Fischer projection of D-glucose

In chemistry (particularly organic chemistry and biochemistry), a Fischer projection is a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional organic molecule by projection. All bonds are depicted as horizontal or vertical lines. The carbon chain is depicted vertically, with carbon atoms represented by the center of crossing lines. The orientation of the carbon chain is so that the C1 carbon is at the top. Image File history File links D-glucose_Fischer. ... Image File history File links D-glucose_Fischer. ... Organic chemistry is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of organic compounds that by definition contain carbon. ... Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry of life, a bridge between biology and chemistry that studies how complex chemical reactions give rise to life. ... 2-dimensional renderings (ie. ... An organic compound is any of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon, with exception of carbides, carbonates and carbon oxides. ... General Name, Symbol, Number Carbon, C, 6 Chemical series Nonmetals Group, Period, Block 14 (IVA), 2, p Density, Hardness 2267 kg/m3, 0. ...

In a Fischer projection, all horizontal bonds project forward (out of the page or screen). Therefore, a Fischer projection cannot be rotated by (2n+1)×90° in the plane of the page or the screen, as the orientation of bonds relative to one another can change, converting a molecule to its enantiomer. Image File history File links Fischer_projection. ... Image File history File links Fischer_Projection2. ... In chemistry, two stereoisomers are said to be enantiomers if they are mirror images of each other. ...

Fischer projections are most commonly used in biochemistry to represent monosaccharides, but can also be used for amino acids or for other organic molecules. Since Fischer projections depict the stereochemistry (three-dimensional structure) of a molecule, Fischer projections are very useful for differentiating between enantiomers of chiral molecules. A computational approach to determining the chirality of a molecule based on computing the sign of a determinant is given by Cieplak and Wisniewski ^[1]. Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates. ... In chemistry, an amino acid is any molecule that contains both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. ... The different types of isomers. ... In general, a molecule is the smallest particle of a pure chemical substance that still retains its composition and chemical properties. ... In chemistry, a molecule is chiral if it is not superimposable on its mirror image regardless of how it is contorted. ...

The Fischer projection was invented by Emil Fischer. Hermann Emil Fischer (October 9, 1852 - July 15, 1919) was a German chemist and recipient of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1902. ...

See also

• Haworth projection
• Newman projection
• Natta projection

A Haworth projection of the structure for α-D-glucopyranose A Haworth projection is a common way of representing the cyclic structure of monosaccharides with a simple three-dimensional perspective. ... In chemistry, a chemical conformation is the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule. ... The Natta projection is a way to depict molecules with complete stereochemistry in two dimensions. ...

References

1. ^  Cieplak, T. and J.L. Wisniewski (2001) A New Effective Algorithm for the Unambiguous Identification of the Stereochemical Characteristics of Compounds During Their Registration in Databases. Molecules 6:915-926. Online Article