Fipronil is the active ingredient in Frontline, a topical flea control commonly used on dogs and cats. It kills adult fleas before they lay eggs and claims to kill ticks at the larval, nymphal, and adult stages. Sebaceous glands in the skin serve as the reservoir and therefore does not become systemic.
It acts by binding to an allosteric site of GABAa receptors (of the insect), a form of non-competitive inhibition.
Acute oral LD50 (rat) 97 mg/kg Acute dermal LD50 (rat) >2000 mg/kg In toxicology, the LD50 or colloquially semilethal dose of a particular substance is a measure of how much constitutes a lethal dose. ...
Fipronil is also used in ant and roach baits in gel form. It allows enough time for the ants to bring the insecticide back to it's home and to kill the entire colony.
The IUPAC chemical name for Fipronil is 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-(trifluoromethylsulfinyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile, and its empirical formula is C12H4Cl2F6N4OS. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is an international non-governmental organization devoted to the advancement of chemistry. ...
Fipronil is neurotoxic in both rats and dogs as shown in the acute and sub-chronic screening in the rat, developmental neurotoxicity and chronic carcinogenicity studies in the rat and in two chronic dog studies(38).
Fipronil is carcinogenic to rats at doses of 300 ppm in males (12.68 mg/kg/day) and females (16.75 mg/kg/day)(40), causing thyroid cancer related to disruption in the thyroid-pituitary status(41).
Fipronil is associated with reproductive effects in rats fed 95.4% fipronil continuously in the diet at 300 ppm based on clinical signs of toxicity, decreased litter size, decreased body weights, decrease in the percentage of animals mating, reduction in fertility index, reduced post-implantation survival and offspring postnatal survivability, and delay in physical development(44).
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