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The First Dáil (Irish: An Chéad Dáil) was Dáil Éireann as it convened from 1919–1921. In 1919 candidates who had been elected in the Westminster elections of 1918 refused to recognise the Parliament of the United Kingdom and instead assembled as a unicameral, revolutionary parliament called "Dáil Éireann". The establishment of the First Dáil was followed shortly afterwards by the outbreak of the Anglo-Irish War. After elections in 1921 the First Dáil was succeeded by the Second Dáil of 1921–1922. Irish stamp comemorating the first meeting of Dáil Éireann in 1919. ...
1919 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
1921 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative institution in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories (it alone has parliamentary sovereignty). ...
An Irish War of Independence memorial in Dublin The Anglo-Irish War (also known as the Irish War of Independence) was a guerilla campaign mounted against the British government in Ireland by the Irish Republican Army. ...
The Second Dáil was Dáil Éireann as it convened from 16th August, 1921 until 8th June, 1922. ...
1921 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
1922 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...
 First Dáil Laurence Ginnell (first from left, front row), Michael Collins (second from left, front row), Cathal Brugha (third from left, front row) Arthur Griffith (fourth from left, front row) Eamon de Valera (centre, front row), Count Plunkett (fourth from right, front row) Eoin MacNeill (third from right, front row) W.T. Cosgrave (second from right, front row) Kevin O'Higgins (first on right, third row) 1919 famous historic image regularly used on posters, leaflets, handouts to tourists etc EXTREMELY unlikely to be copyright (if it is, the entire country of Ireland has broken it continually for eighty years!) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired...
General election of 1918
Main article: 1918 general election in Ireland The Irish general election of 1918 was that part of the 1918 United Kingdom general election that took place in Ireland. ...
In 1918 the whole of Ireland was a part of the United Kingdom and was represented in the British Parliament by about one hundred MPs. From 1882–1918 most Irish MPs were members of the Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP) which favoured limited home rule for Ireland, achieved by a peaceful campaign for reform. This tactic managed to get a home rule law on the statute book but the implementation of this law was shelved with the outbreak of the First World War. In the meantime the more radical Sinn Féin party grew in strength. 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters of an electoral district to a parliament; in the Westminster system, specifically to the lower house. ...
1882 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...
In 1882 Charles Stewart Parnell, the leader of the Nationalist Party, formed the Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP), replacing the Home Rule League, as a parliamentary party with strict rules. ...
Devolution or Home rule is the pooling of powers from central government to government at regional or local level. ...
Missing image Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ...
The name Sinn Féin pronounced Shin-Feyn (in the Irish language ourselves or we ourselves; not as sometimes incorrectly translated, ourselves alone or we alone) has been applied to a series of political movements since 1905 in Ireland, each of which claim or claimed sole descent from the original party...
Sinn Féin's founder, Arthur Griffith, believed that nationalists should emulate the means by which Hungarian nationalists had achieved partial independence from Austria. In 1867, led by Ferenc Deák, Hungarian representatives had boycotted the Imperial parliament in Vienna and unilaterally established their own legislature in Budapest. The Austrian government had eventually become reconciled to this new state of affairs which became known as an Ausgleich or "compromise". Members of Sinn Féin also, however, supported achieving separation from Britain by means of an armed uprising if necessary. Arthur Griffith (Árt Ó Gríobhtha in Irish) (31 March 1871 - 12 August 1922) was the founder and first leader of Sinn Féin. ...
1867 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
Deák Ferenc, (October 17, 1803, Söjtör - January 28, 1876, Budapest), was a Hungarian statesman, known as The Wise Man of the Nation. He first went into politics in 1833 when he attended the assembly of Pressburg (now Bratislava) instead of his older brother. ...
Vienna (German: Wien [viːn]) is the capital of Austria, and also one of Austrias nine federal states (Bundesland Wien). ...
Budapest (pronounced BOO-dah-pesht, IPA ), the capital city of Hungary and the countrys principal political, industrial, commercial and transportation centre, has more than 1. ...
Between the Easter Rising of 1916 and the 1918 general election Sinn Féin's popularity was increased dramatically by the execution of most of the leaders of the 1916 rebels and by a botched attempt to introduce military conscription in Ireland. The party was also aided by the 1918 Representation of the People Act which increased the Irish electorate from around 700 thousand to about two million. The Easter Rising (Irish: Éirí Amach na Casca) was a militarily unsuccessful rebellion staged in Ireland against British rule on Easter Monday in April 1916. ...
1916 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) Events January-February January 1 -The first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled. ...
The Representation of the People Act 1918 widened suffrage by abolishing practically all property qualifications for men and by enfranchising women over 30 who met minimum property qualifications. ...
Voting in most constituencies occurred on 14th December and elections were held almost entirely under the traditional 'first-past-the-post' system1. In total Sinn Féin won 73 out of the 105 Irish seats in the Westminister parliament. Unionists won 26 seats, all but three of which were in the six counties that today form Northern Ireland, and the IPP won six. Twenty-five of the elected Sinn Féin candidates were unopposed and therefore returned without a ballot. Despite the large number of candidates elected unopposed, and evidence of widespread intimidation and electoral fraud on the part of Sinn Féin supporters, the elections were seen as a landslide victory for the party. (Redirected from 14th December) December 14 is the 348th day of the year (349th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
The first-past-the-post electoral system is a voting system for single-member districts, variously called first-past-the-post (FPTP or FPP), winner-take-all, plurality voting, or relative majority. ...
Northern Ireland is an administrative region and one of four constituent parts of the United Kingdom. ...
Once elected the Sinn Féin MPs chose to follow through with their plan of abstention from the Westminster parliament and instead assembled as a revolutionary parliament they called "Dáil Éireann": the Irish for "Assembly of Ireland". Unionists and members of the IPP refused to recognise the Dáil, and three Sinn Fein candidates had been elected in two different constituencies, so the First Dáil, when it met, consisted of a total of seventy Deputies or "TDs" 2. A TD or Teachta Dála (Irish for Dáil Deputy, pronounced chock-ta dawla) is a member of Dáil Éireann, the lower chamber of the Irish Oireachtas (pronounced orr-och-tas) or National Parliament. ...
Mansion House meeting The first meeting of Dáil Éireann occurred on 21st January, 1919 in the Round Room of the Mansion House: the residence of the Lord Mayor in Dublin. At this first, highly symbolic meeting the proceedings of the Dáil were conducted largely through Irish. The Dáil elected Cathal Brugha as its Ceann Comhairle (chairman or speaker). A number of short documents were then adopted. These were the: (Redirected from 21st January) January 21 is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1919 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
The Mansion House on Dawson Street, Dublin, is the official residence of the Lord Mayor of Dublin and has been since 1715. ...
Councillor Patrick (Pat) John Stannard, Lord Mayor of Oxford (2004). ...
Dublins Hapenny Bridge. ...
Charles William St John Burgess (Cathal Brugha) (18 July 1874-7 July 1922) was an Irish revolutionary, born in Dublin, who was active in the Easter Rising and the Irish Civil War. ...
The Ceann Comhairle is the chairperson or speaker of Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the parliament (Oireachtas) of the Republic of Ireland. ...
The Declaration of Independence asserted that the Dáil was the parliament of a sovereign state called the "Irish Republic", and so the Dáil established a cabinet called the Ministry or "Áireacht", and a elected a prime minister known both as the "Príomh Áire" and the "President of Dáil Éireann". The first, temporary president was Cathal Brugha. He was succeeded, in April, by Eamon De Valera. The Constitution of Dáil Éireann ( Irish: Bunreacht Dála Éireann), more commonly known as the Dáil Constitution, was a short, provisional constitution adopted by the First Dáil in January 1919. ...
The Declaration of Independence was a document adopted by Dáil Éireann, the revolutionary parliament of the self-proclaimed Irish Republic, at its first meeting in the Mansion House, Dublin, on 21st January, 1919. ...
In 1919 the First Dáil issued a Message to the Free Nations of the World. ...
The Democratic Programme was a declaration of economic and social principles adopted by the First Dáil at its first meeting on 21st January, 1919. ...
The color red and particularly the red flag are traditional symbols of Socialism. ...
The Aireacht or Ministry was the cabinet of the 1919-1922 Irish Republic. ...
The head of government under the Dáil Constitution adopted by the First Dáil of the Irish Republic in January 1919. ...
Eamon de Valera[1] (born Edward George de Valera, Irish name Éamonn de Bhailéara (October 14, 1882 – August 29, 1975), was an Irish politician, best known as a leader of Irelands struggle for independence from Britain in the early 20th Century, and the Republican opposition in the ensuing Irish...
Anglo-Irish War On precisely the same day as the Dáil's first meeting two members of the Royal Irish Constabulary were ambushed and killed at Soloheadbeg, in Tipperary, by members of the Irish Volunteers. This incident had not been ordered by the Dáil but the course of events soon drove the Dáil to recognise the Volunteers as the army of the Irish Republic and the ambush as an act of war against Great Britain. The Volunteers therefore changed their name, in August, to the Irish Republican Army. The Soloheadbeg incident is thus regarded as the opening act of the Anglo-Irish War. From its first meeting the Dáil also set about attempting to secure de facto authority for the Irish Republic throughout the country. This included the establishment of a parallel judicial system known as the Dáil Courts. The Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC), was one of Irelands two police-forces in the early twentieth century, alongside the Dublin Metropolitan Police. ...
County Tipperary (Tiobraid Árainn in Irish) is a county in the Republic of Ireland, in the province of Munster. ...
The Irish Volunteers (Óglaigh na hÉireann) were a paramilitary organization established by Irish Nationalists in 1913 to secure and maintain the rights and liberties common to the whole people of Ireland, and to enforce the imminent Home Rule Act. ...
There are several paramilitary groups which claim or have claimed the title Irish Republican Army (IRA) and advocate a unitary Irish state with no ties to the United Kingdom. ...
Shortly after its establishment the Dáil was declared illegal by the British authorities and thereafter met only intermittently and at various locations. The First Dáil held its last meeting on 10th May, 1921. After elections on 24th May the Dáil was succeeded by the Second Dáil which sat for the first time on 16th August. (Redirected from 10th May) May 10 is the 130th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (131st in leap years). ...
(Redirected from 24th May) May 24 is the 144th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (145th in leap years). ...
(Redirected from 16th August) August 16 is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
Legacy The First Dáil and the general election of 1918 have come to occupy a central place in Irish republican mythology. The 1918 general election was the last occasion on which the entire island of Ireland voted in a single election held on a single day, and the landslide victory for Sinn Féin was seen as an overwhelming endorsement of the principle of a united Ireland. Until recently many republican paramilitary groups, such the Provisional IRA, often claimed that their campaigns derived legitimacy from this 1918 mandate. Since 1998, when the Good Friday Agreement was endorsed in two referenda, held in both parts of the island, this claim has been much harder to make. The Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) is a paramilitary group which has attempted, through violence, to achieve two goals: British withdrawal from Ireland, the political unification of Ireland through the overthrow of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland and the creation of an all-Ireland socialist republic. ...
The Belfast Agreement (also known as the Good Friday Agreement and, more rarely, as the Stormont Agreement) was signed in Belfast on April 10, 1998 by the British and Irish Governments and endorsed by most Northern Ireland political parties. ...
Today the name Dáil Éireann is used for the lower house of the modern Oireachtas (parliament) of the Republic of Ireland. Many commentators, including, recently, Taoiseach Bertie Ahern, have suggested that despite the ambitious aspirations of the First Dáil, Irish independence only "really" began in 1922 with the foundation of the Irish Free State. Nonetheless, successive Dála (plural for Dáil) continue to be numbered from the "First Dáil" convened in 1919. The current Dáil, elected in 2002, is, as a result, the "Twenty-ninth Dáil". The Oireachtas is the National Parliament of the Republic of Ireland1. ...
The Taoiseach (plural: Taoisigh) or, more formally, An Taoiseach, is the head of government of the Republic of Ireland and the leader of the Irish cabinet1. ...
Patrick Bartholemew Ahern (Irish: Pádraig Parthalán Ó hEachtairn) (born September 12, 1951), commonly called Bertie Ahern is an Irish politician. ...
The Irish Free State (Irish: Saorstát Éireann) was (1922–1937) the name of the state comprising the 26 of Irelands 32 counties which were separated from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland under the Irish Free State Agreement (or Anglo-Irish Treaty) signed by British and Irish...
2002 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Prominent members Eamon de Valera[1] (born Edward George de Valera, Irish name Éamonn de Bhailéara (October 14, 1882 – August 29, 1975), was an Irish politician, best known as a leader of Irelands struggle for independence from Britain in the early 20th Century, and the Republican opposition in the ensuing Irish...
Michael Collins (Irish: Micheál Ó Coileáin; October 16, 1890 – August 22, 1922), an Irish revolutionary leader, served as Minister for Finance in the Irish Republic, as a member of the Irish delegation during the Anglo-Irish Treaty negotiations, as Chairman of the Provisional Government and as Commander-in-Chief of...
William Thomas Cosgrave, (June 6, 1880 - November 16, 1965) served as the first President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State from 1922 to 1932. ...
George Noble Plunkett (1851 — 1948) was an Irish nationalist and father of Joseph Mary Plunkett, one of the leaders of the Easter Rising of 1916. ...
Eoin MacNeill (May 15, 1867 - October 15, 1945) was an Irish scholar and revolutionary. ...
Arthur Griffith (Árt Ó Gríobhtha in Irish) (31 March 1871 - 12 August 1922) was the founder and first leader of Sinn Féin. ...
Charles William St John Burgess (Cathal Brugha) (18 July 1874-7 July 1922) was an Irish revolutionary, born in Dublin, who was active in the Easter Rising and the Irish Civil War. ...
Kevin Christopher OHiggins ( 7 June 1892- 10 July 1927), Irish politician. ...
Constance Georgine Markiewicz (1868?1927), was an Irish politician and nationalist. ...
Footnotes - The exception to the use of this system were the constituencies of Dublin University and Cork City. The two Unionist representatives returned for the University of Dublin (Trinity College) were elected under the Single Transferable Vote, and the two Sinn Féin candidates elected for Cork City were returned under the Bloc voting system.
- The three members elected for two constituencies were Arthur Griffith, Eamon de Valera and Liam Mellows.
For other uses of Cork, see Cork (disambiguation). ...
The College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity of Queen Elizabeth near Dublin or more commonly Trinity College, Dublin (TCD) was founded in 1592 by Queen Elizabeth I, is the only constituent college of the University of Dublin, Irelands oldest university. ...
The Single Transferable Vote, or STV, is a preference voting system designed to minimise wasted votes in multi-candidate elections while ensuring that votes are explicitly for candidates rather than party lists. ...
Bloc voting (or block voting) (also called Plurality-at-large) refers to a class of voting systems which can be used to elect several representatives from a single constituency. ...
Related topics The Third Dáil, also known as the Provisional Parliament or the Constituent Assembly, was the parliament of the post-partition twenty-six county Irish state which met from 9th September, 1922 until 9th August 1923. ...
External Link - Historical Dáil debates (http://historical-debates.oireachtas.ie/en.toc.dail.html) from official Oireachtas website (http://www.oireachtas.ie).
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