NationMaster - Encyclopedia: First Intifada

The First Intifada (1987 - 1993) (also "intifada" and "war of the stones") was a mass Palestinian uprising against Israeli rule^[1] that began in Jabalia refugee camp and quickly spread throughout Gaza, the West Bank and East Jerusalem.^[2] Combatants Arab nations Israel Arab-Israeli conflict series History of the Arab-Israeli conflict Views of the Arab-Israeli conflict International law and the Arab-Israeli conflict Arab-Israeli conflict facts, figures, and statistics Participants Israeli-Palestinian conflict Â· Israel-Lebanon conflict Â· Arab League Â· Soviet Union / Russia Â· Israel and the United... This article describes violent events in the Old City of Jerusalem from April 4-7, 1920. ... On May 1, 1921, a scuffle began in Tel Aviv-Jaffa between rival groups of Jewish Bolsheviks, carrying Yiddish banners demanding Soviet Palestine, and Socialists parading on May Day. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The 1936â€“1939 Arab revolt in Palestine was an uprising during the British mandate by Palestinian Arabs in Palestine which lasted from 1936 to 1939. ... Combatants Palestine Jews Palestine Arabs United Kingdom The 1947-48 Palestinian Civil War lasted from 30 November 1947 to 14 May 1948. ... Combatants Israel, Foreign Volunteers Egypt, Syria, Transjordan, Lebanon, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Holy War Army, Arab Liberation Army Commanders Yaakov Dori, Yigael Yadin John Bagot Glubb, Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni, Hasan Salama, Fawzi Al-Qawuqji, Ahmed Ali al-Mwawi Strength Israel: 29,677 initially rising to 115,000 by... Combatants Israel United Kingdom France Egypt Commanders Moshe Dayan Charles Keightley Pierre Barjot Gamal Abdel Nasser Abdel Hakim Amer Strength 175,000 Israeli 45,000 British 34,000 French 70,000 Casualties 197 Israeli KIA 56 British KIA 91 British WIA 10 French KIA 43 French WIA 650 KIA[1... Combatants Israel Egypt Syria Jordan Iraq Saudi Arabia Commanders Yitzhak Rabin, Moshe Dayan, Uzi Narkiss, Israel Tal, Mordechai Hod, Ariel Sharon Abdel Hakim Amer, Abdul Munim Riad, Zaid ibn Shaker, Hafez al-Assad Strength 264,000 (incl. ... Combatants Israel Egypt Soviet Union Strength unknown Egyptian: unknown Soviet advisors: 10,700â€“12,300 Casualties 594 soldiers and >127 civilians killed 2,000 soldiers and 700 civilians wounded[1][2] 15â€“16 aircraft lost[3] 10,000 Egyptian soldiers and civilians killedÂ¹ 3 Soviet pilots killed 101â€“113 aircraft... Combatants Israel Egypt, Syria, br/> Iraq Commanders Moshe Dayan, David Elazar, Ariel Sharon, Shmuel Gonen, Benjamin Peled, Israel Tal, Rehavam Zeevi, Aharon Yariv, Yitzhak Hofi, Rafael Eitan, Abraham Adan, Yanush Ben Gal Saad El Shazly, Ahmad Ismail Ali, Hosni Mubarak, Mohammed Aly Fahmy, Anwar Sadat, Abdel Ghani el-Gammasy, Abdul... Combatants Israel South Lebanon Army PLO Strength 25,000 10,000 Casualties 20 9,800 The 1978 South Lebanon conflict (code-named Operation Litani by Israel) was the name of the Israel Defense Forces 1978 invasion of Lebanon up to the Litani River. ... Combatants Israel South Lebanon Army LF (nominally neutral) PLO Syria Amal (switched sides) LCP Commanders Menachem Begin (Prime Minister) Ariel Sharon, (Ministry of Defence) Rafael Eitan, (CoS) Yasser Arafat Strength Israel: 76,000 troops 800 tanks 1,500 APCs 634 aircraft Syria: 22,000 troops 352 tanks 300 APCs 450... Combatants Hezbollah Israel South Lebanon Army Casualties 8000+ 1600+ During the 1982â€“2000 South Lebanon conflict Hezbollah waged a guerrilla campaign against Israeli forces occupying Southern Lebanon. ... For other uses, see Iraq war (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see al-Aqsa (disambiguation). ... Combatants Hezbollah Lebanon Amal[2] LCP[3] PFLP-GC[4] Israel Commanders Hassan Nasrallah Dan Halutz Moshe Kaplinsky[11] Udi Adam Strength 600-1,000 active fighters 3,000-10,000 reservists[5] Up to 10,000 ground troops. ... Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... Shortcut: WP:NPOVD Articles that have been linked to this page are the subject of an NPOV dispute (NPOV stands for Neutral Point Of View; see below). ... Combatants Arab nations Israel Arab-Israeli conflict series History of the Arab-Israeli conflict Views of the Arab-Israeli conflict International law and the Arab-Israeli conflict Arab-Israeli conflict facts, figures, and statistics Participants Israeli-Palestinian conflict Â· Israel-Lebanon conflict Â· Arab League Â· Soviet Union / Russia Â· Israel and the United... Israel, with the West Bank, Gaza Strip and Golan Heights The Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which is often claimed to be at the heart of the Arab-Israeli conflict, is an ongoing dispute between two peoples, Jewish Israelis and Arab Palestinians, who both claim the right to sovereignty over the Land... Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... Casus belli is a modern Latin language expression meaning the justification for acts of war. ... Yitzhak Rabin, Bill Clinton, and Yasser Arafat during the Oslo Accords on September 13, 1993. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... (Hebrew ×™Ö´×¦Ö°×—Ö¸×§ ×©Ö¸××žÖ´×™×¨) (born October 15, 1915) was Prime Minister of Israel from 1983 to 1984 and again from 1986 to 1992. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Not to be confused with Yasir Arafat (cricketer). ... Intifada (also Intefadah or Intifadah; from shaking off) is an Arabic term for uprising. It came into common usage in English as the popularized name for two recent Palestinian campaigns directed at Israel. ... The term Palestinian has other usages, for which see definitions of Palestinian. ... Uprising is another word for rebellion. ... Jabalia (Arabic: Ø¬Ø¨Ø§Ù„ÙŠØ§) the largest Palestinian refugee camp in existence. ... Not to be confused with the Spanish name Garza or the Egyptian town of Giza. ... East Jerusalem is that part of Jerusalem which was held by Jordan from the 1948 Arab-Israeli War until the Six-Day War in 1967. ...

Palestinian actions took a number of forms, including civil disobedience, general strikes, boycotts on Israeli products, graffiti, barricades, Molotov cocktails and grenades; but it was the stone-throwing demonstrations by youth against the heavily-armed Israeli Defense Forces that brought the intifada international renown.^[3] Anti-war activist Midge Potts is arrested for civil disobedience on the steps of the Supreme Court of the United States on February 9, 2005. ... A general strike is a strike action by an entire labour force in a city, region or country. ... Look up Boycott in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other uses, see Graffiti (disambiguation). ... Closeup of a collection of blinker equipped barricades A barricade is any object or structure that creates a barrier or obstacle to control, block passage or force the flow of traffic in the desired direction. ... Molotov cocktail is the generic name for a variety of crude incendiary weapons. ... The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) (Hebrew: צבא ההגנה לישראל Tsva Ha-Haganah Le-Yisrael ([Army] Force [for] the Defense of Israel), often abbreviated צהל Tsahal, alternative English spelling Tzahal, is the name of Israels armed forces...

Over the course of the first intifada, an estimated 1100 Palestinians were killed by Israeli soldiers and settlers. Palestinians killed 160 Israelis and an additional 1000 Palestinians as alleged collaborators, though fewer than half of the latter had actually maintained contact with the Israeli authorities.^[4]

General causes

As with all incidents within the Arab-Israeli conflict in general and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the context and causes for this event are heavily disputed. Combatants Arab nations Israel Arab-Israeli conflict series History of the Arab-Israeli conflict Views of the Arab-Israeli conflict International law and the Arab-Israeli conflict Arab-Israeli conflict facts, figures, and statistics Participants Israeli-Palestinian conflict Â· Israel-Lebanon conflict Â· Arab League Â· Soviet Union / Russia Â· Israel and the United... Israel, with the West Bank, Gaza Strip and Golan Heights The Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which is often claimed to be at the heart of the Arab-Israeli conflict, is an ongoing dispute between two peoples, Jewish Israelis and Arab Palestinians, who both claim the right to sovereignty over the Land...

Most accounts ^{[citation needed]} point to a growing sense of frustration among Palestinians, particularly on the West Bank, but also in Gaza, at the lack of progress in finding a durable resolution for their humanitarian and nationalistic claims after the establishment of Israel in 1948 and the Six-Day War in 1967. The Palestine Liberation Organization had failed to make any significant headway against Israel since the 1960s, and in 1982, had been forced to establish its offices in Tunis. Although all Arab states with the exception of Egypt maintained an official state of war with Israel, rhetoric was toned down in the mid-1980s, and Palestinians found advocacy on their behalf weakened. The November 1987 Arab Summit in Amman, preoccupied by the Iran-Iraq War, downgraded the importance of the Palestinian issue for the first time in years.^[5] Israeli military occupation of Southern Lebanon and the continued Israeli military involvement of the West Bank and Gaza fed a growing discontent with the status quo. Not to be confused with the Spanish name Garza or the Egyptian town of Giza. ... Combatants Israel Egypt Syria Jordan Iraq Saudi Arabia Commanders Yitzhak Rabin, Moshe Dayan, Uzi Narkiss, Israel Tal, Mordechai Hod, Ariel Sharon Abdel Hakim Amer, Abdul Munim Riad, Zaid ibn Shaker, Hafez al-Assad Strength 264,000 (incl. ... The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (Arabic: ; or Munazzamat al-Tahrir al-Filastiniyyah) is a multi-party confederation and is the organization regarded since 1974 as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. ... Headquarters Cairo, Egypt1 Official languages Arabic Membership 22 Arab states 2 observer states Leaders - Secretary General Amr Moussa (since 2001) - Council of the Arab League Sudan - Speaker of the Arab Parliament Nabih Berri Establishment - Alexandria Protocol March 22, 1945 Area - Total 13,953,041 (Western Sahara Included) = 13,687,041... For other meanings, see Amman (disambiguation) and Ammann. ... Combatants Iran Iraq Commanders Ruhollah Khomeini Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani Ali Shamkhani Mostafa Chamran â€ Saddam Hussein Ali Hassan al-Majid Strength 305,000 soldiers 500,000 Pasdaran and Basij militia 900 tanks 1,000 armored vehicles 3,000 artillery pieces 470 aircraft 750 helicopters[1] 190,000 soldiers 5,000 tanks...

Muslim clerics used their pulpits to speak against the Israeli government. When an Israeli was stabbed to death on December 6, 1987 while shopping in Gaza, tensions heightened. On December 8th, when four Palestinian refugees from the Jabalya camp were killed in a traffic accident in Gaza, rioting broke out in Jabalya. An 18-year old Palestinian named Hatem al-Sisi was killed by Israeli soldiers during these riots after throwing stones, the net effect of which was the sparking of further riots. December 6 is the 340th day of the year (341st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jabalia (Arabic: جباليا), with a registered population of 103,646 inhabitants (as of June 30 2002), is the largest Palestinian refugee camp in existence. ...

Palestinians and their supporters assert^{[citation needed]} that the Intifada was a protest of Israel's 'brutal repression' which included extra-judicial killings, mass detentions, house demolitions, deportations, and so on. While relatively few houses were demolished in the years before the intifada, house demolitions then "appeared to have deterrent value" to Israel. After the start of the intifada, and after the PLO began compensating affected families, demolitions "were transformed into a stimulus to further escalation of resistance."^[6] In addition to the political and national sentiment, further causes to the Intifada can be seen in the Egyptian withdrawal from their claims to the Gaza Strip as well as the Jordanian monarchy growing weary of supporting Jordanian claims to the West Bank. The Palestinian flag, adopted in 1948, is a widely recognized modern symbol of the Palestinian people. ... A Palestinian home after demolition by Israeli security forces House demolition in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is a controversial tactic used by the Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. ... For the comic series, see Monarchy (comics). ...

Rapid birth rates and the limited allocation of land to new building or agriculture amidst land scarcity contributed to the increasing density of population in the Palestinian territories. Unemployment was growing. While income from service labor in Israel benefited the Palestinian economy, even those with a university education were hard pressed to find employment. This article is about the Palestinian territories as a geopolitical phenomenon. ...

Others point out that Palestinians felt abandoned by their Arab allies and the PLO had failed to successfully challenge Israel and establish a Palestinian state in its stead as promised. However, it did manage to block the Israeli attempts to call for a puppet election inside the territories (beginning with 1974), and as it seemed to many of them, they would spend the rest of their lives as second class citizens, without full political rights.^{[citation needed]} Languages Arabic and other minority languages Religions Islam, Christianity, Druzism and Judaism An Arab (Arabic: , arabi) is a member of a complexly defined ethnic group who identifies as such on the basis of one or more of either genealogical, political, or linguistic grounds. ... The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (Arabic Munazzamat al-Tahrir Filastiniyyah منظمة تحرير فلسطينية ) is a political and paramilitary organization of Palestinian Arabs dedicated to the establishment of an independent Palestinian state to consist of the... It has been suggested that State of Palestine be merged into this article or section. ... This article is about the political process. ...

Considering all of the above and the mass scale of the uprising, it is of little doubt that it was not initiated by any single person or organization. However, the PLO was very quick to take matters into its hands, sponsoring provocateurs and enhancing their presence in the territories (called the "tandhim", or "organization"). The PLO was not uncontested, however, competing in its activities for the first time with radical Islamic organizations - Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad. And most importantly, the uprising was predominantly led not by any of these groups, but by community councils consisting of ordinary Palestinians creating autonomous structures and networks in the midst of Israeli occupation. These councils, though they mainly engaged in armed resistance, also focused on creating independent, often-underground infrastructure, such as autonomous schools, medical care, food aid and other basic institutions. Hamas (Arabic: ; acronym: Arabic: , or Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya or Islamic Resistance Movement,[1]) is a Palestinian Sunni Islamist organization. ... The emblem of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad shows a map of the land they claim as Palestine (roughly, present-day Israel, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip) superimposed on the images of the Dome of the Rock, two fists and two rifles. ...

Prior events

The uprising of the Palestinians in the First Intifada is generally understood to have been a spontaneous phenomenon.^{[citation needed]} The PLO later claimed that it had organized it,^{[citation needed]} but most historians view this as an attempt to create an appearance of having more control.^{[citation needed]} On October 1, 1987 Israeli military ambushed and killed seven men from Gaza believed to be members of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad terrorist group.^{[citation needed]} Several days later an Israeli settler shot a Palestinian schoolgirl in the back.^{[citation needed]} On December 4, 1987 Shlomo Sakal, an Israeli plastics salesman, was stabbed to death in Gaza.^{[citation needed]} On December 8, there was a traffic accident in which an Israel Defense Force truck crashed into a van, killing 4 Palestinians from Jabalya. ^{[citation needed]} Under these already heated circumstances, many rumors began to spread. Rumor reinforced by real incidents caused anger and street fights against Israeli policemen and soldiers.^{[citation needed]} The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (Arabic Munazzamat al-Tahrir Filastiniyyah منظمة تحرير فلسطينية ) is a political and paramilitary organization of Palestinian Arabs dedicated to the establishment of an independent Palestinian state to consist of the... is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar). ... Not to be confused with the Spanish name Garza or the Egyptian town of Giza. ... The emblem of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad shows a map of the land they claim as Palestine (roughly, present-day Israel, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip) superimposed on the images of the Dome of the Rock, two fists and two rifles. ... An Israeli settlement refers to a housing development for Israeli Jewish settlers in areas which came under the control of Israel as a result of the 1967 Six-Day War beyond the boundaries defined by the 1949 Armistice Agreements. ... is the 338th day of the year (339th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar). ... The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) (Hebrew: צבא ההגנה לישראל Tsva Ha-Haganah Le-Yisrael ([Army] Force [for] the Defense of Israel), often abbreviated צהל Tsahal, alternative English spelling Tzahal, is the name of Israels armed forces... Jabalia (Arabic: جباليا), with a registered population of 103,646 inhabitants (as of June 30 2002), is the largest Palestinian refugee camp in existence. ...

The uprising

On December 8, an Israeli truck hit two vans carrying Gaza labourers in Jabalya, a refugee camp packed at that time with 60,000 residents. It instantly killed four of them. Rumor spread quickly that the wreck was no accident, but an act of vengeance on the part of an Israeli stabbed to death several days earlier in the Gaza market. That evening, an uprising began in Jabalya where hundreds burned tires and attacked the Israel Defense Forces stationed there. The uprising spread to other Palestinian refugee camps and eventually to Jerusalem. On December 22, the United Nations Security Council condemned Israel for violating Geneva Conventions due to the number of Palestinian deaths in these first few weeks of the Intifada. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (838x1120, 91 KB) This is a work of art (poster) done by Ayman Bardaweel in 1990, the image is allowed to be used given that the artist is credited. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (838x1120, 91 KB) This is a work of art (poster) done by Ayman Bardaweel in 1990, the image is allowed to be used given that the artist is credited. ... is the 342nd day of the year (343rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jabalia (Arabic: جباليا), with a registered population of 103,646 inhabitants (as of June 30 2002), is the largest Palestinian refugee camp in existence. ... Emblem of the IDF The Israel Defense Forces are part of the Israeli Security Forces. ... For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ... December 22 is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... â€œSecurity Councilâ€ redirects here. ...

Much of the Palestinian violence was low-tech; dozens of Palestinian teenagers would confront patrols of Israeli soldiers, showering them with rocks. However, at times this tactic gave way to Molotov cocktail attacks, over 100 hand grenade attacks and more than 500 attacks with guns or explosives. Many Israeli civilians and soldiers were killed this way. Molotov cocktail is the generic name for a variety of crude incendiary weapons. ...

Additionally, an estimated 1,000 alleged informers were killed by Arab civilian militias,^{[citation needed]} though Palestinian Arab human rights groups contend many were not "collaborators" but victims of revenge murders.^{[citation needed]}

In 1988, the Palestinians initiated a nonviolence movement to withhold taxes - the legality of which under international law is disputed. When time in prison didn't stop the activists, Israel crushed the boycott by imposing heavy fines while seizing and disposing of the equipment, furnishings, and goods from local stores, factories, and even homes.

On April 19, 1988, a leader of the PLO, Abu Jihad, was assassinated in Tunis. During the resurgence of rioting that followed, about 16 Palestinians were killed. In November of the same year and October of the next, the United Nations General Assembly passed resolutions condemning Israel. April 19 is the 109th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (110th in leap years). ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... Khalil Al-Wazir (October 10, 1935â€“April 16, 1988), better known by the kunya Abu Jihad (Arabic: father of the struggle) and Al-Wazir (the top minister), was a founder of the Palestinian group Fatah (which later formed the dominant part of the PLO), and later a top aide to... The United Nations General Assembly (GA) is one of the five principal organs of the United Nations. ...

As the Intifada progressed, Israel introduced various riot control methods that had the effect of reducing the number of Palestinian fatalities. Another contributor to the high initial casualties was Defense Minister Yitzhak Rabin's aggressive stance towards the Palestinians. On a tour of the Jalazon Refugee Camp in January 1988, Rabin said, "The first priority of the security forces is to prevent violent demonstrations with force, power and blows ... We will make it clear who is running the territories".^[2] His successor Moshe Arens subsequently proved to have a better understanding of pacification, which perhaps reflects in the lower casualty rates for the following years. For other persons named Rabin, see Rabin (disambiguation). ... Moshe Arens Moshe Arens (born December 27, 1925 in Kaunas, Lithuania) is an Israeli politician. ...

In July 1989, the first suicide attack occurred inside Israel's borders, the Tel Aviv Jerusalem bus 405 massacre. No further attacks of this scale occurred until after the Oslo Accords. A suicide attack is an attack on a military or civilian target, in which an attacker intends to kill others, and knows that they will either certainly or most likely die in the process (see suicide). ... The Tel Aviv-Jerusalem bus 405 massacre occurred on July 6, 1989. ... Yitzhak Rabin, Bill Clinton, and Yasser Arafat during the Oslo Accords on September 13, 1993. ...

Benny Morris describes the situation by June 1990: "By then the Intifada seemed to have lost direction. A symptom of the PLO's frustration was the great increase in the killing of suspected collaborators; in 1991 the Israelis killed fewer Palestinians - about 100 - than the Palestinians did themselves - about 150."^[7] This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Attempts at the peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict were made at the Madrid Conference of 1991. The UN Partition Plan Map of the State of Israel today The Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has taken shape over the years, despite the ongoing violence in the Middle East. ... The Madrid Conference was hosted by the government of Spain and co-sponsored by the USA and the USSR. It convened on October 30, 1991 and lasted for three days. ...

Outcome

By the time the Oslo Accords were signed in 1993, 1,162 Palestinians (241 of them children, some of whom took an active role in the violence) had been killed by Israelis and 160 Israelis (5 of them children) had been killed by Palestinians^[8] In addition, approximately 1,000 Palestinians had been killed by Palestinians as alleged collaborators, though only 40-45% of those killed had maintained contacts with Israeli authorities.^[4] Yitzhak Rabin, Bill Clinton, and Yasser Arafat during the Oslo Accords on September 13, 1993. ...

In the first thirteen months of the intifada, 332 Palestinians and 12 Israelis had been killed.

The Intifada was never a military endeavour in either a conventional or guerrilla sense. The PLO (which had limited control of the situation) never expected the uprising to make any direct gains against the Israeli state, as it was a grassroots, mass movement and not their venture. However, the Intifada did produce a number of results the Palestinians considered positive: The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (Arabic Munazzamat al-Tahrir Filastiniyyah منظمة تحرير فلسطينية ) is a political and paramilitary organization of Palestinian Arabs dedicated to the establishment of an independent Palestinian state to consist of the...

Ultimately, Israel was successful in containing the uprising. The Palestinians' force was inferior in relation to the well equipped and trained Israel Defense Forces. However, the Intifada pinpointed numerous problems with the IDF's conduct in the operative and tactical fields, as well as the general problem of Israel's prolonged control of the West Bank and Gaza strip. These problems were noticed and widely criticized, both in international forums (in particular, when humanitarian questions were at stake), but also in Israeli public opinion, in which the Intifada had caused a split. This article is about the United Nations, for other uses of UN see UN (disambiguation) Official languages English, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, Arabic Secretary-General Kofi Annan (since 1997) Established October 24, 1945 Member states 191 Headquarters New York City, NY, USA Official site http://www. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... The Madrid Conference was hosted by the government of Spain and co-sponsored by the USA and the USSR. It convened on October 30, 1991 and lasted for three days. ...

Notes

Encarta Dictionary Technology (to be written) Encarta made use of various Microsoft technologies. ... The Palestinian Human Rights Monitoring Group is a diverse human rights gourp founded in December 1996 by a group of prominent Palestinians, including members of the Palestinian Legislative Council (the legislative arm of the Palestinian Authority). ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... BTselem (Hebrew: , in the image of, as in Genesis 1:27) is an Israeli non-governmental organization (NGO) that describes itself as The Israeli Information Center for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories. ...

Further Reading

This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Zeev Schiff (1932 - June 19, 2007) (Hebrew: ×–××‘ ×©×™×£) was a French-born, journalist, author and military commentator who worked for the Israeli newspaper Haaretz. ... Ehud Yaari (×Ö¶×”×•Ö¼×“ ×™Ö¸×¢Ö¸×¨Ö´×™)is a well-known Israeli commentator and expert on Middle Eastern issues, who frequently collaborated with and wrote books with the late Zeev Schiff. ...

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Other: The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (Arabic Munazzamat al-Tahrir Filastiniyyah منظمة تحرير فلسطينية ) is a political and paramilitary organization of Palestinian Arabs dedicated to the establishment of an independent Palestinian state to consist of the... Anthem: Biladi Capital Ramallah and Gaza de facto, as the current location of government institutions. ...

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Influence: The al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades (ÙƒØªØ§Ø¦Ø¨ Ø´Ù‡Ø¯Ø§Ø¡ Ø§Ù„Ø£Ù‚ØµÙ‰) are a Palestinian armed terrorist group closely linked to the Fatah party. ... Image File history File links DFLP_flag. ... The Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP) (Arabic: Ø§Ù„Ø¬Ø¨Ù‡Ø© Ø§Ù„Ø¯ÙŠÙ…ÙˆÙ‚Ø±Ø§Ø·ÙŠØ© Ù„ØªØØ±ÙŠØ± ÙÙ„Ø³Ø·ÙŠÙ†, transliterated Al-Jabha al-Dimuqratiya Li-Tahrir Filastin) is a Palestinian Marxist-Leninist, secular political and military organization. ... Fatah (Arabic: ); a reverse acronym from the Arabic name Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini (literally: Palestinian National Liberation Movement) is a major secular Palestinian political party and the largest organization in the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), a generally secular multi-party confederation. ... Image File history File links Hamas_flag2. ... Hamas (Arabic: ; acronym: Arabic: , or Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya or Islamic Resistance Movement,[1]) is a Palestinian Sunni Islamist organization. ... The Palestine Liberation Front (PLF) (Ø¬Ø¨Ù‡Ø© Ø§Ù„ØªØØ±ÙŠØ± Ø§Ù„ÙÙ„Ø³Ø·ÙŠÙ†ÙŠØ©) is a militant Palestinian group which is designated by the United States and European Union [1] as a terrorist organization. ... The emblem of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad shows a map of the land they claim as Palestine (roughly, present-day Israel, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip) superimposed on the images of the Dome of the Rock, two fists and two rifles. ... PPSF symbol The Palestinian Popular Struggle Front (PPSF, occasionally abbr. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command (Ø§Ù„Ø¬Ø¨Ù‡Ø© Ø§Ù„Ø´Ø¹Ø¨ÙŠØ© Ù„ØªØØ±ÙŠØ± ÙÙ„Ø³Ø·ÙŠÙ† - Ø§Ù„Ù‚ÙŠØ§Ø¯Ø© Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø§Ù…Ø©) is a left-wing Palestinian nationalist organization, backed by Syria. ... Emblem of the Popular Resistance Committees The Popular Resistance Committees (PRC) are various Palestinian militant organizations which operate in the Gaza Strip and are regarded as terrorist organizations by Israel and the United States. ...

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Danny Yatom
Zvi Zamir Image File history File links Flag_of_the_League_of_Arab_States. ... Headquarters Cairo, Egypt1 Official languages Arabic Membership 22 Arab states 2 observer states Leaders - Secretary General Amr Moussa (since 2001) - Council of the Arab League Sudan - Speaker of the Arab Parliament Nabih Berri Establishment - Alexandria Protocol March 22, 1945 Area - Total 13,953,041 (Western Sahara Included) = 13,687,041... Image File history File links Palestine-Mandate-Ensign-1927-1948. ... Flag The approximate borders of the British Mandate circa 1922. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Egypt. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Hezbollah. ... For other uses, see Hezbollah (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Iran. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Iraq. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Jordan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Lebanon. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Libya. ... The Muslim Brothers (Arabic: Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ø®ÙˆØ§Ù† Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…ÙˆÙ† al-ikhwÄn al-muslimÅ«n, full title The Society of the Muslim Brothers, often simply Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ø®ÙˆØ§Ù† al-ikhwÄn, the Brotherhood or MB) is a world-wide Sunni Islamist movement and the worlds largest, most influential Islamist group[1]. The MB is the largest political... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Syria. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Tunisia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Nations. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Yemen. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Moshe Arens Moshe Arens (born December 27, 1925 in Kaunas, Lithuania) is an Israeli politician. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Ami Ayalon (Hebrew: , born 27 June 1945) is an Israeli politician and member of the Knesset for the Labor Party. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Ehud Barak (Hebrew: ×Öµ×”×•Ö¼×“ ×‘Ö¸Ö¼×¨Ö¸×§) (born Ehud Brog on February 12, 1942) is an Israeli politician, former Prime Minster, and current Minister of Defense and leader of Israels Labor Party. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... (â€Ž, August 16, 1913 â€“ March 9, 1992) was a Polish-Jewish head of the Zionist underground group the Irgun, Nobel Peace Prize laureate and the first Likud Prime Minister of Israel. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... This is the Hebrew name of Meir Klugeman, the current Director of the Mossad. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Avi Dichter (Hebrew: ××‘×™ ×“×™×›×˜×¨) (born: December 4, 1952) is an Israeli politician, former head of the Shabak, and member of the Knesset. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Yuval Diskin (Hebrew: ×™×•×‘×œ ×“×™×¡×§×™×Ÿ) (born: 1956) is the 12th and current Director of Shabak. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... (October 16, 1886 â€“ December 1, 1973; Hebrew: ) was the first Prime Minister of Israel. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Ephraim Halevy (Hebrew: ××¤×¨×™× ×”×œ×•×™) (born: 1934) is an Israeli lawyer and intelligence expert. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... (Hebrew: ) (born August 7, 1948 in Tel Aviv, Israel) is an Israeli Air Force Lt. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Golda Meir (â€Ž, born Golda Mabovitz, May 3, 1898 - December 8, 1978), also known as Golda Myerson from 1917-1956, was one of the founders of the State of Israel. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Shaul Mofaz during a meeting with U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld on November 10, 2003. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Yitzhak Mordechai (Hebrew: ×™×¦×—×§ ×ž×¨×“×›×™, born November 22, 1944) was a Major General in the Israeli army, and later Israeli Minister of Defense and of Transport. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... (Hebrew: ×‘Ö´Ö¼× Ö°×™Ö¸×žÖ´×™×Ÿ × Ö°×ªÖ·× Ö°×™Ö¸×”×•Ö¼ (without niqqud: ×‘× ×™×ž×™×Ÿ × ×ª× ×™×”×•), Hebrew transliteration written in English: Binyamin Netanyahu, nicknamed Bibi) (born October 21, 1949, Tel Aviv) was the 9th Prime Minister of Israel and is a leading figure in the Likud party. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Ehud Olmert (IPA ; Hebrew:××”×•×“ ××•×œ×ž×¨×˜; born September 30, 1945) is the 12th and current Prime Minister of Israel. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Yaakov Peri was the head of Shabak (Shin-Bet). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... For other persons named Rabin, see Rabin (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Amnon Lipkin-Shahak (Hebrew: אמנון ליפקין-שחק, born March 18th, 1944) was the chief of staff of the Israel Defense Forces, and later Israeli Minister of Tourism and Transport. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... (Hebrew ×™Ö´×¦Ö°×—Ö¸×§ ×©Ö¸××žÖ´×™×¨) (born October 15, 1915) was Prime Minister of Israel from 1983 to 1984 and again from 1986 to 1992. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... (Hebrew: , also known by his diminutive Arik ×Ö¸×¨Ö´×™×§) (born February 27, 1928) is a former Israeli politician and general. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Shabtai Shavit (Hebrew: ×©×‘×ª×™ ×©×‘×™×˜) was the Director General of the Mossad from 1989 to 1996. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... General Moshe Yaalon, Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces (2002-2005) Lieutenant-General Moshe Yaalon (often nicknamed Boogie) (born 1950) was the 17th Chief of Staff (×¨×ž×˜×›×œ) of the Israeli Defence Force. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Danny Yatom also Dani Yatom was the Director of the Mossad from 1996 to 1998. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Zvi Zamir (1925) was the Director of the Mossad from 1968 to 1974. ...

Abu Abbas
Mahmoud Abbas
Moussa Arafat
Yasser Arafat
Yahya Ayyash
Marwan Barghouti
Mohammed Dahlan
Mohammed Deif
George Habash
Wadie Haddad
Ismail Haniya
Nayef Hawatmeh
Amin al-Husayni
Ghazi Jabali
Ahmed Jibril
Abu Jihad
Salah Khalaf
Leila Khaled
Sheikh Khalil
Khaled Mashal
Zuheir Mohsen
Abu Ali Mustafa
Abu Nidal
Izz ad-Din al-Qassam
Jibril Rajoub
Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi
Ali Hassan Salameh
Salah Shahade
Ramadan Shallah
Fathi Shaqaqi
Ahmed Yassin Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Muhammad Zaidan (also known as Abu Abbas and Muhammad Abbas) (December 10, 1948 â€“ March 8, 2004) was a Palestinian terrorist. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Mahmoud Abbas (Arabic: ) (born March 26, 1935), commonly known by the kunya Abu Mazen (Ø§Ø¨Ùˆ Ù…Ø§Ø²Ù†), was elected President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) on January 9, 2005, and took office on January 15, 2005. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Moussa Arafat Major General Moussa Arafat al-Qidwi (born Jaffa 1941 -- died Gaza City September 7, 2005) was a cousin of late Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Not to be confused with Yasir Arafat (cricketer). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Yahya Abdal-Tif Ayyash (ÙŠØÙŠÙ‰ Ø¹ÙŠØ§Ø´; February 22, 1966 - January 5, 1996) was the chief bombmaker of Hamas and the leader of the Samaria battalion of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Marwan Barghouti Marwan Bin Khatib Barghouti ( Ù…Ø±ÙˆØ§Ù† Ø§Ù„Ø¨Ø±ØºÙˆØ«ÙŠ born June 6, 1959) is a Palestinian leader from the West Bank and a leader of the Fatah movement. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Mohammed Dahlan is a Palestinian, born in 1961 in a refugee camp in Khan Younis. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Mohammed Deif (Arabic: Ù…ØÙ…Ø¯ Ø¶ÙŠÙ ) is a commander of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of Hamas. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... George Habash (Arabic Ø¬ÙˆØ±Ø¬ ØØ¨Ø´) (born August 2, 1926 in Lod), sometimes known by his nom de guerre Al-Hakim, Ø§Ù„ØÙƒÙŠÙ…, meaning the doctor, is a Palestinian politician, formerly a militant, and the founder and former Secretary-General of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Wadie Haddad (1927â€“1978), a. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Ismail Haniya (more frequently Haniyeh) (born 1963) (Arabic: Ø¥Ø³Ù…Ø§Ø¹ÙŠÙ„ Ù‡Ù†ÙŠØ©) is the Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Naif Hawatmeh Nayef Hawatmeh (kunya Abu an-Nuf, b. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Mohammad Amin al-Husayni Mohammad Amin al-Husayni (ca. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Ghazi al-Jabali, the Gaza Strip Chief of Police, appointed by the Palestinian Authority. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Ahmed Jibril Ahmed Jibril (born 1928) is the founder and leader of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command (PFLP-GC), part of the left-wing, secular Palestinian rejectionist front, so-called because they reject proposals for a peaceful settlement with Israel. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Khalil Al-Wazir (October 10, 1935â€“April 16, 1988), better known by the kunya Abu Jihad (Arabic: father of the struggle) and Al-Wazir (the top minister), was a founder of the Palestinian group Fatah (which later formed the dominant part of the PLO), and later a top aide to... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Abu Iyad Salah Khalaf (Arabic ØµÙ„Ø§Ø Ø®Ù„Ù), also known as Abu Iyad (Arabic Ø£Ø¨Ùˆ Ø¥ÙŠØ§Ø¯) (born 1933 â€“ January 14, 1991) was deputy chief and head of intelligence for the Palestine Liberation Organization, and the second most senior official of Fatah after Yasser Arafat. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Leila Khaled in the 1970s Leila Khaled (Arabic: ; born April 9, 1944) is a member of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), part of the secular, leftwing Palestinian rejectionist front. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Izz El-Deen Sobhi Sheikh Khalil (alternately Ezzeddine) (Arabic: Ø¹Ø² Ø§Ù„Ø¯ÙŠÙ† Ø§Ù„Ø´ÙŠØ® Ø®Ù„ÙŠÙ„) (circa 1962/1964 - September 26, 2004), from the Shajaiyeh district of Gaza City, presently a Hamas stronghold, was a senior member of the military wing of the Palestinian Islamist guerrilla group Hamas when he was blown apart in an automobile booby... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Khaled Mashal, also known as Khaled Mashaal (Arabic: Ø®Ø§Ù„Ø¯ Ù…Ø´Ø¹Ù„) (b. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Zuheir Mohsen (b. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Abu Ali Mustafa (Arabic:Ø§Ø¨Ùˆ Ø¹Ù„ÙŠ Ù…ØµØ·ÙÙ‰), dates (1938 to August 27, 2001), the nom de guerre of Mustafa Zibri, was a Palestinian leader and was general secretary of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine from July 2000 until he was assassinated by Israeli forces the following year. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Abu Nidal in 1976 in a photograph released by the Israeli Defense Forces, one of only a handful of photographs of him known to exist. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... -1... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Jibril Rajoub was Yasir Arafats National Security Advisor, a member of the Fatah Revolutionary Council. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Ali Hassan Salameh Ali Hassan Salameh (1943 â€“ January 22, 1979) was the chief of operations â€” code name Abu Hassan - for Black September, the terrorist organisation responsible for the Munich Massacre (1972) and other attacks; he was also the founder of Force 17. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Salah Shahade was the leader of the Ezzedeen-al-qassam brigades, the militray wing of palestinian islamist movement Hamas, untils its assassination by Israel on july 22th, 2002. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Ramadan Abdullah Mohammad Shallah Sheikh Abdullah Ramadan Shallah (Arabic: ) aka Ramadan Abdullah Mohammad Shallah (born January 1, 1958) in Sajaya, Gaza Strip has Palestinian citizenship and is one of the founders and currently (since 1995) the Secretary-General of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, deemed by the United States federal government... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Fathi Shaqaqi, alternatively spelled Fathi Shqaqi or Fathi Shiqaqi, (1951-1995) was a Palestinian doctor who founded and led the Palestinian Islamic Jihad organisation and the initiator of suicide bombings. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Sheikh Ahmed Ismail Yassin (1936 - 2004 (about 68 years old)) (Arabic: ) was the co-founder (with Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi) and the spiritual leader of the militant Palestinian Islamist organization of Hamas,[1] originally calling it the Palestinian Wing of the Muslim Brotherhood. ...

1920 Palestine riots
1921 Jaffa riots
1929 Palestine riots
1929 Hebron massacre
1936–1939 Arab revolt
1930s Irgun attacks
1947 Jerusalem riots
1948 Arab-Israeli War
· 1948 war massacres
· 1948 Deir Yassin massacre
· 1948 Hadassah medical convoy massacre
· 1948 Palestinian exodus
1948-1967 Jewish exodus from Arab lands
1948-1967 Terrorist attacks against Israel
1953-1955 Unit 101
1966 Samu Incident
1967 Six-Day War
1968 Battle of Karameh
1969-1970 War of Attrition
1970 Avivim school bus massacre
1972 Munich Olympics massacre
· 1972 Operation Wrath of God
· 1973 Israeli raid on Lebanon
1973 Yom Kippur War
1974 Maalot massacre
1975 Savoy Hotel attack
1975 Zion Square bombing
1976 Operation Entebbe
1978 Coastal Road massacre
1978 South Lebanon conflict
1982 Lebanon War
· 1982 Siege of Beirut
· 1982 Sabra and Shatila massacre
1985 Operation Wooden Leg
1987–1990 Intifada
· 1988 Tunis Raid
· 1989 Bus 405 massacre
Palestinian Islamic Jihad suicide attacks
Hamas suicide attacks
1994 Cave of the Patriarchs massacre
1996 Bus 18 massacres
2000–present Al-Aqsa Intifada
· Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade suicide attacks
· Massacres during Al-Aqsa Intifada
· Assassinations during Al-Aqsa Intifada
· 2001 Dolphinarium massacre
· 2001 Sbarro restaurant massacre
· 2002 Passover massacre
· 2002 Egged bus 841 massacre
· 2002 Operation Defensive Shield
· 2002 Battle of Jenin
· 2003 Bus 2 massacre
· 2003 Maxim restaurant massacre
2004 Israel-Gaza conflict
· Operation Rainbow
· Operation Days of Penitence
2006 Israel-Gaza conflict
· Beit Hanoun November 2006 incident
2006-2007 Fatah-Hamas conflict
2007 Israeli-Palestinian conflict This article describes violent events in the Old City of Jerusalem from April 4-7, 1920. ... On May 1, 1921, a scuffle began in Tel Aviv-Jaffa between rival groups of Jewish Bolsheviks, carrying Yiddish banners demanding Soviet Palestine, and Socialists parading on May Day. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Hebron massacre of 1929 was the murder by Arab rioters of 67 Jews in Hebron, then part of the Palestine under the British mandate. ... The 1936-1939 Arab revolt in Palestine was an uprising during the British mandate by Palestinian Arabs in Palestine which lasted from 1936 to 1939. ... During the Great Uprising (1936-1939) of the Arabs in Palestine, in which more than 320 Jews were killed by Arab attacks, the Irgun carried out sixty retaliatory attacks against Arabs, reflecting its worldview that political violence and terrorism were legitimate tools in the Jewish national struggle for the Land... The 1947 Jerusalem Riots occurred following the 1947 UN Partition Plan. ... Combatants Israel, Foreign Volunteers Egypt, Syria, Transjordan, Lebanon, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Holy War Army, Arab Liberation Army Commanders Yaakov Dori, Yigael Yadin John Bagot Glubb, Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni, Hasan Salama, Fawzi Al-Qawuqji, Ahmed Ali al-Mwawi Strength Israel: 29,677 initially rising to 115,000 by... This is a list of massacres committed during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. ... The Deir Yassin massacre (Deir Yassin is also transliterated from Arabic as Dayr Yasin and frequently (mis)transliterated from Hebrew writings as Dir Yassin) refers to the killing of scores of Arab civilians at the village of Deir Yassin just east of Jerusalem in Palestine by Jewish irregular forces between... The Hadassah medical convoy massacre was an event that took place during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war, on April 13, 1948, when a Jewish medical convoy was attacked by Arab forces. ... Palestinian refugees in 1948 The Palestinian exodus (Arabic: Ø§Ù„Ù‡Ø¬Ø±Ø© Ø§Ù„ÙÙ„Ø³Ø·ÙŠÙ†ÙŠØ© al-Hijra al-Filasteeniya) refers to the refugee flight of Palestinian Arabs during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. ... The Jewish exodus from Arab lands refers to the 20th century emigration of Jews, primarily of Sephardi and Mizrahi background, from majority Arab lands. ... Arab violence was rampant during wave of anti-Jewish riots in 1920-21, during the pogroms of 1929 (which included the massacre of the Jewish community in Hebron and Safed), during the Arab Revolt of 1936-39 (which included the massacre of Jewish community in Tiberias), and in many other... Unit 101 was an Israeli special operations unit founded and led by Ariel Sharon on orders from Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion in August 1953. ... Combatants Israel Defense Forces Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Commanders Yoav Shalam Levi Eshkol Bahjat al-Muhsin Hussein I bin Talal Strength 400 troops 40 half-tracks 10 tanks 100 troops 20 convoy vehicles Casualties 1 killed 10 wounded 16 Jordanian Armed Forces killed 54 Jordanian Armed forces wounded 15 vehicles... Combatants Israel Egypt Syria Jordan Iraq Saudi Arabia Commanders Yitzhak Rabin, Moshe Dayan, Uzi Narkiss, Israel Tal, Mordechai Hod, Ariel Sharon Abdel Hakim Amer, Abdul Munim Riad, Zaid ibn Shaker, Hafez al-Assad Strength 264,000 (incl. ... The Battle of Karameh was one of the main events in the history of the Palestinian national movement. ... The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (Arabic: ; or Munazzamat al-Tahrir al-Filastiniyyah) is a multi-party confederation and is the organization regarded since 1974 as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. ... An ambush attack known as the Avivim school bus massacre took place on May 8, 1970 near Avivim, an agricultural community in Israel founded in 1963 by Moroccan immigrants. ... The Munich massacre occurred during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, when members of the Israeli Olympic team were taken hostage by the Palestinian terrorist group Black September, a group with ties to Yasser Arafatâ€™s Fatah organization. ... The operation was ordered in response to the massacre of 11 Israeli athletes at the 1972 Munich Olympics. ... Combatants Sayeret Matkal PLO Strength 25,000 unknown Casualties 2 KIA 12-100 KIA 3 civilian casualties The 1973 Israeli raid on Lebanon (code-named Operation Spring of Youth) took place on the night of April 9 and early morning of April 10, 1973 when Israel Defense Forces special forces... Combatants Israel Egypt, Syria, br/> Iraq Commanders Moshe Dayan, David Elazar, Ariel Sharon, Shmuel Gonen, Benjamin Peled, Israel Tal, Rehavam Zeevi, Aharon Yariv, Yitzhak Hofi, Rafael Eitan, Abraham Adan, Yanush Ben Gal Saad El Shazly, Ahmad Ismail Ali, Hosni Mubarak, Mohammed Aly Fahmy, Anwar Sadat, Abdel Ghani el-Gammasy, Abdul... The Maalot massacre was a school massacre in Maalot, Israel, that occurred on May 15, 1974. ... The Savoy Operation was a terrorist act masterminded by Abu Jihad On the night of March 4th, 1975, at 11:00 PM eight terrorists in two teams landed by boat on the Tel-Aviv beach. ... On February 4, 1948, as the conflict over the coming partition of Palestine grew, three car bombs arranged by Arab irregulars exploded on Ben Yehuda Street, a main avenue in Jewish Jerusalem, killing 52 Jewish civilians and leaving 123 injured. ... Combatants Israel PFLP RevolutionÃ¤re Zellen Uganda Commanders Yonatan Netanyahuâ€ Wadie Haddad Wilfried BÃ¶se Idi Amin Strength 29 Commandos Unknown Casualties Yonatan Netanyahu killed three hostages killed five commandos wounded 6 hijackers killed 45 Ugandan soldiers killed Operation Entebbe, also known as the Entebbe incident and occasionally the Entebbe... Dalal Al Mughrabi Dalal Mughrabi and Ehud Barak Charred remains of the hijacked bus Front end remains of the hijacked bus The Kamal Odwan Operation In 1970s the Israeli Mossad committed massacres inside and outside Palestine, the foremost of which was the assassination of the three Palestinian Leaders, martyrs... Combatants Israel South Lebanon Army PLO Strength 25,000 10,000 Casualties 20 9,800 The 1978 South Lebanon conflict (code-named Operation Litani by Israel) was the name of the Israel Defense Forces 1978 invasion of Lebanon up to the Litani River. ... Combatants Israel South Lebanon Army LF (nominally neutral) PLO Syria Amal (switched sides) LCP Commanders Menachem Begin (Prime Minister) Ariel Sharon, (Ministry of Defence) Rafael Eitan, (CoS) Yasser Arafat Strength Israel: 76,000 troops 800 tanks 1,500 APCs 634 aircraft Syria: 22,000 troops 352 tanks 300 APCs 450... Combatants Israel Defense Forces Palestinian Liberation Organization Commanders Ariel Sharon Yasir Arafat Strength 30,000 15,000 Casualties 368 soldiers killed, 2,383 wounded 1000 PLO guerillas killed, 6000 captured. ... Combatants Lebanese Phalangist No combatants Commanders Elie Hobeika No commander Strength 150 irregulars Unarmed civilian population Casualties 2 700 - 3,500 civilians (see below) The Sabra and Shatila massacre (or Sabra and Chatila massacre; Arabic: Ù…Ø°Ø¨ØØ© ØµØ¨Ø±Ø§ ÙˆØ´Ø§ØªÙŠÙ„Ø§) was carried out in September 1982 by a Lebanese Forces militia group against Palestinian refugee... Operation Wooden Leg was the October 1, 1985 Israeli Air Force raid on the Palestinian Liberation Organizations headquarters in Tunis, Tunisia. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Abu_Jihad#Assassination. ... The Tel Aviv-Jerusalem bus 405 massacre occurred on July 6, 1989. ... The US media do not report that the Israeli defense force had killed 82 Palestinian Children before there was a single suicide attack in the current Intifada, beginning in 2000. ... It is proposed that this article be deleted, because of the following concern: NPOV: similar articles on one-sided violence committed by Israelis have been deleted for being NPOV fork. ... The facade and minarets of the Cave of the Patriarchs. ... Jerusalem bus 18 massacres refer to two consecutive suicide attacks made by Hamas suicide bombers in Jerusalem in 1996. ... For other uses, see al-Aqsa (disambiguation). ... List of suicide attacks carried out by Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades The criteria used for this list: deliberate attacks committed by Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades suicide bombers against civilians. ... List of massacres committed during the al-Aqsa Intifada This is all wrong info ... Information in this article or section has not been verified against sources and may not be reliable. ... The Dolphinarium Massacre was a suicide bombing carried out by a Hamas militant in a discotheque near the dolphinarium in Tel-Aviv, Israel on June 1, 2001. ... The Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing took place on August 9, 2001 in Jerusalem, Israel. ... The Netanya suicide attack (also known as the Netanya bombing and the Passover massacre) was a Palestinian suicide bombing in Park Hotel at Netanya on March 27, 2002. ... The Egged bus 841 massacre was a suicide attack carried out on Monday October 21, 2002, by two members of the Islamic Jihad militant organization, in the Israeli urban area of Wadi Ara. ... Combatants Israel (Israel Defense Forces) Fatah (Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades & Tanzim) Hamas Palestinian Islamic Jihad Palestinian security forces Commanders Aluf Itzhak Eitan (Central commander) Strength Golani Brigade, Nahal Brigade, Paratroopers Brigade, 5th Reserve Infantry Brigade, 408th Reserve Infantry Brigade, Jerusalem Brigade(reserve), Shayetet 13, Armor and Engineering forces. ... Combatants Israel IDF Fatah (Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades, Tanzim) Hamas Image:Flag of PIJ.gif Islamic Jihad Commanders Yedidia Yehuda [4] Mahmoud Tawallbeâ€ Strength 1,000 200-250 Casualties 23 soldiers killed 52 killed (38 armed men, 14 civilians according to IDF; 30 militants, 22 civilians according to HRW) 685... The Jerusalem bus 2 massacre was a suicide bombing in a crowded bus in Jerusalem, Israel on August 19, 2003, which killed 23 people and wounded over 130. ... The Maxim restaurant suicide bombing occurred on October 4, 2003, when a 28-year-old Palestinian terrorist, female suicide bomber Hanadi Jaradat, exploded inside the Maxim restaurant in Haifa. ... The 2004 Israel-Gaza conflict refers to the series of battles between Palestinian militants and the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). ... Operation Rainbow (In Hebrew, ×ž×‘×¦×¢ ×§×©×ª ×‘×¢× ×Ÿ) is a controversial military operation which began on May 18, 2004 in the Gaza Strip. ... Combatants Israel Defense Forces Hamas Casualties 5 killed (3 Of them civilians) 104 - 133 killed (42 of them civilians) Operation Days of Penitence (In Hebrew, ×ž×‘×¦×¢ ×™×ž×™ ×ª×©×•×‘×”) was the name used by Israel to describe an Israel Defense Forces operation in the northern Gaza Strip, conducted between September 30, 2004 and October... Combatants Israel Defense Forces (Israeli Security Forces) Hamas Fatah (al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades), Popular Resistance Committees Palestinian Islamic Jihad Palestinian Army of Islam Commanders Dan Halutz (Chief of Staff) Yoav Galant (Regional) Khaled Mashal (Leader of Hamas[1])Mohammed Deif (Leader of Hamas military wing) Strength 3,000 unknown possibly... The November 2006 Beit Hanoun incident occurred on 8 November 2006 when the Israel Defense Forces, responding to Qassam rockets fired by Palestinian militants at Israeli towns shelled the Gaza Strip town of Beit Hanoun, killing 20 Palestinians and wounding more than 40. ... Combatants Hamas Fatah Commanders Ismail Haniya Khaled Meshaal Mohammed Deif Mahmoud Abbas Mohammed Dahlan Strength Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades: 15,000 Executive Force: 6,000[1][2] National Security: 30,000 Police and Preventive Security: 30,000 General Intelligence: 5,000 Presidential Guard: 4,200 Al Aqsa Martyrs... Combatants Israel (Israel Defense Forces) Hamas Popular Resistance Committees Palestinian Islamic Jihad Commanders Gabi Ashkenazi Khaled Meshaal Casualties 2 wounded 30 killed, 33 captured Palestinian civilians: 12 killed Israeli civilians: 2 killed Casualties source: Reuters The 2007 Israeli-Palestinian conflict refers to a series of battles between Palestinian militants and...

Hussein-McMahon Correspondence
Sykes-Picot Agreement
Balfour Declaration
UN Partition Plan Resolution 181
Israeli Declaration of Independence
UN Resolution 194
UN Resolution 242
Palestinian Declaration of Independence
1991 Madrid Conference
1993 Oslo Accords
1997 Hebron Agreement
1998 Wye River Memorandum
1999 Sharm el-Sheikh Memorandum
2000 Camp David Summit
2001 Taba Summit
2002 Road map for peace
2005 Israel's unilateral disengagement plan The Hussein-McMahon Correspondence during World War I was a 1915-1916 exchange of letters between the Hejazi (the Hejaz later became part of Saudi Arabia) leader Hussein ibn Ali, Sharif of Mecca, and Sir Henry McMahon, British High Commissioner in Egypt, concerning the future political status of the Arab... Zones of French and British influence and control established by the Sykes-Picot Agreement The Sykes-Picot Agreement of May 16, 1916 was a secret understanding between the governments of Britain and France defining their respective spheres of post-World War I influence and control in the Middle East (then... Arthur James Balfour. ... Map showing the UN Partition Plan. ... David Ben Gurion (First Prime Minister of Israel) publicly pronouncing the Declaration of the State of Israel, May 14, 1948. ... United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194 [1] was passed on December 11, 1948, near the end of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. ... United Nations Security Council Resolution 242 (S/RES/242) was adopted unanimously by the UN Security Council on November 22, 1967 in the aftermath of the Six Day War. ... The Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Palestinian National Council, the legislative body of the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO), in Algiers on 15 November 1988. ... The Madrid Conference was hosted by the government of Spain and co-sponsored by the USA and the USSR. It convened on October 30, 1991 and lasted for three days. ... Yitzhak Rabin, Bill Clinton, and Yasser Arafat during the Oslo Accords on September 13, 1993. ... Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron, also known as The Hebron Protocol or Hebron Agreement, began January 7 and was concluded from January 15 to January 17, 1997 between Israel, represented by Prime Minister of Israel Benjamin Netanyahu, and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), represented by PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat... The Wye River Memorandum was a political agreement negotiated to implement the earlier Interim Agreement of 28 September, 1995 brokered by the United States between Israel and the Palestine Authority completed on October 23, 1998. ... The Sharm el-Sheikh Memorandum, full name: The Sharm el Sheikh Memorandum on Implementation Timeline of Outstanding Commitments of Agreements Signed and the Resumption of Permanent Status Negotiations was a memorandum signed on September 4, 1999 by Prime Minister of Israel Ehud Barak and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat at Sharm... (Redirected from 2000 Camp David Summit) The Middle East Peace Summit at Camp David of July United States President Bill Clinton, Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak, and Palestinian Authority Chairman Yasser Arafat. ... The Taba summit (or: Taba Summit; Taba Talks; Taba Conference; Taba), also known as the permanent status talks at Taba between Israel and the Palestinian Authority, held from January 21 to January 27, 2001 at Taba in the Sinai peninsula, were peace talks aimed at reaching the final status negotiations... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Israels unilateral disengagement plan (Hebrew: ×ª×•×›× ×™×ª ×”×”×ª× ×ª×§×•×ª Tokhnit HaHitnatkut or ×ª×›× ×™×ª ×”×”×™× ×ª×§×•×ª Tokhnit HaHinatkut in the Disengagement Plan Implementation Law), also known as the Disengagement plan, Gaza Pull-Out plan, and Hitnatkut) was a proposal by Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, adopted by the government and enacted in August 2005, to remove all...

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