The First Mexican Empire was the official name of independent Mexico under a monarchical regime from 1822 to 1823. The Mexican territory included the former Captaincy General of Guatemala, the intendencies and provinces of the continental New Spain. After the declaration of independence on September 27, 1821, it was the intention of the Mexican parliament to establish a commonwealth whereby the king of Spain, Ferdinand VII would also be Emperor of Mexico, but in which both countries were to be governed by separate laws and with their own legislative offices. Should the king refused the position, the law provided for a member of the Bourbon family to accede to the Mexican throne. Ferdinand VII, however, did not recognize the independence and said that Spain would not allow any other European prince to take the throne of Mexico. 1822 (MDCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Captaincy General of Guatamala (Spanish: Capitania General de Goathemalawa) was an administrative division in Spanish America which covered much of Central America, extending from the Soconusco region - located in what is now the southern part of Mexico (states of Chiapas, Tabasco, Quintana Roo, and Yucatan) - to Costa Rica. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The coronation banquet for George IV 1821 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Ferdinand VII (October 14, 1784 - September 29, 1833) was King of Spain from 1813 to 1833. ...

Imperio Mexicano Mexican Empire ← 1822 – 1823 → → Flag Coat of arms Motto Libertad, unión y religión (Spanish for "Freedom, unity and religion") Capital Mexico City Language(s) Spanish Government Constitutional monarchy Emperor  - 1822-1823 Agustin I History  - Independence of Mexico September 27, 1821  - Agustin I coronation July 21, 1822  - Monarchy overthrown March 19, 1823 Area 2,136,253 km2 824,812 sq mi

This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixel Image in higher resolution (864 × 576 pixel, file size: 9 KB, MIME type: image/gif) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): New Spain First... Image File history File links Flag_of_Mexico_(1823-1864_1867-1881). ... This article is about the country in North America. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Central_America. ... Flag Capital Guatemala City¹ Language(s) Spanish Government Republic History  - Established 1823  - Disestablished May 31, 1838 Currency Central American Republic real ¹ Moved to San Salvador in 1834. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Mexico_1821. ... Image File history File links Escudo_de_armas_del_I_Imperio_Mexicano. ... The Flag of Mexico is a vertical tricolor of green, white, and red with the national coat of arms charged in the center of the white stripe. ... The Coat of Arms of Mexico has been an important symbol of Mexican politics and culture for centuries. ... A motto (from Italian) is a phrase or a short list of words meant formally to describe the general motivation or intention of an entity, social group, or organization. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist, the capital was moved, or the capital city was renamed. ... Nickname: Location of Mexico City in central Mexico Coordinates: , Country Mexico Federal entity Federal District Boroughs The 16 delegaciones Founded (as Tenochtitlan) c. ... This does not cite any references or sources. ... This is a list of emperors and pretenders to the throne of Mexico. ... Agustín Cosme Damián de Iturbide y Arámburu (September 27, 1783 – July 19, 1824) was Emperor of Mexico from 1822 to 1823. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The coronation banquet for George IV 1821 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Agustín Cosme Damián de Iturbide y Arámburu (September 27, 1783 – July 19, 1824) was Emperor of Mexico from 1822 to 1823. ... July 21 is the 202nd day of the year (203rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... March 19 is the 78th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (79th in leap years). ... This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ...

History

The First Mexican Empire was short lived, lasting only eight months from 21 July 1822 to 19 March 1823 and having only one emperor, Agustín de Iturbide. July 21 is the 202nd day of the year (203rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1822 (MDCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... March 19 is the 78th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (79th in leap years). ... 1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... An emperor is a (male) monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. ... Agustín Cosme Damián de Iturbide y Arámburu (September 27, 1783 – July 19, 1824) was Emperor of Mexico from 1822 to 1823. ...

Background

When the Emperor Napoleon of France put his brother, Joseph, on the Spanish throne in 1808, ties between Spain and her American colonies weakened and the movement for Mexican independence grew stronger. Napoléon I, Emperor of the French (born Napoleone di Buonaparte, changed his name to Napoléon Bonaparte)[1] (15 August 1769; Ajaccio, Corsica – 5 May 1821; Saint Helena) was a general during the French Revolution, the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from... Joseph Bonaparte Joseph Napoleon Bonaparte, King of Naples, King of Spain (January 7, 1768 – July 28, 1844) was the older brother of French Emperor Napoleon I, who made him King of Naples and Sicily (1806–1808) and later King of Spain. ... The thrones for The Queen of Canada, and the Duke of Edinburgh in the Canadian Senate, Ottawa is usually occupied by the Governor General and her spouse at the annual State Opening of Parliament. ... Year 1808 (MDCCCVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

The Mexican War of Independence began in 1810 and continued until 1821, when rebel troops entered Mexico City and the Treaty of Córdoba was signed, whereby the viceroy of New Spain recognized the independence of Mexico. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... 1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The coronation banquet for George IV 1821 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Nickname: Location of Mexico City in central Mexico Coordinates: , Country Mexico Federal entity Federal District Boroughs The 16 delegaciones Founded (as Tenochtitlan) c. ... The Treaty of Córdoba gave Mexico independence from Spain at the conclusion of the Mexican War of Independence. ...

In that year, General Agustín de Iturbide, a Mexican-born criollo who originally fought for the pro-Spanish royalists but switched his allegiance to the insurgents in the final phases of the war, was elected head of the provisional junta government and of the regency that held the imperial power that Spain once had. On the night of the 18 May 1822, a mass demonstration led by the Regiment of Celaya, which Iturbide had commanded during the war, marched through the streets and demanded that their commander-in-chief accept the throne. Agustín Cosme Damián de Iturbide y Arámburu (September 27, 1783 – July 19, 1824) was Emperor of Mexico from 1822 to 1823. ... In the Spanish colonial caste system (castas), a criollo was a person of unmixed Spanish ancestry born in the colonies. ... Regent, from the Latin, a person selected to administer a state because the ruler is a minor or is not present or debilitated. ... May 18 is the 138th day of the year (139th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1822 (MDCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see Demonstration. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...

Establishment

Agustin I, Emperor of Mexico

On 19 May 1822, the Sovereign Congress named him the emperor and on 21 May 1822, issued a decree officially confirming this appointment, which was officially a temporary measure until a European monarch could be found to rule Mexico. Image File history File links Emperor_Agustin_I.JPG Agustin I, Constitutional Emperor of Mexico The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... Image File history File links Emperor_Agustin_I.JPG Agustin I, Constitutional Emperor of Mexico The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... is the 139th day of the year (140th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1822 (MDCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... May 21 is the 141st day of the year (142nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1822 (MDCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... World map showing the location of Europe. ... “King” redirects here. ...

Iturbide's official title was "By Divine Providence and the National Congress, First Constitutional Emperor of Mexico" (Spanish:Por la Divina Providencia y por el Congreso de la Nación, Primer Emperador Constitucional de México). His coronation took place on 21 July 1822, in Mexico City. The coronation of Empress Farah, of Iran in 1967. ... July 21 is the 202nd day of the year (203rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1822 (MDCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

As factions in the Congress began to sharply criticise both Iturbide and his policies, the emperor decided on 31 October to dissolve it. This enraged the commander of the garrison at Veracruz, Antonio López de Santa Anna, who himself would be President in several terms, during the Secession of Texas and the disastrous Mexican-American War. Santa Anna and his troops rose up against Iturbide and declared a republic on the 1 December. October 31 is the 304th day of the year (305th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For people named Garrison, see Garrison (disambiguation) Garrison House, built by William Damm in 1675 at Dover, New Hampshire Garrison (from the French garnison, itself from the verb garnir, to equip) is the collective term for the body of troops stationed in a particular location, originally to guard it, but... Veracruz from space, July 1997 The city of Veracruz is a major port city and municipality on the Gulf of Mexico in the Mexican state of Veracruz. ... Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón (21 February 1794 – 21 June 1876), also known simply as Santa Anna, was a Mexican political leader who greatly influenced early Mexican and Spanish politics and government, first fighting against independence from Spain... Combatants United States Mexico Commanders Zachary Taylor Winfield Scott Stephen W. Kearney Antonio López de Santa Anna Mariano Arista Pedro de Ampudia José Mariá Flores Strength 78,790 soldiers 18,000–40,000 soldiers Casualties KIA: 1733 Total dead: 13,271 Wounded: 4,152 AWOL: 9,200+ 25,000... in particular, for the archaizing senses of republic, as a translation of politeia or res publica Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A republic is a form of government maintained by a state or country whose sovereignty is based on popular consent and whose... December 1 is the 335th (in leap years the 336th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

End of the First Mexican Empire

After the coup d'etat lead by Antonio López de Santa Anna, Iturbide looked for help in the church, but fearing a new bloody war he decided to abdicate his throne. Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón (21 February 1794 – 21 June 1876), also known simply as Santa Anna, was a Mexican political leader who greatly influenced early Mexican and Spanish politics and government, first fighting against independence from Spain...

Fearing for his life as the rebellion grew stronger, the emperor ordered the dissolved Congress to reassemble on the 4 March 1823. He presented his abdication to them at a night-time session on 19 March 1823. He fled to Italy shortly after. is the 63rd day of the year (64th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Look up abdication in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... March 19 is the 78th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (79th in leap years). ... 1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

Aftermath

After the Mexican Empire was disbanded, the Central American provinces decided to leave Mexico and created their own federation ( except El Salvador, province that never accepted being annexed to Mexico ) there's no historical register of mexican efforts to retake the territories, as the congress was so busy trying to create a republic and a new constitution.

In April 1824 the Congress, having already declared his administration void, declared Iturbide a traitor. When he returned to Mexico in July 1824 he was arrested on arrival in Tamaulipas and executed. 1824 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The term Administration, as used in the context of government, differs according to jurisdiction. ... In law, void means of no legal effect. ... Traitor redirects here. ... Tamaulipas is a state in the northeast of Mexico. ...

Some decades later a new empire would be established in Mexican territory, with Maximilian of Habsburg as the new emperor, as he and his wife, the empress Carlota, could not have children, they decided to adopt two of the grandsons of Agustin Iturbide, and made them heirs and princes of the Mexican Empire. Maximilian I, Emperor of Mexico (Emperador Maximiliano I de México) (July 6, 1832 – June 19, 1867) (born Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph) was a member of Austrias Imperial Habsburg-Lorraine family. ... Carlota of Mexico (also spelled Carlotta; sometimes rendered as Charlotte) (June 7, 1840 – January 19, 1927) was the wife of regime largely dependent on French troops under the orders of Napoleon III. The only daughter of Leopold I, King of the Belgians (1790–1865) by his second wife... Agustín Cosme Damián de Iturbide y Arámburu (September 27, 1783 – July 19, 1824) was Emperor of Mexico from 1822 to 1823. ...

See also

• Second Mexican Empire

The Mexican Empire was the name of Mexico on two non-consecutive occasions in the 19th century when it was ruled by an Emperor. ...

External links

• Imperial House of Mexico
• Mexican Empire