The First Encirclement Campaign (Chinese: 第一次围剿) was a series of battles launched by the Chinese Nationalist Government that intended to annihilate the Chinese Red Army and to destroy the Jiangxi Soviet. It was later responded by the Communist's First Counter Encirclement Campaign (Chinese: 第一次反围剿), in which the Red Army successfully defended their Soviet base in the southern Jiangxi against the Nationalist attacks from November 1930 to January 3, 1931. Combatants Nationalist Party of China Communist Party of China Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong Strength 4,300,000 (July 1946) 3,650,000 (June 1948) 1,490,000 (June 1949) 1,200,000 (July 1946) 2,800,000 (June 1948) 4,000,000 (June 1949) The Chinese Civil War... Image File history File links Made by uploader based on a large scale map of China by woodhome and hunry of the XZQH forums. ... Jiangxi (Chinese: 江西; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chiang-hsi; Postal System Pinyin: Kiangsi) is a southern province of the Peoples Republic of China, spanning from the banks of the Yangtze River in the north into hillier areas in the south. ... Look up November in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... January 3 is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jiangxi (Chinese: 江西; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chiang-hsi; Postal System Pinyin: Kiangsi) is a southern province of the Peoples Republic of China, spanning from the banks of the Yangtze River in the north into hillier areas in the south. ... Image File history File links Republic_of_China_Army_Flag. ... The National Revolutionary Army (NRA) (Chinese: 國民革命軍; pinyin: guo2 min2 ge2 ming4 jun1) was the national army of the Republic of China. ... Image File history File links Peoples_Liberation_Army_Flag_of_the_Peoples_Republic_of_China. ... Alternate meaning: Shining Path The Peoples Liberation Army (PLA); Traditional Chinese: 人民解放軍, Simplified Chinese: 人民解放军, pinyin: Rénmín Jiěfàng Jūn), including strategic nuclear forces, an army, navy and air force, serves as the military of... Image File history File links Republic_of_China_Army_Flag. ... Chiang Kai-shek (October 31, 1887 – April 5, 1975) was the Chinese military and political leader who assumed the leadership of the Kuomintang (KMT) after the death of Sun Yat-sen in 1925. ... Image File history File links Republic_of_China_Army_Flag. ... (1887-1935) Lu Diping,鲁涤平, a Chinese general and politician, was born in 1887 in Ningxiang, Hunan, China. ... Image File history File links Republic_of_China_Army_Flag. ... Image File history File links Peoples_Liberation_Army_Flag_of_the_Peoples_Republic_of_China. ... “Mao” redirects here. ... Image File history File links Peoples_Liberation_Army_Flag_of_the_Peoples_Republic_of_China. ... Zhu De ZhÅ« Dé (朱德, Wade-Giles: Chu Teh, zi: YùjiÄ“ 玉阶) (December 1, 1886 – July 6, 1976) was a Chinese Communist military leader and statesman. ... Combatants Nationalist Party of China Communist Party of China Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong Strength 4,300,000 (July 1946) 3,650,000 (June 1948) 1,490,000 (June 1949) 1,200,000 (July 1946) 2,800,000 (June 1948) 4,000,000 (June 1949) The Chinese Civil War... The Encirclement Campaigns were a series of campaigns launched by the Nationalist Government with the goal of destroying the developing Chinese Red Army during the early stage of Chinese Civil War betwen 1930 - 1934. ... Combatants National Revolutionary Army Chinese Red Army Commanders He Yingqin Zhu De Strength 200,000 30,000+ Casualties 30,000  ? The Second Encirclement Campaign (Chinese: ) was another series of battles launched by the Chinese Nationalist Government in hope to encircle and destroy the Jiangxi Soviet after the previous campaign have... Combatants National Revolutionary Army Chinese Red Army Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Zhu De Strength 300,000 30,000+ Casualties 30,000  ? The Third Encirclement Campaign (Chinese: ) was the third campaign launched by the Chinese Nationalist Government in hope to destroy the Red Army in Jiangxi. ... Combatants National Revolutionary Army Chinese Red Army Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Chen Cheng Cai Tingkai Zhu De Mao Zedong Wang Ming Zhou Enlai Bo Gu Li De Strength Around 500,000 70,000 Casualties 30,000  ? The Fourth Encirclement Campaign (Chinese: ) was the fourth campaign launched by the Chinese Nationalist... Combatants National Revolutionary Army Chinese Red Army Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Chen Jitang Wang Ming Zhou Enlai Bo Gu Li De Strength 500,000 under Chiang Kai-shek, 300,000 under Chen Jitang, 200,000 form other warlords of Manchuria, Sichuan, Hunan, Fujian and Guangxi. ... Combatants Nationalist Party of China and allied warlords Communist Party of China Commanders Chiang Kai-shek various, eventually Mao Zedong Strength over 300,000 First Front Red Army: 86,000 (October 1934) 7,000 (October 1935) The Long March (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ) was a massive military retreat undertaken... now. ... The Second United Front was the alliance between the Kuomintang and Communists during the Second Sino-Japanese War that suspended the Chinese Civil War from 1937 to 1940. ... The New Fourth Army Incident occurred during the Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), during which the Chinese Civil War was in theory suspended, uniting the Communists and Nationalists against the Japanese. ... Shangdang (上党) campaign was a series battles fought between the communist force under the leadership of Liu Bocheng and the nationalist Yan Xishan’s Kuomintang force from September 10, 1945 thru October 12, 1945. ... Combatants National Revolutionary Army Peoples Liberation Army Commanders  ?  ? Strength  ?  ? Casualties 16,000  ? The Longhai Campaign (Chinese: ) was series of battle launched by Peoples Liberation Army in Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Military Region against the National Revolutionary Army. ... Combatants National Revolutionary Army Peoples Liberation Army Commanders  ? Liu Bocheng, Deng Xiaoping Strength  ? 50,000 Casualties 17,000  ? The Dingtao Campaign (Chinese: ) was series of battle launched by the Peoples Liberation Army against the National Revolutionary Army in Dingtao region, Xuzhou. ... Combatants National Revolutionary Army Peoples Liberation Army Commanders  ?  ? Strength  ?  ? Casualties 35,000  ? The Zhengtai Campaign (Chinese: ) was a serie of battles launched by the Peoples Liberation Army around Zhengtai Railway in hope to connect the military region of Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei and Shanxi-Heibei-Shandong-Henan. ... The Liaoshen Campaign was an important series of battles in the Chinese Civil War fought in the north-eastern province of Liaoning. ... Combatants National Revolutionary Army Peoples Liberation Army Northeast and North China Field Army Commanders Zheng Dongguo Xiao Jingguang Strength ~100,000 100,000 Casualties unknown; ~330,000 civilian deaths minimal The Siege of Changchun (Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ChángchÅ«n Wéikùnzhàn) was a besiege... Combatants National Revolutionary Army Peoples Liberation Army Northeast Field Army Commanders Fan Hanjie Lin Biao Strength ~200,000 250,000 Casualties 20,000 deaths, 80,000 captured unknown Battle of Jinzhou (Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Jînzhou ZhÄ«zhàn) was a battle between the Peoples Liberation... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Combatants National Revolutionary Army Peoples Liberation Army Northeast and North China Field Army Commanders Fu Zuoyi Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan Strength ~500,000 1,000,000 Casualties ~520,000 (including non-combat losses) 40,000 Pingjin Campaign (Traditional Chinese: , Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: PíngjÄ«n Zhànyì), known as... Combatants Republic of China, National Revolutionary Army Peoples Republic of China, Peoples Liberation Army Commanders Tang Enbo Ye Fei Strength Roughly 40,000 garrisoned troops from the ROC 18th Army, air support from ROC Air Force, maritime support from ROC Navy. ... Combatants Republic of China Army Peoples Liberation Army Commanders Liu Lien-Yi (劉廉一) Hu Wei (胡煒) Strength Unknown from 221st Division, 67th Division, 75th Division 20,000 men+ from 61st Division with additional unit Casualties 2173 killed and wounded 3660+ killed 677+ captured The Battle of Dengbu Island (登步島戰役) was a conflict... Combatants Republic of China Army Peoples Liberation Army Commanders Wang Kuan-Yao (汪光堯) Ye Fei (葉飛) Strength 6000+ men from 75th Division 1,300 men+ Casualties Less than 100 500+ killed 700+ captured 3 torpedo boats sunk The Battle of Nanri Island (南日島戰役) was a conflict between the Republic of China Army... Combatants National Revolutionary Army Chinese Red Army Commanders Hu Lian 胡琏 Ye Fei 叶飞 You Meiyao 游梅耀 Strength 10,000 11,000 Casualties 2,664 killed 715 captured 1,250 total Dongshan Island Campaign (东山岛战役) was a series battles fought on the Eastern Mountain (Dongshan, 东山) Island, Fujian between the nationalists and the communists during... Combatants National Revolutionary Army Peoples Liberation Army Commanders Wang Shen-Ming (王生明) Zhang Aiping Strength 1000+ men 5,000 men+ 137 warship 184 planes Casualties 567 killed 519 taken as prisoners 393 killed 1024 wounded The Battle of Yijiangshan Islands (一江山島戰役) was a conflict between forces of the Republic of China... Combatants Republic of China Navy Peoples Liberation Navy Commanders 何德崇 Unknown Strength 1 Patrol Craft 8 Gun Boats Casualties 3 killed 4 wounded 4 Boats sunk 2 Boats damaged The Battle of Dong-Yin(東引海戰) was a naval conflict between forces of the Republic of China Navy and the Peoples... The Republic of China (Traditional Chinese: 中華民國; Pinyin: Zhōng huá mín guó) succeeded the Qing Dynasty in 1912, ending 2,000 years of imperial rule. ... Alternate meaning: Shining Path The Peoples Liberation Army (PLA); Traditional Chinese: 人民解放軍, Simplified Chinese: 人民解放军, pinyin: Rénmín Jiěfàng Jūn), including strategic nuclear forces, an army, navy and air force, serves as the military of... The Jiangxi Soviet, formally called the Chinese Soviet Republic (中华苏维埃共和国 Pinyin: Zhōnghuá SÅ«wéiāi GònghÄ“guó), also translated as the Soviet Republic of China or the China Soviet Republic, existed from 1931 to 1934. ... The Jiangxi Soviet, formally called the Chinese Soviet Republic (中华苏维埃共和国 Pinyin: Zhōnghuá SÅ«wéiāi GònghÄ“guó), also translated as the Soviet Republic of China or the China Soviet Republic, existed from 1931 to 1934. ... Jiangxi (Chinese: 江西; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chiang-hsi; Postal System Pinyin: Kiangsi) is a southern province of the Peoples Republic of China, spanning from the banks of the Yangtze River in the north into hillier areas in the south. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... January 3 is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Prelude

The plan of the campaign was already in process in the mid August 1930, as Chiang Kai-shek had directed He Yingqing, the commander of Wuhan headquarter to hold the conference at Hankou on how to suppress the communists in the Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces. Decision was made to concentrate on the military, with less emphasis on the politics, and to launch multiple attacks on main communist base, the Jiangxi Soviet. The plan was temporarily interrupted by the Central Plains War, and when Chiang’s victory was certain by October 1930, he immediately redeployed his troops in preparation to exterminate communists with in 3 to 6 months. He Yingqin He Yingqin (何应钦 in Chinese) (April 2, 1890 - October 21, 1987), was one of the senior generals of Kuomintang in early stage, and a close ally of Chiang Kai-shek. ... ‹ The template below (Expand) is being considered for deletion. ... Hankou (漢口; pinyin: Hànkǒu; Wade-Giles: Hankow) is one of the three towns, together with Wuchang and Hanyang, which are included in modern day Wuhan, the capital of the Hubei province, in China. ...   (Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a province of China, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting (hence the name Hunan, meaning south of the lake). Hunan is sometimes called 湘 (pinyin: Xiāng) for short, after the Xiang River which runs through the province. ... Hubei (Chinese: 湖北; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hu-pei; Postal System Pinyin: Hupeh) is a central province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... A province is a territorial unit, almost always a country subdivision. ... Combatants Forces of Chiang Kai-shek Forces of the coalition of Yan Xishan, Feng Yuxiang and Li Zongren Commanders Han Fuju, Liu Zhi Yan Xishan, Feng Yuxiang, Li Zongren Strength 600,000 800,000 Casualties ~95,000+ ~150,000+ Central Plains War (Traditional Chinese: 中原大戰; Simplified Chinese: 中原大战; pinyin: Zhōngyúan...

Nationalist strategy planned for the 1st phase

Chiang Kai-shek appointed the nationalist Jiangxi provincial governor and the commander of the 9th Route Army, Lu Diping (鲁涤平) to organize the nationalist troops for redeployment. On November 2, 1930, Lu Diping organized the nationalist troops that totaled 7 divisions and 1 brigade into 3 Columns, and reinforcement in the form of Chiang Kai-shek's own troops departed from Hunan, while the Nineteenth Route Army departed from Wuhan by October 20, 1930. Lu Diping set a deadline on November 5, 1930, by which the nationalist troops must be reach their designated deployment areas, and the nationalist order of battle was: This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... November 2 is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 59 days remaining. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Symbol of the Polish 1st Legions Infantry Division in NATO code A division is a large military unit or formation usually consisting of around ten to twenty thousand soldiers. ... In military science a brigade is a military unit that is part of a division and includes regiments (where that level exists), or (in modern armies) is composed of several battalions (typically two to four) and directly attached supporting units. ... A military column is a formation of soldiers, marching together single file, one behind another. ... October 20 is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Commander-in-chief: Chiang Kai-shek

• Deputy commander-in-chief: Lu Diping
• Frontline commander-in-chief: Zhang Huizan (张辉瓒)

• The 1st Column:
  • 13th Division deployed at Linchuan
  • 18th Division deployed at Zhangshu
  • 24th Division deployed on the northern banks of Gan River, northwest of Fengcheng, Jiangxi

• The 2nd Column:
  • 50th Division deployed at Western Mountain (西山)
  • 14th Independent brigade deployed at Jingan (靖安)

• The 3rd Column:
  • 5th Division deployed at Gaoan (高安)
  • 77th Division deployed at Shanggao (上高)

• Strategic reserve:
  • 8th Division deployed at Nanchang

The nationalists totaled over 100,000 and planned to crush the communists in the Linjiang (临江) region. Fuzhou (Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) is a prefecture-level city in Jiangxi province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Zhangshu (Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a county level city in Yichun, west-central Jiangxi province. ... The Gan River (Chinese: 赣江; pinyin: ) of southern China travels 885 km north through Jiangxi before flowing into Lake Poyang and thence into the Yangtze River. ... Fengcheng (simplified Chinese:丰城; pinyin: FÄ“ngchéng) is a county-level city of Yichun Chinas Jiangxi province. ... Nanchang (Chinese: 南昌; Hanyu Pinyin: ) is the capital of Jiangxi Province in southeastern China. ...

Communist strategy planned for the 1st phase

The communists originally disagreed on how to defend Jiangxi Soviet. In numerous debates, many believed in the decision made in early August 1930 which suggested that the majority of the 40,000 strong Chinese Red Army should strike Nanchang and Jiujiang, forcing the nationalists on the defensive, thus abandoning the encirclement campaign. However, the general commissar of the Chinese Red Army, Mao Zedong opposed the idea, accurately pointed out that the numerically and technically inferior communist force was in no place to leave the communist base and take major cities in the nationalist heartland. Instead, the communists should fight the enemy within the Jiangxi Soviet and defeat the enemy with the support of the people. Mao Zedong finally prevailed and on October 30, 1930 at the Luofang (罗坊) Conference, everyone eventually agreed with Mao that the Chinese Red Army should cross the Gan River and defeat the enemy on the eastern shore of the Gan River. Alternate meaning: Shining Path The Peoples Liberation Army (PLA); Traditional Chinese: 人民解放軍, Simplified Chinese: 人民解放军, pinyin: Rénmín Jiěfàng Jūn), including strategic nuclear forces, an army, navy and air force, serves as the military of... Jiujiang (Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a prefecture-level city located on the southern shores of the Yangtze River (Changjiang) in northwest Jiangxi Province, China. ... Commissar is the English translation of an official title (комисса́р) used in Russia after the Bolshevik revolution and in the Soviet Union, as well as some other Communist countries. ... “Mao” redirects here. ... October 30 is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 62 days remaining. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Gan River (Chinese: 赣江; pinyin: ) of southern China travels 885 km north through Jiangxi before flowing into Lake Poyang and thence into the Yangtze River. ...

First phase

As a result of the communist strategy, Zhu De, the commander-in-chief of the Chinese Red Army and the general commissar Mao Zedong lead the 3rd Legion, the 4th Army and the 12th Army of the 1st Legion crossed the Gan River, moved eastward to Xingan (新干)、Eternal Abundance (永丰)、Chongren (崇仁)、Yihuang (宜黄), letting the nationalists taking Qingjiang (清江), Xingquan (新淦), Yellow Earth Street (黄土街), Luofang (罗坊), Xinyu (新余), Fenyi (分宜) by early November 1930. Only the 3rd Army of the Chinese Red Army remained in the former communist region to harass the enemy via guerilla warfare, while Mao Zedong and Zhu De moved their troops toward Zhangshu and Linchuan. Fearing Zhangshu and Linchuan would be lost to the communists, Lu Diping ordered the 3rd Column to continue the attack in the western shore of Gan River, while the 1st and the 2nd Columns to cross Gan River to pursuit the major communist force. A strategy is a long term plan of action designed to achieve a particular goal, most often winning. Strategy is differentiated from tactics or immediate actions with resources at hand. ... Zhu De ZhÅ« Dé (朱德, Wade-Giles: Chu Teh, zi: YùjiÄ“ 玉阶) (December 1, 1886 – July 6, 1976) was a Chinese Communist military leader and statesman. ... Guerrilla (also called a partisan) is a term borrowed from Spanish (from guerra meaning war) used to describe small combat groups. ... Zhangshu (Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a county level city in Yichun, west-central Jiangxi province. ... The Gan River (Chinese: 赣江; pinyin: ) of southern China travels 885 km north through Jiangxi before flowing into Lake Poyang and thence into the Yangtze River. ...

After the crossing, the nationalists succeeded in taking Xingquan (新淦)、Chongren (崇仁)、Southern Town (南城)、Southern Abundance (南丰)、Jishui (吉水), Lukou (路口)、Oil Field (油田)，Donggu (东固)、Dragon Hill (龙冈) by mid November 1930. From November 18, 1930 to November 20, 1930, the nationalists took Ji'an, Jishui (吉水), Eternal Abundance (永丰), Yuean (乐安), Yihuang (宜黄)、Southern Town (南城). By early December 1930, the nationalist force was overstretched and stopped their offensives to regroup and re-supply. In the meantime, the communists planned their next move, and also regrouped and re-supplied first at Yellow Slope (黄陂), Little Cloth (小布), Luokou (洛口), and then moved to Pingtian (平田), Firewood Gathering Hill (砍柴冈), Anfuyu (安福圩) by mid December 1930. At the same time, the 20th Army of the Chinese Red Army acted as decoy in the Rich Field (富田)、Donggu (东固)、Dragon Hill (龙冈) regions to distract the enemy. A Communist counter-attack defeated the Nationalist force and drove them back. A stalemate was reached and both sides used this period to plan and prepare for the next phase. is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 20 is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jian (Chinese: 吉安; pinyin: Jíān) is a prefecture-level city in Jiangxi province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...

Kuomintang strategy planned for the 2nd phase

Chiang Kai-shek reached Nanchang in early December 1930, personally took the command and decided that all nationalist force would attack Donggu in mid December. More nationalist troops were mobilized, with Nineteenth Route Army from Wuhan joined the battle, and the 49th Division, 56th Division and the 2nd Independent Brigade attacking from Fujian, and the nationalist forced by then had been boosted to a total of 11 Divisions and 2 brigades, totaling more than 100,000. To better command the troops, Lu Diping was named as Chiang’s deputy, while Zhang Huizan (张辉瓒), the commander of the 18th Division was promoted to frontline commander-in-chief. The Kuomintang troops slowly begun their push to their objectives and the order of battle of the attacking nationalist force was: Nanchang (Chinese: 南昌; Hanyu Pinyin: ) is the capital of Jiangxi Province in southeastern China. ...   (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Fu-chien; Postal map spelling: Fukien, Foukien; local transliteration Hokkien from Min Nan Hok-kiàn) is one of the provinces on the southeast coast of the Peoples Republic of China. ...

• 77th Division attacking Anfu (安福) from Ji'an
• 49th Division and the 2nd Independent Brigade attacking Ruijin, Huichang
• 34th brigade of the 12th Division defending Ganzhou

• The 6th Route Army:
  • 8th Division attacking Guangchan (广昌)、Ningdu (宁都)、Yudu (于都) from Yellow Slope (黄陂)、Southern Abundance (南丰)
  • 24th Division attacking Dongshao (东韶)、Luokou (洛口)、Ningdu (宁都) from Chinese Alligator Lake (蛟湖)
  • 56th Division attacking Stone City (石城) from Jianning (建宁)

• The 9th Route Army:
  • 5th Division attacking Rich Field (富田), Donggu from Ji'an
  • 18th Division attacking Ancient County (古县)、White Sand (白沙), Donggu from Eternal Abundance (永丰)
  • 50th Division attacking Shaoxie (招携)、Tengtian (藤田), Dragon Hill、Donggu (东固) from Yuean (乐安)

• The 19th Route Army:
  • 60th Division attacking Wanan (万安) from Pingxiang, Jiangxi
  • 61st Division attacking Taihe (泰和) from Pingxiang, Jiangxi

Jian (Chinese: 吉安; pinyin: Jíān) is a prefecture-level city in Jiangxi province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Ruijin (Chinese: (瑞金,pinyin: rui jin) is a small city in the mountains bordering Fujian Province in south-eastern Jiangxi. ... Huichang (traditional Chinese: 會昌; simplified Chinese: 会昌) is a county, under the juridiction of Ganzhou, in Jiangxi province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Ganzhou (赣州) is a municipal unit, equivalent to a prefecture-level city in Jiangxi province, China. ... Jian (Chinese: 吉安; pinyin: Jíān) is a prefecture-level city in Jiangxi province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Pingxiang (simplified Chinese: 萍乡, pinyin: Píngxiāng) is a medium-sized prefecture-level city located in western Jiangxi province, China. ...

Communist strategy planned for the 2nd phase

The communists held a conference at Yellow Slope (黄陂) of Ningdu (宁都) county in the mid December 1930 to discuss their next move, and in order to solve the technical inferiority problem the communists had, Mao decided to independently crush individual enemy units in a single direction by concentrating the communist forces to achieve absolute numerical superiority. In the mean time, smaller local communist forces would take advantage of landscapes to slowdown other enemy units in different direction, preventing them from reinforcing each other. Mao’s idea was accepted, and the 35th Division of the 12th Army of the Chinese Red Army was sent to Yue Creek (约溪) region northeast of Xingguo (兴国) county to distract the enemy while the main force was concentrated to Yellow Slope and Matian (麻田) for the preparation of the upcoming battle.

Second phase

The stalemate ended on December 16, 1930 when the nationalist started the 2nd phase of their offensive. The 5th Division (later renamed as the 28th Division) and the 18th Division reached Donggu on December 19, 1930 and December 20, 1930 respectively. However, heavy fog and poor communication prevent the coordination between the nationalist forces and both Divisions mistaken the other as the communist force and battled each other with heavy artillery duels for nearly a day. It was not until the December 21, 1930 when the fog dissipated when the nationalist realized their mistakes, but hundreds of casualties were already inflicted. December 16 is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Kuomintang of China (abbreviation KMT) (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Tongyong Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung1-kuo2 Kuo2-min2-tang3) [1], also often translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party, is a political party in the Republic of China, now on Taiwan, and is currently the largest political party in... is the 353rd day of the year (354th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... December 21 is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

From December 24, 1930 thru December 28, 1930, the communist forces managed to stop most of the attacking nationalist forces: is the 358th day of the year (359th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• The nationalist 50th Division was stopped at Zhaoxie (招携)
• The nationalist 60th Division was stopped at Wangan (万安)
• The nationalist 61st Division was stopped at Taihe (泰和)
• The nationalist 24th Division was stopped at Caotaigang (草台岗)
• The nationalist 8th Division was stopped at New Abundance (新丰)
• The nationalist 28th Division (renamed 5th Division) was stopped at Triple Craters (三坑)
• The nationalist 18th Division was stopped at regions near Yinfu (因富) and Nanlong (南垄)

After the initial setback, the nationalist 50th Division continued their push, reaching River Origin (源头), and prepared to take Little Cloth (小布). Learning the news, the communists tried to ambush the nationalist 50th Division twice on December 25, 1930 and December 27, 1930 respectively, but both time failed because the nationalist troops were very cautious and would not leave their fortified positions in River Origin, and the communists were thus forced to withdraw and regroup, waiting for the next opportunity. This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... December 25 is the 359th day of the year (360th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 6 days remaining in the year. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... December 27 is the 361st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (362nd in leap years). ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Third phase

On December 28, 1930, Lu Diping ordered the five nationalist divisions within the heart of the Jiangxi Soviet to launch a general offensive toward Yellow Slope、Little Cloth, Matian (麻田) regions north of Ningdu (宁都). The nationalist 18th Division under the command of the divisional commander and the frontline commander-in-chief Zhang Huizan (张辉瓒) pushed toward Dragon Hill from Donggu. Once the Chinese Red Army learned the news, it was decided to use local militia and guerilla to stop and distract the nationalist 50th Division at River Origin, the nationalist 24th Division at Luokou (洛口), and the nationalist 8th Division at Head Slope (头陂), while the main force would concentrate on defeating the 18th Division. is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

On December 29, 1930, was the Chinese Red Army was on its way, the news of the nationalist 18th Division taking Dragon Hill reached the communists, and a battle plan was made to engage the enemy via a pincer movement: is the 363rd day of the year (364th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Left wing:
  • The 64th Division of the 12th Army of the Chinese Red Army would push to Watch Lake (表湖) by dawn of December 30, 1930, and with a portion of its force, taking the Blind Man’s Mountain (盲公山), thus cutting off the link between the Dragon Hill and Nanlong (南垄).
  • The main force of the 64th Division of the 12th Army of the Chinese Red Army would attack the 18th Division of the nationalist 9th Route Army from behind from Orchid Stone (兰石) and Maoping (茅坪).
  • The 35th Division of the 12th Army of the Chinese Red Army would push toward the region between Dragon Hill and Nanlong (南垄) from Yue Creek (约溪) before noon December 30, 1930, helping the 64th Division of the 12th Army of the Chinese Red Army attacking the enemy, and guard the communist force from possible nationalist attacks from Nanlong.
• Right wing:
  • The 3rd Legion of the Chinese Red Army would push to Wooden Crater (木坑) by the morning of December 30, 1930, and continued on to Shanggu (上固), attacking Dragon Hill.
  • The 4th Army of the Chinese Red Army would push to Xiagu (下固), and continue on to Huanpu (还铺), attacking Zhang's Family’s Cart (张家车) northwest of Dragon Hill, and guard the communist force from possible nationalist attacks from Xiagu (下固) and Tantou (潭头).
• Headquarter:
  • Chinese Red Army headquarter was moved to the Yellow Earth Ridge (黄土岭) near Short Separation (小别) to command the upcoming battle.

is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Fourth phase

On the morning of December 30, 1930, the 18th Division of the nationalist 9th Route Army begun their push toward Five Gates Ridge (五门岭) from Dragon Hill (龙冈), headed by the 52nd brigade. Around 9 AM, the most important battle of the First Counter Encirclement Campaign begun with the 7th Division of the 3rd Legion of Chinese Red Army firing the first shot when both side met at Short Separation, east of Dragon Hill. is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The first major battle

By noon of December 30, 1930, the entire 3rd Legion of the Chinese Red Army was devoted to the battle. Zhang Huizan (张辉瓒), the commander of nationalist 18th Division, still mistakenly believed that the opposing communist forces engaged were only guerillas harassing his troop, only devoted two more regiments in support of his 52nd brigade, mistakenly expecting the communist resistance would soon be swept away. By 3:00 PM, Zhang Huizan personally lead the charge of 4 regiments to clear the communist resistance, but was driven back. Taking the advantage, the 4th Army and part of the 3rd Legion of the Chinese Red Army took Zhang’s Family’s Cart, cutting off the nationalist 18th Division from Donggu (东固) and Yinfu (因富), attacking Dragon Hill from behind. In the meantime, the majority of the 3rd Legion of the Chinese Red Army took Shanggu (上固), thus cutting off the northwestern escaping route of the nationalist 18th Division at Dragon Hill, and preventing any nationalist reinforcement from northwest. is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Guerrilla (also called a partisan) is a term borrowed from Spanish (from guerra meaning war) used to describe small combat groups. ...

Learning the news, Zhang Huizan and his nationalist soldiers’ confidence rapidly decreased as they realized the dire situation they were in, and began their desperate attempt to escape. By 4:00 PM, the encirclement of the nationalist 18th Division was complete and the nationalist attempt to escape toward northwest was beaten back. The failure of the escape attempt crashed the nationalist morale and everyone was running for his own life, only to be captured alive by the communists, and Zhang Huizan was not able to command his troops for any organized retreat and counterattacks, and himself was taken prisoner by his communist captors. By 6:00 PM, it was all over for the trapped nationalists, the entire division was wiped out by the communists.

Consequence of the first major battle

The complete destruction of the 18th Division of the nationalist 9th Route Army marked the immediate end of the nationalist assaults, with the five nationalist divisions deep inside the Jiangxi Soviet immediately started to retreat back toward the nationalist positions. The communists, however, decided not to let the nationalists go that easily and planned another attack on their enemy. The Jiangxi Soviet, formally called the Chinese Soviet Republic (中华苏维埃共和国 Pinyin: Zhōnghuá Sūwéiāi Gònghēguó), also translated as the Soviet Republic of China or the China Soviet Republic, existed from 1931 to 1934. ...

Fifth phase

The 50th Division of the nationalist 9th Route Army became the enemy's next target as it begun its retreat toward Dongshao (东韶) from Southern Regiment (南团) on January 2, 1931. The communist headquarter decided on the same day to pursuit the enemy in three directions: is the 2nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Left wing:
  • The 3rd Legion of the Chinese Red Army would push to Head Slope, attacking Dongshao from north.
• Right wing:
  • The main force 3rd Army of the Chinese Red Army would push to Tianying (田营) to engage the 24th Division of the nationalist 6th Route Army, preventing it from reinforcing the 50th Division of the nationalist 9th Route Army at Dongshao, while a portion of 3rd Army of the Chinese Red Army would attack Dongshao from the east.
• Central:
  • The 12th Army of the Chinese Red Army would push to Southern Regiment and Linchi (琳池), attacking Dongshao from the west. The 4th Army of the Chinese Red Army would act as strategic reserve, following the 12th Army.
• Headquarter:
  • The headquarter of the Chinese Red Army would move forward to Longtan (龙坛) to command the upcoming battle.

The second major battle

On January 3, 1931, communist forces at the left and center reached Dongshao and started their attack, succeeding in driven the enemy from Dongshao by 3:00 PM. However, the communist force at the right failed to reach the battlefield, resulting in successful escape of the nationalist force, resulting in only a single brigade the nationalist 50th Division been decimated. January 3 is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Consequence of the second major battle

The battle of Dongshao was the second important battle during the First Counter Encirclement Campaign in that the communist victory marked the beginning of the nationalist general retreat after the battle from Jiangxi Soviet back to their original positions prior the campaign, thus abandoning all of the regions newly gained during the campaign. The communist First Counter Encirclement Campaign had succeeded.

Outcome

The communist victory decimated four nationalist brigades totaling more than 15,000 troops, capturing more than 12,000 guns and artillery pieces. The success of the communist First Counter Encirclement Campaign marked the Chinese Red Army’s transition from guerilla warfare to mobile warfare and accumulated important experience in conventional warfare, setting the funding pattern and model for the next three successful counter encirclement campaigns. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Artillery with Gabion fortification Cannons on display at Fort Point Continental Artillery crew from the American Revolution Firing of an 18-pound gun, Louis-Philippe Crepin, (1772 – 1851) A forge-welded Iron Cannon in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu. ... Alternate meaning: Shining Path The Peoples Liberation Army (PLA); Traditional Chinese: 人民解放軍, Simplified Chinese: 人民解放军, pinyin: Rénmín Jiěfàng Jūn), including strategic nuclear forces, an army, navy and air force, serves as the military of... Guerrilla (also called a partisan) is a term borrowed from Spanish (from guerra meaning war) used to describe small combat groups. ... The US M1A1 Abrams tank is a typical modern main battle tank. ...