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Encyclopedia > First battle of St Albans
First Battle of St Albans
Part of Wars of the Roses

Date: May 22, 1455
Location: St Albans in Hertfordshire, England
Result: Decisive Yorkist victory
Casus belli: {{{casus}}}
Territory changes: {{{territory}}}
Combatants
House of York House of Lancaster
Commanders
Richard, Duke of York,
Richard, Earl of Warwick		 Edmund, Duke of Somerset
Strength
3,000 2,000
Casualties
Unknown 300
Wars of the Roses
1st St Albans – Blore Heath – Ludford Bridge – Northampton – Wakefield – Mortimer's Cross – 2nd St Albans – Ferrybridge – Towton – Hedgeley Moor – Hexham – Edgecote Moor – Lose-coat Field – Barnet – Tewkesbury – Bosworth Field – Stoke Field

The First Battle of St Albans was the first battle of the Wars of the Roses and was fought on May 22, 1455 in the town of St Albans. Richard, Duke of York and his ally, Richard, Earl of Warwick defeated the Lancastrians under Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset, who was killed. York captured Henry VI and had himself appointed Constable of England. The Wars of the Roses (1455–1485) is the name generally given to the intermittent civil war fought over the throne of England between adherents of the House of Lancaster and the House of York. ... May 22 is the 142nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (143rd in leap years). ... // Events February 9 - Wars of the Roses: Richard, Duke of York dismissed as Protector February 23 - Johannes Gutenberg prints the first Bible on a printing press May 22 - Wars of the Roses: First Battle of St Albans - Richard, Duke of York and his ally, Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick defeat... St Albans (thus spelt, no apostrophe or dot) is the main urban area of the City and District of St Albans in southern Hertfordshire, England, around 22 miles (35. ... Hertfordshire (pronounced Hartfordshire and abbreviated as Herts) is an inland county in the United Kingdom, officially part of the East of England Government region. ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to: England Travel guide to England from Wikitravel English language English law English (people) List of monarchs of England – Kings of England family tree List of English people Angeln (region in northern Germany, presumably the origin of the Angles for whom England is named) UK... Casus belli is a Latin expression from the international law theory of Jus ad bellum. ... The House of York was a dynasty of English kings. ... The House of Lancaster is a dynasty of English kings. ... This article is about Richard, Duke of York, father of King Edward IV. For the article about Edward IVs son who was imprisoned in the Tower of London see: Richard, Duke of York (Prince in the Tower). ... Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick (1428 – April 14, 1471), was also known as Warwick the Kingmaker. ... Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset (1406 – May 22, 1455) was an English nobleman and an important figure in the Wars of the Roses and in the Hundred Years War. ... The Wars of the Roses (1455–1485) is the name generally given to the intermittent civil war fought over the throne of England between adherents of the House of Lancaster and the House of York. ... Battle of Blore Heath Conflict Wars of the Roses Date September 23, 1459 Place Blore Heath Result Yorkist victory The Battle of Blore Heath was the first major battle in the English Wars of the Roses and was fought on September 23, 1459, at Blore Heath, two miles east of... The Battle of Ludford Bridge was the worst disaster suffered by the Yorkists during the early years of the Wars of the Roses. ... The Battle of Northampton was a battle in the Wars of the Roses, which took place on 10 July 1460. ... The Battle of Wakefield took place at Wakefield, in West Yorkshire, on December 30, 1460, and was one of the major actions of the Wars of the Roses. ... The Battle of Mortimers Cross was fought on February 2, 1461 near Wigmore, Herefordshire (between Hereford and Leominster, by the River Lugg). ... The Second Battle of St Albans was a battle of the English Wars of the Roses fought February 22, 1461 near the town of St Albans. ... The Battle of Ferrybridge, 28 March 1461, was a small engagement between the houses of York and Lancaster before the larger battle of Towton, during the period know as the Wars of the Roses. ... The Battle of Towton in the Wars of the Roses was the bloodiest ever fought on British soil, with casualties believed to have been in excess of 20,000 (perhaps as many as 30,000) men. ... The Battle of Hedgeley Moor, 25 April 1464, was a battle of the Wars of the Roses. ... The Battle of Hexham (May 15, 1464) marked the end of significant Lancastrian resistance in the north of England during the early part of the reign of Edward IV. John Neville, later to be 1st Marquess of Montagu, led a modest force of 3,000_4,000 men, routed the rebel... The Battle of Edgecote Moor took place 6 miles northeast of Banbury (Oxfordshire), England on July 26, 1469 during the Wars of the Roses. ... The Battle of Losecote Field was fought on 12 March 1470, during the period know as the Wars of the Roses. ... The Battle of Barnet, which took place on April 14, 1471, was a decisive battle of the Wars of the Roses, near the town of Barnet, 10 miles north of London. ... The Battle of Tewkesbury in Gloucestershire, which took place on May 4, 1471, completed one phase of the Wars of the Roses. ... Combatants Richard III of England, Yorkist Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond, Lancastrian Commanders Richard III of England† Nominally, Richmond In practice, the Earl of Oxford Strength 8,000 5,000 Casualties Unknown Unknown The Battle of Bosworth or Bosworth Field was an important battle during the Wars of the Roses... The Battle of Stoke Field, which took place on June 16, 1487, marked the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. ... The Battle of Waterloo by William Sadler. ... The Wars of the Roses (1455–1485) is the name generally given to the intermittent civil war fought over the throne of England between adherents of the House of Lancaster and the House of York. ... May 22 is the 142nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (143rd in leap years). ... // Events February 9 - Wars of the Roses: Richard, Duke of York dismissed as Protector February 23 - Johannes Gutenberg prints the first Bible on a printing press May 22 - Wars of the Roses: First Battle of St Albans - Richard, Duke of York and his ally, Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick defeat... St Albans (thus spelt, no apostrophe or dot) is the main urban area of the City and District of St Albans in southern Hertfordshire, England, around 22 miles (35. ... This article is about Richard, Duke of York, father of King Edward IV. For the article about Edward IVs son who was imprisoned in the Tower of London see: Richard, Duke of York (Prince in the Tower). ... Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick (1428 – April 14, 1471), was also known as Warwick the Kingmaker. ... The House of Lancaster is a dynasty of English kings. ... Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset (1406 – May 22, 1455) was an English nobleman and an important figure in the Wars of the Roses and in the Hundred Years War. ... Henry VI (December 6, 1421 – May 21/22, 1471) was King of England from 1422 to 1461 (though with a Regent until 1437) and then from 1470 to 1471. ... The Lord High Constable of England is the seventh of the Great Officers of State, ranking beneath the Lord Great Chamberlain and above the Earl Marshal. ...


In an attempt to avoid becoming outflanked by the 3,000 strong Yorkist army, Henry's army of 2,000 troops pulled back into the town and built barricades in Holywell Hill and St Peter's Street to defend against a Yorkist attack from the fields to east. The bulk of Henry's forces were surprised and fully occupied by the speed of Richard's attack; most of the army was expecting a peaceful resolution like the one at Blackheath in 1452, and the leaders had been negotiating minutes before the attack. However, two frontal assaults down the narrow streets made no headway and resulted in heavy casualties for the Yorkists. The House of York was a dynasty of English kings. ... The House of York was a dynasty of English kings. ... Blackheath is a suburb of London, divided between the London Borough of Lewisham and the London Borough of Greenwich. ... Events October - English troops under John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, land in Guyenne, France, and retake most of the province without a fight. ...


Warwick took his reserve troops through an unguarded part of the town's defences, following a path through back lanes and gardens. Suddenly the Earl appeared in the Market Square where the main body of Henry troops was sitting around talking and resting. There is evidence they were not yet expecting to be involved in the fighting, as many were not even wearing their helmets. Warwick charged instantly with his small force of reserves and smashed the Lancastrian line in two, making military history.


The Earl then ordered his archers to fire at the men around the King, killing some and injuring many nobles including the King and his commander the Duke of Buckingham. Warwick killed one of his own enemies, the Duke of Somerset outside the Castle Inn. The men manning the barricades realising the enemy was in the main square and fearing an attack from behind abandoned them to the Yorkists who soon climbed over and joined the rout.


The First Battle of St Albans was trivial in military terms, with perhaps 300 dead, but the battle was a complete victory for York in political terms: he had captured the King, returning himself to complete power; his rival Somerset was dead; and the Neville's arch enemies Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland and Lord de Clifford both fell during the rout. Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland, (3 February 1392 /1393 - 22 May 1455) was the son of Henry Percy and his wife Elizabeth de Mortimer, daughter of Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March and Philippa Plantagenet. ...


See also


  Results from FactBites:
 
The city of St Albans: Introduction | British History Online (7494 words)
From an early date St. Albans has owed a great part of what prosperity it has had to the fact that it was the first stage out of London on the way to and from the Midlands, the north-west counties, and on one route to Ireland.
Albans on 16 October, 1865, and the Midland Railway commenced to run traffic upon the section of their main line from Bedford to London with a station at St. Albans on 1 October, 1868.
Immediately north of St. Peter's Church stood until a year or two ago Hall Place, a picturesque old house in which, or its predecessor, Henry VI is said to have slept on the night before the Battle of St. Albans.
Refights First St. Albans (1230 words)
At St. Albans (refight), the Lancastrian forces were defending the edge of the town with a force of 362AP split over three commands.
In the historical battle, one of the major deciding factors leading to the Yorkist victory was the unpreparedness of Henry and the confusion this caused.
St Albans, May 6.- King Henry VI awoke, as befits a gentleman of his regal standing, at about mid-day.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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