Hellenistic fish plate, museum of Scotland

A fish plate is a Greek pottery vessel used by western, Hellenistic Greeks during the Fourth Century B.C. Although invented in Fifth-Century B.C. Athens, most of the corpus of surviving fish plates originate in South Italy, where Fourth-Century B.C. Greek settlers, called "Italiotes," manufactured them. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (3875x2316, 1356 KB) Hellenistic fish plate, Edinburgh, MoS. I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (3875x2316, 1356 KB) Hellenistic fish plate, Edinburgh, MoS. I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Thanks to its hardy nature pottery bulks large in the archaeological record of ancient Greece, and because we have so much of it (some 100,000 vases are recorded in the Corpus vasorum antiquorum) it has exerted a disproportionately large influence on our understanding of that society. ...

The name "fish plate" comes from the usual decoration of these objects which includes various fish and other marine creatures. Fishes depicted include bream, perch, torpedo fish, tunny, flying fish, puffer fish, scorpion fish, squid, cuttlefish, octopus, scallop, clam, dentalia, murex, snail, shrimp, crab, dolphin, hippocamp, etc. Species See text. ...

The form of the plate was called a "pinax" or "pinakion", meaning "tablet," because of its flat shape. The fish plate's form was that of a dimpled disk elevated on a pedestal, in other words, round and flat with a small cup in the center of plate designed to hold oil or sauce. Its rim was turned down, and often bears a decorative border, either spiraling waves, greek key and meander motifs, or a wreath of laurel leaves. A fish plate is almost always also elevated above table level by a pedestal foot. Plates of this form are known since Minoan times (Pre-Greek), but they were not decorated with fish until the end of the Fifth Century B.C. For illustrations of the form of the vessel, see the external link "Fish Plate Form" at the end of this article.

Fish plates were first produced in Athens during the late fifth century B.C. These Attic fish plates are characterized by fish whose bellies are oriented towards the outside rim of the plate. In Athens the palette was restricted to red clay fabric and black gloss slip with rare uses of white overpainting. Later, Italiote Greek settlers in Southern Italy began to mass produce more colorful fish plates in Taranto (Taras), Paestum (Poseidonia), Capua, and Cumae (Kyme). The South Italian fish plates are characterized by decoration in which the fish's bellies are oriented towards the sauce cup at the center of the plate. Founded 706 BC as Taras () Region Apulia Mayor Rossana Di Bello Area  - City Proper  217 km² Population  - City (2001)  - Density (city proper) 201,349 973/km² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Latitude Longitude 40°28 N 17°14 E www. ...

Fish plates can be classified by fabrics (ceramic workshops): Attic fishplates were manufactured in the Kerameikos district of Athens, Greece; Apulian fish plates were manufactured in various workshops in Taranto (Greek "Taras") on the "heel of the boot" of Italy; Campanian fish plates come from the region of the Bay of Naples, Italy (There were fabrics in both Capua and Cumae (Greek "Kyme")); Paestan fabrics were made in Paestum (Greek "Poseidonia"), south of Salerno, Italy (These are the only fish plates signed by the artists, coming from the workshops of Python and Asteas.). Fish plates were made in almost all South Italian ceramic fabrics except for those in Lucania (on the Gulf or Taranto, the "arch of the boot" of Italy). For illustrations of fish plates made by these fabrics, see the external links at the end of this article. Cumae (Cuma, in Italian) is an ancient Greek settlement lying to the northwest of Naples in the Italian region of Campania. ... Paestum overview. ...

All fish plates are red figure ware, meaning that the creatures are left in reserve, while the body of the vessel is largely painted in black glaze. Then dilute glaze and white overpainting were applied. Sometimes, in the South Italian examples the palette is enlarged to include deep red, pink, and yellow overpainting as well. This polychrome technique with its chiaroscuro (highlights and lowlights) is called "sovradipinto." Many of the creatures pre-evidence the tromple l'oeil art characteristic of later, Graeco-Roman painting and mosaics found at Pompeii and other Roman resorts in Magna Graecia (Greek-speaking Southern Italy). Magna Graecia around 280 b. ...

Some contend that fish plates were decorated with pictures of the seafood they were intended to hold. Most of them, however, have been found in mortuary contexts, so it might be surmised that the fish images could represent symbolic offerings for the dead. On the other hand, these plates could just as well be objects which were in popular use among the living, placed in tombs for the deceased to continue using in the hereafter. At any rate the small size of these plates could not realistically afford some of the large aquatic animals represented upon them, and the decoration must therefore be regarded as artistic or symbolic compositions rather than pictures of actual food items on the plates.

External links

Fish Plate Form: [1]

Ancient Fish Eating:[2] ; http://www.umich.edu/~kelseydb/Exhibits/Food/text/fish.html

General Fish Plate Information: http://www.archeobo.arti.beniculturali.it/mostre/Ferrara_cibo/rappresentazioni_pesce.htm ; http://www.antikensammlung-kiel.de/griechen_meer.html ; http://www.museum-kassel.de/index_navi.php?parent=1119 ; http://www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/php-bin/advkalcontent-2005.php?tag=5

Attic Fabric: http://www.archeobo.arti.beniculturali.it/mostre/Ferrara_cibo/ferrara_cibo.htm ; http://www.utexas.edu/features/archive/2004/chersonesos.html ; http://www.classics.und.ac.za/projects/museum2/fish_plate.htm

Apulian Fabric: http://www.phoenixancientart.ch/works_of_art/40 ; http://www.museodellolivo.com/ita/isez7.htm ; http://www.artnet.com/galleries/Collections.asp?gid=116&cid=71688 ; http://www.regione.sicilia.it/turismo/web_turismo/it/localita/EN/aidone/fotografie/archeologia/piatto.html ; http://www.museum.wa.gov.au/exhibitions/online/ancientlives/76_big.html ; http://www.artisopusgallery.com/antiquit/Fish_Plate/index.html ; http://www.edgarlowen.com/n1/b7226.jpg ; http://www.bancaintesaarteecultura.com/template5_new.asp?q_order=opr_idstc,%20opr_ordertitolo&q_tipo=3&q_stringa=&q_ricerca=&q_stc=&q_curpage=5 ; http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/LX/FishPlate.html ; http://www.royalathena.com/pages/greekcatpages/greekvssouitrf.html ; http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/LX/FishplateKarlsruheBMF266.html ; http://www.thebakken.org/artifacts/database/artifact.asp?type=category&category=W3&id=1434 ; http://www.anticoantico.com/scheda_articolo_main.asp?ID=19282&lingua=ita ; http://www.archeona.arti.beniculturali.it/sanc_it/mavic/maac/schede/mav0082.html ; http://www.cigv.it/gallery/album34/Piatto_da_pesce_320_300_a_C ; http://www.cigv.it/gallery/album34/Piatto_da_pesce_ultimo_quarto_del_IV_secolo_a_C_1 ; http://www.cigv.it/gallery/album34/Piatto_da_pesce_ultimo_quarto_del_IV_secolo_a_C ; http://www.bancaintesaarteecultura.com/permanenti_elenco_new.asp?q_order=opr_inv&q_tipo=3&q_stringa=&q_ricerca=&q_stc=9&q_curpage=6 ; http://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/reperti.php?page=scheda_ra&idscheda=641&id=526&idente=20 ; http://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/reperti.php?page=scheda_ra&idscheda=506&id=529&idente=20

Campanian Fabric: http://www.antiquainc.com/14a012x.html ; http://www.artonline.nl/zilverberg/detail.cfm?varlink=zilverberg/catalog/ita_campanian_fish_plate.jpg&hoofd=Antiquities ; http://www.royalathena.com/pages/greekcatpages/Vases/SouthIt/MHA37C.html ; http://www.thebakken.org/artifacts/database/artifact.asp?type=category&category=W&id=1435 ; http://www.liu.edu/cwis/CWP/but06/hillwood/hellen.html ; http://www.si.umich.edu/Art_History/demoarea/details/KEL1084.html ; http://fototeca.iccd.beniculturali.it/FOTOINT/DDW?W%3DFTAN%3D%27ICCDE0000072079%27

Paestan Fabric: http://www.clevelandart.org/Explore/departmentWork.asp?deptgroup=14&recNo=252&display= ; http://www.kassel-museum.de/admin/userimages/Image/wa/WA05_AS%20Fischteller%201%20mittel.jpg ; http://www.royalathena.com/pages/greekcatpages/Vases/SouthIt/BLC436.html

Roman Fabric: http://exchanges.state.gov/culprop/cypruspc/00000080.htm ; http://exchanges.state.gov/culprop/cypruspc/fi/00000080.htm

Modern Fabric (reproductions): http://www.archaeometry.gr/oldv/thetis/products/MCA/mikra-goulan/index-eng.htm

Bibliography

Griechische Fischteller by Norbert Kunisch (ISBN-13: 978-3786115625)

Meeresleben und Jenseitsfahrt. Die Fischteller der Sammlung Florence Gottet by Christian Zindel (ISBN-13: 978-3905083132)

• South Italian Vase Painting by A.D. Trendall (ISBN-13: 978-0714112541)
• Red Figure Vases of South Italy and Sicily by A.D. Trendall (ISBN-13: 978-0500202258)
• The History of Greek Vases by John Boardman (ISBN-13: 978-0500285930)
• Vase-Painting in Italy by the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (ISBN-13: 978-0878464067)