Ferdowsi Tousi (فردوسی طوسی in Persian) (more commonly transliterated Firdausi) (935–1020) is considered to be one of the greatest Persian poets to have ever lived. Among the national heroes and the literately greats of all time, Ferdowsi has a very special place. His life-long endeavour, dedication and personal sacrifices to preserve the national identity, language and heritage of his homeland put him in great hardship in his lifetime but won him fame and honour for one of the great literally masterpieces of all time.
Ferdowsi was born in the Iranian province of Khorasan in a village near Tus, in 935. His great epic the Shahnama ("The Epic of Kings"), to which he devoted most of his adult life, was originally composed for eventual presentation to the Samanid princes of Khorasan, who were the chief instigators of the revival of Iranian cultural traditions after the Arab conquest of the seventh century. During Ferdowsi's lifetime this dynasty was conquered by the Ghaznavid Empire, and there are various stories in medieval texts describing the lack of interest shown by the new ruler of Khorasan, Sultan Mahmud of Ghaznavid, in Ferdowsi and his lifework. Ferdowsi is said to have died around 1020 in poverty and embittered by royal neglect, though fully confident of his work's ultimate success and fame.
His masterwork, the Shahnama is the most popular and influential manifestation of true Iraniannational epics. The Shahnama or the "Book of Kings," consists of the translation of an even older Pahlavi (Middle Persian) work. It has been a work of exceptional popularity among the Persians for over 1.000 years now.
Ferdowsi is one of the undisputed giants of Persian literature. After Ferdowsi's Shahnama a number of other works similar in nature surfaced over the centuries within the cultural sphere of the Persian language. Without exception, all such works were based in style and method on Ferdowsi's Shahnama, but none of them could quite achieve the same degree of fame and popularity as Ferdowsi's masterpiece.
Ab'ul Qasim Mansur (Firdausi) was born into a dehqan (farmer) class in the city of Tus which used to be close to what is now Mashad.
Firdausi led a modest life; however, he needed the support of a generous patron to advance his work.
During Firdausi's lifetime (940?-1020?), the only great patron of literature was Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni, who was a Turkish Sultan who conquered Central Asia during late 10th and early 11th century.
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