unit of information. ...
For the literary term, see Postscript. ...
Mac OS X Uniform Type Identifiers (UTIs) -
A Uniform Type Identifier (UTI) is a method used in Mac OS X for uniquely identifying "typed" classes of entity, such as file formats. It was developed by Apple as a replacement for OSType (type & creator codes). A Uniform Type Identifier (UTI) is a string that uniquely identifies the type of a class of items. ...
Mac OS X (IPA: ) is a line of graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. ...
Apple Inc. ...
OSType (also known as FourCC or ResType) is the name of a four-byte type commonly used as an identifier in Mac OS. The four bytes could in principle have any binary value, though they are usually ASCII or characters from the Mac Roman character set. ...
A type code is a mechanism used in pre-Mac OS X versions of the Macintosh operating system to denote a files format, in a manner similar to file extensions in other operating systems. ...
A creator code is a mechanism used in pre-Mac OS X versions of the Macintosh operating system to link a data file to the application program which created it, in a manner similar to file extensions in other operating systems. ...
The UTI is a Core Foundation string, which uses a reverse-DNS string. Common or standard types use the public domain (e.g. public.png for a Portable Network Graphics image), while other domains can be used for third-party types (e.g. com.adobe.pdf for Portable Document Format). UTIs can be defined within a hierarchical structure, known as a conformance hierarchy. Thus, public.png conforms to a supertype of public.image, which itself conforms to a supertype of public.data. A UTI can exist in multiple hierarchies, which provides great flexibility. Core Foundation (also called CF) is a Mac OS X framework and API. CF provides: Primitive types for data (raw bytes, Unicode strings, numbers, calendar dates, UUIDs) and collections (arrays, sets, dictionaries) Application preferences management (CFPropertyList, Preferences Utilities) XML parsing Bundle handling File system I/O (CFReadStream, CFWriteStream, CFURL) Network...
In computer programming and formal language theory, (and other branches of mathematics), a string is an ordered sequence of symbols. ...
In the context of the Internet Protocol and the Domain Name System, a reverse lookup is often referred to simply as reverse resolving, or more specifically reverse DNS lookups. ...
PNG (Portable Network Graphics), sometimes pronounced as ping, is a relatively new bitmap image format that is becoming popular on the World Wide Web and elsewhere. ...
“PDF†redirects here. ...
In addition to file formats, UTIs can also be used for other entities which can exist in the OS X file system, including: It has been suggested that Crash counting be merged into this article or section. ...
- Pasteboard data
- Folders (directories)
- Translatable types (as handled by the Translation Manager)
- Bundles
- Frameworks
- Streaming data
- Aliases and symlinks
In computing, a directory, catalog, or folder, is an entity in a file system which can contain a group of files and/or other directories. ...
The HPFS, FAT12 and FAT16 (but not FAT32) filesystems allow the storage of "extended attributes" with files. These comprise an arbitrary set of triplets with a name, a coded type for the value and a value, where the names are unique and values can be up to 64 KB long. There are standardized meanings for certain types and names (under OS/2). One such is that the ".TYPE" extended attribute is used to determine the file type. Its value comprises a list of one or more file types associated with the file, each of which is a string, such as "Plain Text" or "HTML document". Thus a file may have several types. Extended file attributes is a file system feature that enables users to associate with computer files metadata not interpreted by the filesystem, whereas regular attributes have a purpose strictly defined by the filesystem (such as permissions or records of creation and modification times). ...
HPFS or High Performance File System is a file system created specifically for the OS/2 operating system to improve upon the limitations of the FAT file system. ...
File Allocation Table (FAT) is a partially patented file system developed by Microsoft for MS-DOS and was the primary file system for consumer versions of Microsoft Windows up to and including Windows Me. ...
The NTFS filesystem also allows to store OS/2 extended attributes, as one of file forks, but this feature is merely present to support the OS/2 subsystem (not present in XP), so the Win32 subsystem treats this information as an opaque block of data and does not use it. Instead, it relies on other file forks to store meta-information in Win32-specific formats. OS/2 extended attributes can still be read and written by Win32 programs, but the data must be entirely parsed by applications. NTFS is the standard file system of Windows NT, including its later versions Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008, and Windows Vista. ...
POSIX extended attributes On Unix and Unix-like systems, the ext2, ext3, ReiserFS version 3, XFS, JFS, FFS, and HFS+ filesystems allow the storage of extended attributes with files. These include an arbitrary list of "name=value" strings, where the names are unique, which can be accessed by their "name" parts. Filiation of Unix and Unix-like systems Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX®) is a computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and Douglas McIlroy. ...
Diagram of the relationships between several Unix-like systems A Unix-like operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, while not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification. ...
The ext2 or second extended file system is a file system for the Linux kernel. ...
The ext3 or third extended filesystem is a journalled file system that is commonly used by the Linux operating system. ...
ReiserFS is a general-purpose, journaled computer file system designed and implemented by a team at Namesys led by Hans Reiser who is referred to as the projects Benevolent Dictator for Life. ...
XFS is a high-performance journaling file system created by Silicon Graphics for their IRIX operating system. ...
JFS is a journaling filesystem created by IBM. It is available under an open source license. ...
In computing, the Berkeley Fast File System (or FFS) is a file system used mostly by BSD-derivative Unix variants. ...
HFS Plus or HFS+ is a file system developed by Apple Computer to replace their Hierarchical File System (HFS) as the primary file system used on Macintosh computers. ...
PRONOM Unique Identifiers (PUIDs) The PRONOM Persistent Unique Identifier (PUID) is an extensible scheme of persistent, unique and unambiguous identifiers for file formats, which has been developed by The National Archives of the UK as part of its PRONOM technical registry service. PUIDs can be expressed as Uniform Resource Identifiers using the info:pronom/ namespace. Although not yet widely used outside of UK government and some digital preservation programmes, the PUID scheme does provide greater granularity than most alternative schemes. PRONOM is a web-based technical registry to support digital preservation services, developed by The National Archives of the United Kingdom. ...
The National Archives building at Kew. ...
PRONOM is a web-based technical registry to support digital preservation services, developed by The National Archives of the United Kingdom. ...
A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), is a compact string of characters used to identify or name a resource. ...
It has been suggested that Digital obsolescence be merged into this article or section. ...
MIME types MIME types are widely used in many Internet-related applications, and increasingly elsewhere, although their usage for on-disc type information is rare. These consist of a standardised system of identifiers (managed by IANA) consisting of a type and a sub-type, separated by a slash — for instance, text/html or image/gif. These were originally intended as a way of identifying what type of file was attached to an e-mail, independent of the source and target operating systems. MIME types identify files on BeOS, as well as store unique application signatures for application launching. Look up mime in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is the entity that oversees global IP address allocation, DNS root zone management, and other Internet protocol assignments. ...
Due to technical limitations, /. redirects here. ...
Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...
BeOS is an operating system for personal computers which began development by Be Inc. ...
There are problems with the MIME types though; several organisations and people have created their own MIME types without registering them properly with IANA, which makes the use of this standard awkward in some cases.
File format identifiers (FFIDs) File format identifiers is another, not widely used way to identify file formats according to their origin and their file category. It was created for the Description Explorer suite of software. It is composed of several digits of the form NNNNNNNNN-XX-YYYYYYY. The first part indicates the organisation origin/maintainer (this number represents a value in a company/standards organisation database), the 2 following digits categorize the type of file in hexadecimal. The final part is composed of the usual file extension of the file or the international standard number of the file, padded left with zeros. For example, the PNG file specification has the FFID of 000000001-31-0015948 where 31 indicates an image file, 0015948 is the standard number and 000000001 indicates the ISO Organisation.
File structure There are several types of ways to structure data in a file. The most usual ones are described below.
Raw memory dumps/unstructured formats Earlier file formats used raw data formats that consisted of directly dumping the memory images of one or more structures into the file.
This has several drawbacks. Unless the memory images also have reserved spaces for future extensions, extending and improving this type of structured file is very difficult. It also creates files that might be specific to one platform or programming language (for example a structure containing a Pascal string is not recognized as such in C). On the other hand, developing tools for reading and writing these types of files is very simple. Pascal is a structured imperative computer programming language, developed in 1970 by Niklaus Wirth as a language particularly suitable for structured programming. ...
C is a general-purpose, block structured, procedural, imperative computer programming language developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories for use with the Unix operating system. ...
The limitations of the unstructured formats led to the development of other types of file formats that could be easily extended and be backward compatible at the same time.
Chunk based formats Electronic Arts and Commodore-Amiga pioneered this file format in 1985, with their IFF (Interchange File Format) file format. In this kind of file structure, each piece of data is embedded in a container that contains a signature identifying the data, as well the length of the data (for binary encoded files). This type of container is called a chunk. The signature is usually called a chunk id, chunk identifier, or tag identifier. Interchange File Format (IFF), is a generic file format originally introduced by the Electronic Arts company in 1985 (in cooperation with Commodore-Amiga) in order to ease transfer of data between software products produced by different companies. ...
With this type of file structure, tools that do not know certain chunk identifiers simply skip those that they do not understand.
This concept has been taken again and again by RIFF (Microsoft-IBM equivalent of IFF), PNG, JPEG storage, DER (Distinguished Encoding Rules) encoded streams and files, and Structured Data Exchange Format (SDXF). Even XML can be considered a kind of chunk based format, since each data element is surrounded by tags which are akin to chunk identifiers. The Resource Interchange File Format (RIFF) is a generic meta-format for storing data in tagged chunks. ...
PNG may stand for: Persona non grata, literally meaning an unwelcome person, is a term used in diplomacy with a specialised and legally defined meaning. ...
JPG redirects here. ...
DER or Distinguished Encoding Rules is a method for encoding a data object, such as an X.509 certificate, to be digitally signed or to have its signature verified. ...
SDXF stands for Structured Data eXchange Format. This Format is also published as an Internet RFC (see http://www. ...
The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a general-purpose markup language. ...
Directory based formats This is another extensible format, that closely resembles a file system (OLE Documents are actual filesystems), where the file is composed of 'directory entries' that contain the location of the data within the file itself as well as its signatures (and in certain cases its type). Good examples of these types of file structures are File systems, OLE Documents and TIFF images. Look up ole, olé in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
See Filing system for this term as it is used in libraries and offices In computing, a file system is a method for storing and organizing computer files and the data they contain to make it easy to find and access them. ...
Look up ole, olé in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
This article is about TIFF, the computer image format. ...
References - ^ Foundation for a Free Information Infrastructure. Europarl 2003-09-24: Amended Software Patent Directive. Retrieved on 2007-01-07.
is the 40th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 40th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 40th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ...
is the 7th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
See also An audio file format is a container format for storing audio data on a computer system. ...
This article discusses some common molecular file formats, including usage and converting between them. ...
A container format is a computer file format that can contain various types of data, compressed by means of standardized codecs. ...
A document file format is a text or binary file format for storing documents on a storage media, especially for use by computers. ...
PRONOM is a web-based technical registry to support digital preservation services, developed by The National Archives of the United Kingdom. ...
file is a program originated in Unix that runs under the shell (command-line) to determine the file type heuristically instead of other simpler ways to classify it, like with file extensions, MIMEs, etc. ...
A filename extension is a suffix to the name of a computer file applied to show its format. ...
A free file format is a file format that is free of any patents or copyright. ...
Future proofing is the act of trying to anticipate future developments and taking action to minimise possible negative consequences. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Comparison of graphics file formats. ...
This is a list of file formats used by archivers and compressors. ...
Image file formats provide a standardized method of organizing and storing image data. ...
This is a list of file formats organized by type, as can be found on computers. ...
With the development of gesture controllers, haptic systems, motion capture systems, etc, on the one hand, and with the need of allowing virtual reality systems to inter-communicate through control data, the question of gesture and motion takes more and more importance. ...
In computer programming, a magic number is a constant used to identify the file or data type employed. ...
In computer science, object file or object code is an intermediate representation of code generated by a compiler after it processes a source code file. ...
In computer science, object file or object code is an intermediate representation of code generated by a compiler after it processes a source code file. ...
An open format is a published specification for storing digital data, usually maintained by a non-proprietary standards organization, and free of legal restrictions on use. ...
TrID is a utility designed to identify file types from their binary signatures. ...
The term Freeware refers to gratis proprietary software with closed source. ...
Computer files are encoded in many different file types. ...
External links
 | This article or section may contain spam.
Wikipedia spam consists of external links mainly intended to promote a website. Wikipedia spam also consists of external links to websites which primarily exist to sell goods or services, use objectionable amounts of advertising, or require payment to view the relevant content. If you are familiar with the content of the external links, please help by removing promotional links in accordance with Wikipedia:External links. (You can help!) | |
Feeds |
Contact