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Alternative article First English Civil War(1642–1646)

The First Civil War was pretentiously a religion-based war fought in France in 1562 and 1563. It was a part of a ceaseless struggle for mastery by the powerful house of Guise. The Huguenots lost the first great battle of the religious war at Dreux on December 19, 1562. The skill of Admiral Gaspard de Coligny saved the remnants of the Huguenots' army. The Duke of Guise was assassinated on February 18, 1563. The war ended when the Queen Mother concluded the Peace of Amboise on March 19, 1563. Amboise is the place where the name "Huguenot" was first applied to the Protestant party. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The French Wars of Religion were a series of conflicts fought between the Catholic League and the Huguenots from the middle of the sixteenth century to the Edict of Nantes in 1598. ... The First English Civil War (1642–1646) was the first of three wars known as the English Civil War (or Wars) which refers to the series of armed conflicts and political machinations which took place between Parliamentarians and Royalists from 1642 until 1652 and include the Second English Civil War... Events Earliest English slave-trading expedition under John Hawkins. ... Events February 1 - Sarsa Dengel succeeds his father Menas as Emperor of Ethiopia February 18 - The Duke of Guise is assassinated while besieging Orléans March - Peace of Amboise. ... The House of Guise was a French ducal family, primarily responsible for the French Wars of Religion. ... Dreux is a town and commune in northwest France, in the Eure-et-Loir département. ... Events Earliest English slave-trading expedition under John Hawkins. ... Gaspard de Coligny (February 16, 1519 – August 24, 1572), Seigneur (Lord) de Châtillon, admiral of France and Protestant leader, came of a noble family of Burgundy. ... Duc de Guise was a title in the French nobility. ... Amboise viewed from the Château dAmboise Amboise is a medieval town and a commune of France, in the Indre-et-Loire département, on the banks of the Loire River, 14 miles east of Tours. ...

The Huguenots had been proclaimed to be rebels. They received foreign aid in the struggle against their enemies. Admiral Gaspard de Coligny had embraced the Reformed church earlier, which led him to become one of the great leaders of the Huguenots. He sent an expedition to the New World in 1562 in search of a safe haven for the practitioners of his religion. Carte dAmérique, Guillaume Delisle, c. ...

A Second Civil War was Fought in France in 1567 and 1568. It was ended on March 23, 1568 by the Treaty of Longjumeau. The Third Civil War was concluded on August 8, 1570 by the Treaty agreed to at Saint-Germain-et-Laye. Eight civil wars were fought in the space of a generation. Events The Duke of Alva arrives in the Netherlands with Spanish forces to suppress unrest there. ... Events March 23 - Peace of Longjumeau ends the Second War of Religion in France. ...

Causes of the War

Protestantism had been unknown in France until about 1520 to 1523. John Calvin (1509-64), a Frenchman, exerted a powerful influence on the reform movement. Protestantism is a movement within Christianity, representing a split from the Roman Catholic Church during the mid to late Renaissance in Europe —a period known as the Protestant Reformation. ... John Calvin (July 10, 1509 – May 27, 1564) was a prominent Christian theologian during the Protestant Reformation and is the namesake of the system of Christian theology called Calvinism. ...

In 1559, delegates from 66 Protestant churches in France met at Paris in a national synod which drew up a confession of faith and a book of discipline. Thus was organized the first national Protestant church of France. Its members were thereafter commonly known as Huguenots, probably a corruption of Eidgenossen, the name of the Confederates of Switzerland and Geneva from whom the French drew so much of their religious thought and organization. Events January 15 - Elizabeth I of England is crowned in Westminster Abbey. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... In the 16th and 17th centuries, the name of Huguenots came to apply to members of the Protestant Reformed Church of France. ... Eidgenossenschaft is a German term that literally translated means confederacy of the oath. In a strict sense an Eidgenossenschaft is a confederacy of equal partners, which can be individuals or groups such as states, formed by a pact sealed by an oath on God. ... Geneva (French: Genève) is the second-most populous city in Switzerland located where Lake Geneva (French: Lac Léman, but the Genevois are fond of calling it Lac de Genève) empties into the Rhône River. ...

The era of the 1520s to the 1550s was a time of armed conflicts being fought in France. Henry II annexed the bishoprics of Toul, Metz, and Verdun in 1552. His three sons who succeeded him were incapable leaders. King Francis II (1544-60) was a very weak and feeble person whose characteristics allowed ambitious people to foment disastrous conflicts and wars. His brother, Charles IX was also an inept King who ruled from 1560-1574]], as was yet another brother, Henry III, who ruled from 1574-1589. Rulers with the title Henry II include: Henry II of Castile Henry II of England Henry II of France Henry II of Germany, also Holy Roman Emperor Henry II of Navarre Henry II, Duke of Saxony Henry II of Jerusalem (also Henry II of Cyprus) Henry II, Duke of Bavaria... In some Christian churches, the diocese is an administrative territorial unit governed by a bishop, sometimes also referred to as a bishopric or episcopal see, though more often the term episcopal see means the office held by the bishop. ... Cathédrale Saint-Étienne de Toul Toul is a historic fortified town of France, a sous-préfecture of the Meurthe-et-Moselle département. ... Location within France Rhine watershed Metz is a city in the North-East of France, capital of the Lorraine région and of the département of Moselle (57). ... Verdun (German: Wirten, official name before 1970 Verdun-sur-Meuse) is a city and commune in Lorraine, northeast France, in the Meuse département, of which it is a sous-préfecture. ... Events April - War between Henry II of France and Emperor Charles V. Henry invades Lorraine and captures Toul, Metz, and Verdun. ... Francis II (French: François II) (January 19, 1544 – December 5, 1560) was a King of France (1559 – 1560). ... Charles IX (June 27, 1550 – May 30, 1574) was born Charles-Maximilien, the son of King Henri II of France and Catherine de Medici. ... Events February 27 - The Treaty of Berhick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation of Scotland The first tulip bulb was brought from Turkey to the Netherlands. ... Henry III (French: Henri III; Polish: Henryk III Walezy; September 19, 1551 – August 2, 1589) was King of Poland (1573-1574) and subsequently King of France (1574-1589). ... Events Rebellion of the Catholic League against King Henry III of France, in revenge for his murder of Duke Henry of Guise. ...

Unfortunately, the Huguenot cause in France became involved in the rivalries of political factions. The massacre of the Protestants at Vassy on March 1, 1562 inflamed the Huguenots. François de Lorraine, second Duke of Guise may have instigated the massacre. Vassy is the name of several communes in France: Vassy, in the Calvados département Vassy, in the Yonne département This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Events Earliest English slave-trading expedition under John Hawkins. ... Duc de Guise was a title in the French nobility. ...

The Prince of Condé, Louis I de Bourbon (1530-69), had early accepted Protestant ideas, then threw in his lot with the Huguenots in 1559 upon the accession of Francis II. He fought in many battles from 1552 to 1569, when he was wounded, taken prisoner, and subsequently assassinated. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the name of Huguenots came to apply to members of the Protestant Reformed Church of France. ... Events January 15 - Elizabeth I of England is crowned in Westminster Abbey. ... Events April - War between Henry II of France and Emperor Charles V. Henry invades Lorraine and captures Toul, Metz, and Verdun. ... Events January 11 - First recorded lottery in England. ...