Reverse of Presidential dollar coin

The Presidential $1 Coin Program is part of an Act of Congress, Pub.L. 109-145, 119 Stat. 2664 (December 22, 2005), which directs the United States Mint to produce $1 coins with engravings of the United States Presidents on the obverse. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2000x2000, 2324 KB)Newer version to replace Image:LineartPresRev. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2000x2000, 2324 KB)Newer version to replace Image:LineartPresRev. ... An Act of Vaginapenis is a bill or resolution adopted by both houses of the United States Congress to which one of the following events has happened: Acceptance by the President of the United States, Inaction by the President after ten days from reception (excluding Sundays) while the Congress is... December 22 is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Seal of the U.S. Mint The United States Mint primarily produces circulating coinage for the United States to conduct its trade and commerce. ... Dollar coins have been minted in the United States in gold, silver and base metal versions. ... For the pop band, see Presidents of the United States of America. ...

Legislative history

Obverse of the first coin, featuring George Washington

Reverse

Stack showing writing on side

Senate Bill 1047 was introduced in the United States Senate on May 17, 2005, by Senator John E. Sununu with over 70 cosponsors. It was reported favorably out of the U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs without amendment on July 29, 2005. The Senate passed it with a technical amendment (S.AMDT.26760), by Unanimous Consent on November 18, 2005. The House of Representatives passed it (291-113) on December 13, 2005 (A similar bill, H.R. 902, had previously passed in the House, but it was the Senate bill which was passed by both chambers.) The engrossed bill was presented to President George W. Bush on December 15, 2005, and he signed it into law on December 22, 2005. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 627 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (648 × 620 pixel, file size: 280 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Bill Koslosky, MD File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 627 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (648 × 620 pixel, file size: 280 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Bill Koslosky, MD File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799)[1] led Americas Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), and was later elected the first president of the United States under the U.S. Constitution. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 586 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (781 × 799 pixel, file size: 433 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Bill Koslosky, MD File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 586 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (781 × 799 pixel, file size: 433 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Bill Koslosky, MD File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 699 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (895 × 768 pixel, file size: 470 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Bill Koslosky, MD File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 699 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (895 × 768 pixel, file size: 470 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Bill Koslosky, MD File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Seal of the U.S. Senate Federal courts Supreme Court Chief Justice Associate Justices Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures State Courts Counties, Cities, and Towns Other countries Politics Portal      Senate composition following 2006 elections The United States Senate is... May 17 is the 137th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (138th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... John Edward Sununu (born September 10, 1964) is a United States Senator from New Hampshire. ... The United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs has jurisdiction over matters related to banks and banking, price controls, deposit insurance, export promotion and controls, federal monetary policy, financial aid to commerce and industry, issuance of redemption of notes, currency and coinage, public and private housing, urban... July 29 is the 210th day (211th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 155 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 18 is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Seal of the House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives (or simply the House) is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress, the other being the Senate. ... December 13 is the 347th day of the year (348th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the 43rd and current President of the United States, inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ... December 15 is the 349th day of the year (350th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... December 22 is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Program details

The program began on January 1, 2007, and is similar to the State Quarter program in that it will not end until every eligible subject is honored. The program will issue coins featuring each of four Presidents per year on the obverse, issuing one for three months before moving on to the next President in chronological order by term in office. The U.S. Mint calls it the Presidential $1 Coin Program.^[1] January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... Obverse of redesigned quarter The 50 State Quarters program is the release of a series of commemorative coins by the United States Mint. ... The United States Mint is responsible for producing and circulating coinage for the United States to conduct its trade and commerce. ...

The reverse of the coins will bear the Statue of Liberty, the inscription "$1" and the inscription "United States of America". In addition, inscribed along the edge of the coin will be the year of minting or issuance of the coin, and also the legends E Pluribus Unum and In God We Trust. The legend "Liberty" will be absent from the coin altogether, since the decision was made that the image of the Statue of Liberty on the reverse of the coin was sufficient to convey the message of liberty. The text of the act does not specify the color of the coins, but per the U.S. Mint "the specifications will be identical to those used for the current Golden dollar".^[2] The President Washington $1 Coin was first available to the public on February 15, 2007, in honor of Presidents' Day, which was observed on February 19. For other freedom monuments, see Monument of Liberty. ... E pluribus unum is includeds in the Great Seal of the United States E pluribus unum was one of the first national mottos of the United States of America. ... In God We Trust on the twenty dollar bill In God We Trust is the national motto of the United States of America. ... Liberty is generally considered a concept of political philosophy and identifies the condition in which an individual has immunity from the arbitrary exercise of authority. ... February 15 is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... Presidents Day is the common name for the United States federal holiday officially designated as Washingtons Birthday. ...

This marks the first time since the St. Gaudens Double Eagle that the United States has issued a coin with edge lettering for circulation. An edge lettered coin is rare in the world today outside the Eurozone. Edge lettered coins date back to the 1790s. The process was started to discourage the "shaving" of gold coin edges, a practice which was used to cheat payees. St. ... A coin is usually a piece of hard material, generally metal, usually in the shape of a disc, and most often issued by a government, to be used as a form of money in transactions. ... The Eurozone (also called Euro Area, Eurosystem or Euroland) is the subset of European Union member states which have adopted the euro, creating a currency union. ...

The act had been introduced because of the failure of the Sacagawea $1 coin to gain wide-spread circulation in the United States. The act sympathized with the need of the nation's private sector for a $1 coin and expected that the appeal of changing the design would increase the public demand for new coins (as the public generally responded well to the State Quarter program). The program will also educate the public about the history of the nation's Presidents. Should the coin not catch on with the general public, the Mint is hoping that collectors will be as interested in the dollars as they were with the State Quarters, which generated about $4.6 billion in seigniorage between January 1999 and April 2005, according to a report by the Congressional Budget Office. The Sacagawea dollar, along with the Presidential Dollar series, is one of the two current United States dollar coins. ... Seal of the U.S. Mint The United States Mint primarily produces circulating coinage for the United States to conduct its trade and commerce. ... While hoarding coins due to their value goes back to the beginning of coinage, coin collecting as pieces of art was a later development. ... Seigniorage, also spelled seignorage or seigneurage, is the net revenue derived from the issuing of currency. ... The Congressional Budget Office is a federal agency within the legislative branch of the United States government. ...

Unlike the State Quarter program and the Westward Journey nickel series, which suspended the issuance of the current design during those programs, the act directs the Mint to continue to issue Sacagawea dollar coins during the Presidential series. At least one fourth of the dollar coins issued in each year of the program must be Sacagawea dollars. (The law says "one third", but that is of the total Presidential-series coins issued each year; that translates to one fourth of total production.) Furthermore, the Sacagawea design is required to continue after the Presidential program ends. These requirements were added at the behest of the North Dakota congressional delegation to ensure that Sacagawea, whom North Dakotans consider to be one of their own, ultimately remains on the dollar coin. However, Federal Reserve officials have indicated to Congress that "if the Presidential $1 Coin Program does not stimulate substantial transactional demand for dollar coins, the requirement that the Mint nonetheless produce Sacagawea dollars would result in costs to the taxpayer without any offsetting benefits." In that event, the Federal reserve indicates that it would "strongly recommend that Congress reassess the one-third requirement."^[3] The United States five-cent coin, commonly called a nickel, is a unit of currency equaling one-twentieth, or five-hundredths, of a United States dollar. ... Sacagawea (Sakakawea, Sacajawea, Sacajewea; see below) (c. ... Official language(s) English Capital Bismarck Largest city Fargo Area  Ranked 19th  - Total 70,762 sq mi (183,272 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 340 miles (545 km)  - % water 2. ...

Previous versions of the act called for removing from circulation dollar coins issued prior to the Sacagawea dollar, most notably the Susan B. Anthony dollar, but the version of the act which became law merely directs the Secretary of the Treasury to study the matter and report back to Congress. However, the act does require Federal government agencies (including the United States Postal Service), businesses operating on Federal property, and Federally-funded transit systems to accept and dispense dollar coins by January 2008, and to post signs indicating that they do so.^[4] It is very likely that the coins will widely circulate within the next few years if there are about 1 billion of the coins minted every year. The Susan B. Anthony dollar is a United States coin minted between 1979 and 1981, and again in 1999. ... The United States Secretary of the Treasury is the head of the United States Department of the Treasury, concerned with finance and monetary matters, and, until 2003, some issues of national security and defense. ... The United States Postal Service (USPS) is an independent establishment of the executive branch of the United States Government (see 39 U.S.C. Â§ 201) responsible for providing postal service in the United States. ...

The program's end

The act specifies that in order for a President to be honored, he/she must have been dead for no less than two years. ^[5] If a President does not meet the requirements at the time he would be honored with a coin then he is skipped and the next President who served after him meeting the requirements will be honored. Once the program has terminated, continuation of the series for non-honored Presidents will require another act of Congress. ^[6]

Even though it would take about 11 years to honor all the Presidents (George W. Bush is the 43rd President and the act allows for a coin for each of Grover Cleveland's two non-consecutive terms), the series may not run that long. The act provides that no former President will be depicted on a coin within two years of his death, and the series will end when all the then-eligible Presidents have been honored. If President Carter survives until 2014, he will be skipped and Reagan will be the next honored after President Ford. If all currently living Presidents survive to within two years of Reagan's coin, his coin will end the program. George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the 43rd and current President of the United States, inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ... Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 – June 24, 1908) was the 22nd (1885–1889) and 24th (1893–1897) President of the United States, and the only President to serve two non-consecutive terms. ...

Minting errors

On March 8, 2007, the United States Mint announced that, on February 15, 2007, an unknown number of George Washington Presidential $1 Coins were released into circulation without their edge inscriptions (the U.S. mottoes, "In God we trust" and "E pluribus unum", the coin's mint mark, and its year of issuance).^[7] Ron Guth, of the Professional Coin Grading Service, estimates that at least 50,000 coins were released without the edge inscriptions. The first such coin discovered was sold on eBay for $600, while later coins were selling $40-$60, as of late March 8, 2007.^[8][9] Because one of the inscriptions missing from the coins is the motto "In God we trust", some articles on the subject have referred to them as "Godless dollars"^{[10] [11]} March 8 is the 67th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (68th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... February 15 is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799)[1] led Americas Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), and was later elected the first president of the United States under the U.S. Constitution. ... eBay headquarters in San Jose eBay North First Street satellite office campus (home to PayPal) eBay Inc. ... March 8 is the 67th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (68th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ...

In early March, a Colorado couple found a dollar coin missing stamping on both sides of the coin.^[12]

Coin details

Dollar coins will be issued bearing the likenesses of Presidents, as follows:^[13]

† — The act specifies that in order for a President to be honored, he/she must have been dead for no less than two years. ^[15] The presidential seal was first used by President Hayes in 1880 and last modified in 1959 by adding the 50th star for Hawaii. ... The presidential seal was first used by President Hayes in 1880 and last modified in 1959 by adding the 50th star for Hawaii. ... George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799)[1] led Americas Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), and was later elected the first president of the United States under the U.S. Constitution. ... February 15 is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... John Adams (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826) was a politician and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America. ... May 18 is the 138th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (139th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... This article is becoming very long. ... August 17 is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... James Madison (March 16, 1751 – June 28, 1836), an American politician and fourth President of the United States of America (1809–1817), was one of the most influential Founders of the United States. ... November 16 is the 320th day of the year (321st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 45 days remaining. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... James Monroe (April 28, 1758 – July 4, 1831) was the fifth President of the United States (1817-1825), and the fourth Virginian to hold the office. ... John Quincy Adams (July 11, 1767 – February 23, 1848) was a diplomat, politician, and President of the United States (March 4, 1825 – March 4, 1829). ... For other uses, see Andrew Jackson (disambiguation). ... Martin Van Buren (December 5, 1782 – July 24, 1862), nicknamed Old Kinderhook, was the 8th President of the United States from 1837 to 1841. ... William Henry Harrison (February 9, 1773 – April 4, 1841) was an American military leader, politician, and the ninth President of the United States. ... John Tyler, Jr. ... James Knox Polk (November 2, 1795–June 15, 1849) was the eleventh President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1845 to March 4, 1849. ... Zachary Taylor (November 24, 1784 – July 9, 1850) was an American military leader and the twelfth President of the United States. ... Millard Fillmore (January 7, 1800 – March 8, 1874) was the thirteenth President of the United States, serving from 1850 until 1853, and the last member of the Whig Party to hold that office. ... Franklin Pierce (November 23, 1804 – October 8, 1869) was an American politician and the 14th President of the United States, serving from 1853 to 1857. ... James Buchanan (April 23, 1791 – June 1, 1868) was the 15th president of the United States (1857–1861). ... Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809—April 15, 1865) was the 16th President of the United States (March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865). ... Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808 – July 31, 1875) was the seventeenth President of the United States (1865–1869), succeeding to the presidency upon the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. ... Ulysses S. Grant[2] (born Hiram Ulysses Grant, April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was an American general and the 18th President of the United States (1869–1877). ... Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4, 1822 – January 17, 1893) was an American politician, lawyer, military leader and the 19th President of the United States (1877-1881). ... James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831 – September 19, 1881) was the 20th President of the United States (1881), and the second U.S. President to be assassinated. ... Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 – November 18, 1886) was an American politician who served as the 21st President of the United States. ... Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 – June 24, 1908) was the 22nd (1885–1889) and 24th (1893–1897) President of the United States, and the only President to serve two non-consecutive terms. ... Benjamin Harrison (August 20, 1833 – March 13, 1901) was the 23rd President of the United States, serving one term from 1889 to 1893. ... Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 – June 24, 1908) was the 22nd (1885–1889) and 24th (1893–1897) President of the United States, and the only President to serve two non-consecutive terms. ... William McKinley, Jr. ... Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt, Jr. ... William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857 – March 8, 1930) was an American politician, the 27th President of the United States, the 10th Chief Justice of the United States, a leader of the progressive conservative wing of the Republican Party in the early 20th century, a chaired professor at Yale Law... Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 - February 3, 1924), was the 28th President of the United States. ... Warren Gamaliel Harding (November 2, 1865 - August 2, 1923) was an American politician and the 29th President of the United States, from 1921 to 1923, when he became the sixth president to die in office. ... John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. ... Herbert Clark Hoover, (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964), the 31st President of the United States (1929–1933), was a world-famous mining engineer and humanitarian administrator. ... FDR redirects here. ... President Truman announces that Germany had surrendered (May 8 1945) Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the thirty-third President of the United States (1945–1953); as Vice President, he succeeded to the office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt. ... D. D. Eisenhower during WWII Dwight David Eisenhower (born David Dwight Eisenhower, October 14, 1890 - March 28, 1969), nicknamed Ike, was an American soldier and politician, who served as the thirty-fourth President of the United States (1953-1961). ... John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), also referred to as John F. Kennedy, JFK, John Kennedy or Jack Kennedy, was the 35th President of the United States. ... “LBJ” redirects here. ... Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. ... Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr. ... James Earl Jimmy Carter, Jr. ... Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981–1989) and the 33rd Governor of California (1967–1975). ... George Herbert Walker Bush GCB (born June 12, 1924) was the 41st President of the United States of America serving from 1989 to 1993. ... William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III[1] on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the 43rd and current President of the United States, inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ...

First Spouse Program

The United States is honoring the first spouses of each of the Presidents honored by the Presidential $1 Coin Act by issuing half-ounce $10 gold coins featuring their images, in the order that they served as first spouse, beginning in 2007. To date, all First Spouses have been First Ladies; however, the law uses the term "First Spouse" because that could change before the end of the program. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

The obverse of these coins will feature portraits of the Nation’s First Spouses, their names, the dates and order of their term as first spouse, as well as the year of minting or issuance, and the words "In God We Trust" and "Liberty". The United States Mint will mint and issue First Spouse Gold Coins on the same schedule as the Presidential $1 Coins issued honoring the Presidents. Each coin will have a unique reverse design featuring an image emblematic of that spouse’s life and work, as well as the words "The United States of America", "E Pluribus Unum", "$10", "1/2 oz.", and ".9999 Fine Gold".

When a President served without a First Spouse, such as Thomas Jefferson, a gold coin will be issued bearing an obverse image emblematic of Liberty as depicted on a circulating coin of that era, and bearing a reverse image emblematic of themes of that President.

The act, as written, explicitly states that the first spouse coins will be released at the same time as their respective $1 President coins. ^[16] This means that it is entirely possible for a living first spouse to still be honored with a coin.

The United States Mint will also produce and make available to the public bronze medal duplicates of the First Spouse Gold Coins. A full listing of the coins is as follows:

Release #	Spouse #	Name	Release date	Mintage figures	Front/Obverse Design	Reverse Design	Dates Served
1	1	Martha Washington	May 13, 2007	N/A			1789 - 1797
2	2	Abigail Adams	2007	N/A			1797 - 1801
3	3	Thomas Jefferson’s Liberty	2007	N/A			1801 - 1809
4	4	Dolley Madison	2007	N/A			1809 - 1817
5	5	Elizabeth Monroe	2008	N/A	N/A	N/A	1817 - 1825
6	6	Louisa Adams	2008	N/A	N/A	N/A	1825 - 1829
7	7	Andrew Jackson’s Liberty	2008	N/A	N/A	N/A	1829 - 1837
8	8	Martin Van Buren’s Liberty	2008	N/A	N/A	N/A	1837 - 1841
9	9	Anna Harrison	2009	N/A	N/A	N/A	1841
10	10	Letitia Tyler	2009	N/A	N/A	N/A	1841 - 1842
10A	10A	Julia Tyler	2009	N/A	N/A	N/A	1844 - 1845
11	11	Sarah Polk	2009	N/A	N/A	N/A	1845 - 1849
12	12	Margaret Taylor	2009	N/A	N/A	N/A	1849 - 1850
13	13	Abigail Fillmore	2010	N/A	N/A	N/A	1850 - 1853
14	14	Jane Pierce	2010	N/A	N/A	N/A	1853 - 1857
15	15	James Buchanan’s Liberty	2010	N/A	N/A	N/A	1857 - 1861
16	16	Mary Todd Lincoln	2010	N/A	N/A	N/A	1861 - 1865
17	17	Eliza Johnson	2011	N/A	N/A	N/A	1865 - 1869
18	18	Julia Grant	2011	N/A	N/A	N/A	1869 - 1877
19	19	Lucy Hayes	2011	N/A	N/A	N/A	1877 - 1881
20	20	Lucretia Garfield	2011	N/A	N/A	N/A	1881
21	21	Alice Paul [17]	2012	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A †
22	22	Frances Cleveland	2012	N/A	N/A	N/A	1886 - 1889
23	23	Caroline Harrison	2012	N/A	N/A	N/A	1889 - 1893
24	24	Frances Cleveland	2012	N/A	N/A	N/A	1893 - 1897
25	25	Ida McKinley	2013	N/A	N/A	N/A	1897 - 1901
26	26	Edith Roosevelt	2013	N/A	N/A	N/A	1901 - 1909
27	27	Helen Taft	2013	N/A	N/A	N/A	1909 - 1913
28	28	Ellen Wilson	2013	N/A	N/A	N/A	1913 - 1914
28A	28A	Edith Wilson	2013	N/A	N/A	N/A	1915 - 1921
29	29	Florence Harding	2014	N/A	N/A	N/A	1921 - 1923
30	30	Grace Coolidge	2014	N/A	N/A	N/A	1923 - 1929
31	31	Lou Hoover	2014	N/A	N/A	N/A	1929 - 1933
32	32	Eleanor Roosevelt	2014	N/A	N/A	N/A	1933 - 1945
33	33	Bess Truman	2015	N/A	N/A	N/A	1945 - 1953
34	34	Mamie Eisenhower	2015	N/A	N/A	N/A	1953 - 1961
35	35	Jacqueline Kennedy	2015	N/A	N/A	N/A	1961 - 1963
36	36	Lady Bird Johnson	2015	N/A	N/A	N/A	1963 - 1969
37	37	Pat Nixon	2016	N/A	N/A	N/A	1969 - 1974
38	38	Elizabeth Ford	2016	N/A	N/A	N/A	1974 - 1977
‡	39	Rosalynn Smith Carter	‡				1977 - 1981
39	40	Nancy Davis Reagan	2016	N/A	N/A	N/A	1981 - 1989 [18] This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Give Me Liberty Martha Dandridge Custis Washington (June 2, 1731 – May 22, 1802) was the wife of George Washington, the first president of the United States, and therefore is seen as the first First Lady of the United States (although that title was not coined until after her death; she... May 13 is the 133rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (134th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... Abigail Smith Adams (November 11, 1744 – October 28, 1818) was the wife of John Adams, the second President of the United States, and is seen as the second First Lady of the United States though that term was not coined until after her death. ... This article is becoming very long. ... Madison in 1818 The only surviving photograph of Dolley Madison Dolley Payne Todd Madison (May 20, 1768 – July 12, 1849) was the wife of President James Madison, who served from 1809 until 1817. ... Elizabeth Kortright Monroe (1768 - September 23, 1830) was the wife of US President James Monroe. ... Louisa Catherine Johnson Adams (February 12, 1775 – May 15, 1852), wife of John Quincy Adams, was First Lady of the United States from 1825 to 1829. ... For other uses, see Andrew Jackson (disambiguation). ... Martin Van Buren (December 5, 1782 – July 24, 1862), nicknamed Old Kinderhook, was the 8th President of the United States from 1837 to 1841. ... Anna Tuthill Symmes Harrison (1775 - 1864), wife of President William Henry Harrison and the grandmother of President Benjamin Harrison, was nominally First Lady of the United States during her husbands one-month term in 1841, but she never entered the White House. ... Letitia Christian Tyler (November 12, 1790 - September 10, 1842), first wife of John Tyler, was First Lady of the United States from 1841 until her death. ... White House portrait Julia Gardiner Tyler (July 23, 1820 – July 10, 1889), second wife of John Tyler, was First Lady of the United States from June 26, 1844 to March 4, 1845. ... Sarah Childress Polk (September 4, 1803 – August 14, 1891), wife of James K. Polk, was First Lady of the United States from March 4, 1845 to March 3, 1849. ... Margaret Mackall Smith Taylor (September 21, 1788 - August 14, 1852), wife of Zachary Taylor, was First Lady of the United States from 1849 to 1850. ... Abigail Powers Fillmore (March 13, 1798 - March 30, 1853), wife of Millard Fillmore, was First Lady of the United States from 1850 to 1853. ... Jane Means Appleton Pierce Jane Means Appleton Pierce (March 12, 1806 – December 2, 1863), wife of Franklin Pierce, was First Lady of the United States from 1853 to 1857. ... James Buchanan (April 23, 1791 – June 1, 1868) was the 15th president of the United States (1857–1861). ... Mary Ann Todd Lincoln (December 13, 1818 – July 16, 1882) was the First Lady of the United States when her husband, Abraham Lincoln, served as the sixteenth President, from 1861 until 1865. ... Elizabeth McCardle Johnson, wife of President Andrew Johnson. ... Julia Grant, photo taken in 1876, when she was mistress of the White House Julia Grant (January 26, 1826 – December 14, 1902), wife of Ulysses S. Grant, was First Lady of the United States from 1869 to 1877. ... Lucy Ware Webb Hayes (August 28, 1831 - June 25, 1889) was the wife of President Rutherford B. Hayes of the United States of America and one of the most popular First Ladies of the nineteenth century. ... White House portrait Lucretia Rudolph Garfield (1832 - 1918), wife of James A. Garfield, was First Lady of the United States in 1881. ... Alice Paul, 1901. ... Frances Folsom Cleveland (July 21, 1864 – October 29, 1947), wife of Grover Cleveland, was First Lady of the United States from 1886 to 1889 and 1893 to 1897. ... White House portrait Caroline Lavinia Scott Harrison (October 1, 1832 _ October 25, 1892), wife of Benjamin Harrison, was First Lady of the United States from 1889 until her death. ... Frances Folsom Cleveland (July 21, 1864 – October 29, 1947), wife of Grover Cleveland, was First Lady of the United States from 1886 to 1889 and 1893 to 1897. ... Ida Saxton McKinley (June 8, 1847 – May 26, 1907), wife of William McKinley, was First Lady of the United States from 1897 to 1901. ... White House portrait Edith Kermit Carow Roosevelt (August 6, 1861 – September 30, 1948), second wife of Theodore Roosevelt, was First Lady of the United States from 1901 to 1909. ... White House portrait Helen Herron Nellie Taft (June 2, 1861 - May 22, 1943), wife of William Howard Taft, was First Lady of the United States from 1909 to 1913. ... Ellen Louise Axson Wilson (May 15, 1860 – August 6, 1914),[1] first wife of Woodrow Wilson, was First Lady of the United States from 1913 until her death. ... White House portrait Edith Bolling Galt Wilson (October 15, 1872–December 28, 1961), second wife of Woodrow Wilson, was First Lady of the United States from 1915 to 1921. ... White House portrait Florence Kling Harding (August 15, 1860–November 21, 1924), wife of Warren G. Harding, was First Lady of the United States from 1921 to 1923. ... Grace Anna Goodhue Coolidge (January 3, 1879 – July 8, 1957) was wife of Calvin Coolidge and First Lady of the United States from 1923 to 1929. ... Lou Henry Hoover (1874-1944) Lou Henry Hoover (March 29, 1874 – January 7, 1944) was the wife of President Herbert Hoover and First Lady of the United States. ... Anna Eleanor Roosevelt (October 11, 1884 – November 7, 1962) was an American political leader who used her stature as First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945 to promote her husbands (Franklin D. Roosevelts) New Deal, as well as civil rights. ... Elizabeth Virginia Wallace Truman (February 13, 1885 – October 18, 1982), often known as Bess Truman, was the wife of Harry S Truman and First Lady of the United States from 1945 to 1953. ... Mamie Geneva Doud Eisenhower (November 14, 1896 – November 1, 1979), was the wife of General and President Dwight D. Eisenhower and First Lady of the United States from 1953 to 1961. ... Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy Onassis (July 28, 1929 – May 19, 1994) was the wife of John F. Kennedy whom she married in 1953 and was known as Jacqueline Kennedy or Jackie Kennedy. ... Claudia Alta Taylor Johnson (born December 22, 1912) is the widow of former President Lyndon B. Johnson and was First Lady of the United States from 1963-1969. ... Thelma Catherine Ryan Nixon (March 16, 1912 – June 22, 1993) was the wife of former President Richard Nixon and the First Lady of the United States from 1969 to 1974. ... White House portrait Betty Ford (born April 8, 1918), a First Lady of the United States, was born Elizabeth Ann Bloomer in Chicago, Illinois, the daughter of William Stephenson Bloomer, an industrial supply salesman, and his wife Hortense Neahr. ... White House portrait Eleanor Rosalynn Smith Carter (born August 18, 1927) is the former First Lady of the United States. ... White House portrait Nancy Davis Reagan (born July 6, 1921 (or, according to herself, 1923)) is the widow of President Ronald Reagan and was First Lady of the United States from 1981 to 1989. ...
‡	41	Barbara Bush	‡				1989 - 1993
‡	42	Hillary Rodham Clinton	‡				1993 - 2001
‡	43	Laura Bush	‡				2001 - present

† — The act ^[17]explicitly states that Alice Paul will appear on the coin issued under the first spouse program despite President Arthur being a widower prior to being president. Since Paul was never Arthur's spouse then the coin will not have a served date. Barbara Pierce Bush (born June 8, 1925) is the wife of the 41st President of the United States, George H. W. Bush, and was First Lady of the United States from 1989 to 1993. ... Hillary Rodham Clinton (born Hillary Diane Rodham on October 26, 1947) is the Biggest loser/retard these united states have seen from New York. ... Laura Lane Welch Bush (born November 4, 1946) is the wife of U.S. President George W. Bush and is the current First Lady of the United States. ...

‡ — In order for this spouse to be honored then their president must qualify for a coin (see above).

Other provisions

The act also has two other provisions, for:

• Issuance of a $50 bullion coin reproducing the 1913 Buffalo nickel designed by James Earle Fraser.
• Redesign of the reverse of the Lincoln cent in 2009 to show four different scenes from Abraham Lincoln's life in honor of the bicentennial of his birth. These four scenes include:
  1. his birth and early childhood in Kentucky;
  2. his formative years in Indiana;
  3. his professional life in Illinois; and
  4. his presidency in Washington, D.C.

In 2009, numismatic cents which have the metallic copper content of cents minted in 1909 will be issued for collectors. General Name, Symbol, Number Gold, Au, 79 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11 (IB), 6 , d Density, Hardness 19300 kg/m3, 2. ... The American Buffalo is a 24 karat gold bullion coin first released by the United States Mint in June 2006. ... The United States five cent coin, commonly called a nickel, is a unit of currency equaling one 1/20th of a United States dollar. ... End of the Trail James Earle Fraser (November 4, 1876 – October 11, 1953) was an American sculptor, born in Winona, Minnesota. ... The United States one-cent coin, commonly called a penny, is a unit of currency equaling 1100 of a United States dollar. ... Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809—April 15, 1865) was the 16th President of the United States (March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865). ... An anniversary is a day that commemorates an event that occurred on the same day of the year some time in the past. ... Official language(s) English[1] Capital Frankfort Largest city Louisville Area  Ranked 37th  - Total 40,444 sq mi (104,749 km²)  - Width 140 miles (225 km)  - Length 379 miles (610 km)  - % water 1. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... Official language(s) English Capital Springfield Largest city Chicago Area  Ranked 25th  - Total 57,918 sq mi (149,998 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 390 miles (629 km)  - % water 4. ... Nickname: DC, The District Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Location of Washington, D.C., in relation to the states Maryland and Virginia Coordinates: Country United States Federal District District of Columbia Government  - Mayor Adrian M. Fenty (D)  - City Council Chairperson: Vincent C. Gray (D) Ward 1: Jim Graham (D... Numismatics (ancient Greek: νομισματική) is the scientific study of money and its history in all its varied forms. ...

After 2009, yet another redesigned reverse for the Lincoln cent is supposed to be minted; this "shall bear an image emblematic of President Lincoln's preservation of the United States of America as a single and united country," and so may replace the Lincoln Memorial reverse in use since 1959. However, it could be argued that the Lincoln Memorial itself meets the requirements of the Act through its design elements (mainly the 36 columns representing the states at his death and the names of all 48 states when it was constructed, and currently, all 50 states), so it is theoretically possible that the Lincoln Memorial reverse could return. The Lincoln Memorial, on the extended axis of the National Mall in Washington, D.C., is a United States Presidential Memorial built to honor President Abraham Lincoln. ...

See also

• Mint-made errors

Mint-made errors are errors in a coin made by the mint during the minting process. ...

Notes

Title 31 of the United States Code outlines the role of the money and finance in the United States Code. ... Title 31 of the United States Code outlines the role of the money and finance in the United States Code. ... Title 31 of the United States Code outlines the role of the money and finance in the United States Code. ... Title 31 of the United States Code outlines the role of the money and finance in the United States Code. ... Title 31 of the United States Code outlines the role of the money and finance in the United States Code. ...

References

• U.S. Mint Presidential $1 Coin Act page
• U.S. Mint First Spouse Program page
• Complete text of the Act at Wikisource
• Senate Bill 1047 at Thomas.loc.gov.
• Full Text (PDF) at from the United States Government Printing Office
• Report by the Congressional Budget Office on the cost of H.R. 902 (the companion to S. 1047), which includes information on seigniorage for the State Quarter program. April 12, 2005
• Anderson, Gordon T. "Congress tries again for a dollar coin". CNN/Money. April 28, 2005
• Press release, Nov. 21, 2005: Legislation to Redesign Lincoln Penny Passes Senate; Creates Presidential $1 Coin Program Similar to 50 State Quarters Program
• Information on the Washington Dollar Errors